WPeather Partly Cloudy; Continued Warm ig Lit igau :43 at t Editorial No Time For Profit Patriotism ... I Official Publication Of The Summer Session VOL. L. No. 44 Z-323 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 1940 PRICE FIVE CENTS Wheeler Flays Pendmg Draft Bill; Military PlansDelayed Montana Senator Warns Conscription Amounts To Democracy's Final Death Warrant In U.S. Debate In Senate Provokes Army WASHINGTON, Aug. 13-(P)-Sen- ator Wheeler (D-Mont) warned the Senate today that pesage of the pend ing conscription bill would "slit the throat of the last democracy still living today" while army chiefs, chafing at congressional delays, said they had been forced to postpone plans for having 900,000 troops in uniform by early fall. Delivering the day's principal ad- dress of opposition to the draft bill, the Montana Senator argued there was no forseeable danger of an at- tack upon the United States, that the army was taking advantage of a crisis psychology to "saddle" the country with conscription, and that the army's legitimate manpower needs could be filled by voluntary en- listments. Demanding to know where Secre- tary of War Stimson and other "Men of the stamp of Stimson" planned to send the conscript army, he ask- ed: Burke Speaks "Are these administration men not counting upon our invading large parts of South America-Mexico perhaps-all in the name of defend- ing our contry?" Earlier, Senator Burke (D-Neb), finishing a speech begun yesterday, contended that voluntary enlist- ments were too slow to meet the nec- essities of the times, and asserted that "this country does not want to1 wait until war comes, if unhappily it should ever come, befbre we startj training our citizens." "Let no one here deceive himself into believing that his would be a happy lot if by his action he helped1 to prevent or postpone adequate mil- itary training for those who some day may-God forbid-be called uponj to defend their country," Burke ad- ded.- Necessary Postponementt Meanwhile, Brig. Gen. William E. Shedd, the army's Assistant Chief of Staff in charge of personnel, told the house Military Committee that the time required by Congress to debate the conscription issue had forced at postponment of the objective of 900,- 000 men under arms until Jan. 1. Originally, and presupposing thet speedy passage of the necessary leg-1 islation, he said, the army scheduleI called for the drafting of 400,000r trainees on October 1. Trainees plust mobilized National Guardsmen andI regular army components wouldI have produced the 900,000 figure. The revised schedule, he said, called for 75,000 trainees on October 15, 50,000 more on November 1, 65, 000 on November 15, 100,000 in ealy De- cember and about 98,000 late that month. Militia MeasureE - Already approved by the Senate,I the legislation enabling the presidentI to muster the militia for a twelve- month training period, was given the right of way in the House during the day by its rules committee. I In its third day, the Senate's con- scription debate had lost none of its intensity of feeling, but most of thec senators obviously had begun to feel they had heard all the arguments and were waiting principally for the opportunity to vote. Attendance was slim, and consisted mostly of sena- tors opposed to the bill, intently lis- tening to Wheeler. Wheeler asserted the army wanted conscription whether or not it was possible to get enough men by volun- tary enlistments. FOR Urges 'Ersatz' For Conscription Promoting the study of Latin- American relatioris to imjntrove chances for peace was urged to- night at the meeting of 'the Fel- lowship of Reconciliation last nieht At +he .an H11. Experience Made Place, Name For Indian, Harrington Claims By HAROLD L. ALLEN When'an American Indian had a memorable experience in some par- ticular place, that place thereafter bore for him a name based on that experience. This kind of thing pro- duced perhaps the mosthcommon class of Indian place names, accord- ing to Dr. J. P. Harrington, senior ethnologist of the American Bureau of Ethnology of the Smithsonian In- stitute at the concluding luncheon conference of the summer. Thus, said Dr. Harrington, if an Indian killed a buffalo in some spot, such a place he might then call in his own language the equivalent of "Buffalo Kill," "Slain Buffalo," or "Victory over Buffalo." An island off the coast of Alaska is called simply, 'Petrified Whale," for the obvious reason that Indians had found what they thought was a petrified whale. Many such experiences are relig- ious, and hence place names, it was pointed out, reflect the spiritual and mythological background of the tribe whose member or members gave the names. But many place-names, Dr. Har- rington added, are based upon geo- graphical features, and upon resem- blances of such geographical fea- tures, to some other kinds of ob- jects, particularly to animals. A cur- ious characteristic of Indian place- names, he said, is that occasionally very prominent geographical feat- ures are known without any other distinguishing name. Indians living nearthe Colorado River. for in- stance, call it simply "The River," and the Mississippi formerly was similarly named among the Middle Western Indians. Although Dr. Harrington has made a hobby of the study of Indian place- names for years, he admitted that some he has found he has been un- able to interpret. Most such names, he declared have a recognizable etymology, but some are so old that their origins are completely forgot- ten, even though present-day In- dians may attempt to explain that origin by what is called folk-etymol- ogizing, or finding in the place-name certain resemblance to other words and hence using those words as the etymological source. This is the kind of thing that English language speak ers have done fore example, with the word "crayfish," which comes from the French "ecrivisse," and has nothing to do with the word "fish." Dr. Harrington supplemented his discussion by a brief resume of his recent study in the value of compar- ative phonology of American Indian languages in helping to arrive at a satisfactory reconstruction of prehis- toric European languages. Italian Press Warns Athens And Belgrade Rome Spokesman Accuses Greeks Of Territorial Intentions In Albania Nazi Aerial Raids Menace London, Germans Claim Invasion0 Threat Mounts; Fascist Murdered Business Men Disagree Over Profits Levy Chamber Official Urges Delay; NAM Delegate Asks Temporary Tax WASHINGTON, Aug 13 (AP)-An offical of the United States Chamber of Commerce urged Congress today to delay enacting an excess profits tax while a representive of the Na- tional Association of Manufacturers favored a "cerefully drawn" tax of that type as a temporary "emergency measure." Ellsworth C. Alvord of the Cham- ber's Federal Finance Committee, recommended that Congress go ahead andpass, separately from the tax, legislation permitting defense contractors to deduct fron their in- come the full cost of new plant in- stallations. Alvord Argues Meanwhile, Alvord argued, the pending 25 to 40 per cent profits ta, with which plant amortization is joined, could be subjected to "simpli- cation and improvement." This, he said, was more essential than speed. Carl N. Osborne, Vice President of the M. A. Hanna Company, Cleve- land, and Vice-Chairman of the NAM's Government Finance Com- mittee, came out for an excess profits tax applicable to this year's earnings. He said, however, the tax should not be made permanent because it in- volves "inequities." Testify At Hearing Both Alvord and Osborne testi-fied at a joint hearing of the Senate Fi- nance and House Ways and Means Committees on a proposal by the ouse Tax Subcommittee to enact an excess profits levy, provide defense plant amortization and repeal the Vinson-Trammell Acts's 8 and 7 per cent limits on the profits from war- ships and military aircraft. Both objected to details of the pro- posed tax, and Alvord, unlike Os, borne, declared the levy should not in any case apply to this year's in- come. Highway Funds Discussed Here Chamber Of Commerce Officials Hold Meeting Study of allocation of state funds for highway construction, prelimin- ary' to a possible request for revision of existing legislation, was under- taken here yesterday by Chamber of Commerce officials from seven Southern Michigan cities. It was pointed out at the session, called by Earl S. Weber of Kalama- zoo, that 50 per cent of the state Willkie Asks Ad Refunding By Democrats GOP Nominee Continues Attack On Opponents' Fund-Raising Methods (By The Associated Press) Colorado Springs, Aug. 13-Wen- dell Willkie, Republican presidential nominee, again brought up the sub- ject of campaign books today, de- manding that the Democratic Party return to corporations all funds for the sale of advertising in the cam- paign money-raising project. He agreed with Alf M. Landon, who attended the nominee's press conference, that" it is the policy of the Administration to see how many fraudulent 'votes can be cast by ma- chines in Chicago, Jersey City and the Bronx." Asserting that even Edward J. Flynn, Chairman of the Democratic National Committee, should under- stand "that there is a limit to politi- cal ruthlessness," Willkie said he was gratified that Attorney General Ro- bert Jackson and Senator Carl A. Hatch, New Mexico Democrat, had joined his campaign to peven the Democrats from violating both the Corrupt-Practices Act and the books. The nominee issued his statement in response to reporters' questions about the ruling of Attorney General Jackson that the Justice Department would not permit the sale of Demo- cratic campaign books by state, local party organizations and atche's dec- laration that purchasers of the books would be liable to prosecution. Accident Plan For Schoolboy Athletes Is Set LANSING, Aug. 13.-W)-An ath- letic accident benefit plan will pro- tect upward of 15,000 Michigan high school boys when they return to classes in 300 state high schools this fall. The attorney general has removed the last obstacle' to the establish- ment of the plan by ruling that it is not an insurance program, Charles E. Forsythe, state high school ath- letic director, said. The boys may obtain up to $300 in benefits bympaying $1.50 per school year, the benefits to cover any in- jury suffered in an inter-scholastic athletic event or practice session. It does not cover intramural sports. For 75 cents a boy may obtain coverage for all sports except foot- ball, and for an additional 10 cents coverage for injuries while being transported to or from a game. Forsythe said the benefit pay- ments would come from the regis- tration fees of schools participating In Coastal Town ROME, Aug. 13, -(M)- Italian spokesmen accused Greece tonight of having territorial designs on It- aly's Albanian domain and indicated that Premier Mussolini sooner or later will demand slices of both Greece and Yugoslavia territory in a "general settlement" for Albania. The Italian press has been. hitting at Greece since the week-end disclos- ure of the death of an Albanian pat- riot, Daug Hoggia, at the hands, the Italians said, of two Greek assassins. Italians also charged Greece is a "silent ally" of Great Britain in the war. Killed For A Song Yugoslavia entered the Italian pic-. ture only today, when the newspaper La Tribuna reported the killing of a minor fascist leader, Leonardo Ciurcovich, in the Italian town of Zara on the Yugoslav coast because he objected to a stranger singing a Slav song on Zara's streets. These developments coincided with an Italian battle with British de- fenders of British Somaliland and a big four-hour night attack on the British Naval Base in the Mediter- ranean. Fight In Somaliland Italian troops in British Somali- land are attempting to reach the Somaliland capital, Berbera, on the seacoast. The Italians were reported to have taken Adadleh, about 50 miles south of Berbera. In the attack on Malta, the Ital- ians were reported to have set fire to oil storage tanks and an arsenal. Virginio Gayda, often spokesman for the Fascist regime, declared the Italian . gover ,t. e pegted the Greek government to "answer for its new crimes" and asserted Italy could not tolerate Greece's "acts against the independence of Albania." Duncan McCrea Pleads Sickness In Graft Case Counsel Presents Evidence To Prove Prosecutor 'Is A Very Sick Man' D1 TROIT, Ang. 13.-UP)-With one of his aides acting as spokesman, Prosecutor Duncan McCrea plead- ed today that he was a very sick man and not physically fit to un- dergo examination starting Friday in the Wayne County handbook graft case in which 155 persons were indicted. At the conclusion of a conference between Ralph Garber, one of Mc- Crea's assistants; Circuit Judge Homer Ferguson, head of the Grand Jury which reurned the indictments, and Chester P. O'Hara, special pros- ecutor, no comment was forthcom- ing, but O'Hara went ahead with plans for starting the hearing, which is expected to last approxi- mately six weeks. Garber presented affidavits from physicians, heart specialists and at- taches of University Hospital, Ann Arbor, to the effect that it would be dangerous to McCrea to appear in court until the latter part of Sep- tember. The Wayne County Prose- cutor now is in the Upper Penin- sula. The affidavits said that McCrea is a victim of hay-fever and asthma and should remain in Northern Michigan and avoid undue exercise or excitement between now and the advent of cool weather. Of the 155 defendants all but 20 have been arraigned and placed un- der bond. Of the 20, only ten are men whose whereabouts is not known Flour Helps Save Life Of Thirteen-Year-Old MILLER, S. D., Aug. 13.-(P)- Flour- and a sister's quick action- Bombers Flying 60 Miles Inland According To 'A Well-Laid Plan' BERLIN, Aug. 14 (Wednesday).- (P)-German bombers now are flying more than 60 miles inland from the South British coast to shatter a great variety of military objectives, Nazi commentators declared today, and are threatening London itself. The combat area extends 310 miles from the mouth of the Thames River, through Dover westward, it was stated, and the onslaught is not in- dividual raids, but " a general ac- tion," developing according to a well- laid plan. These reports came shortly after Berlin itself experienced a 47-minute air raid alarm this morning. The alarm was the third of the war, but no bomb explosions or gunfire were heard in the downtown area. Resi- dents of some suburbs said they heard distant shooting. DNB, official German news agen- cy, said the German raids on Britain yesterday brought down or destroyed on the ground 96 British planes- a new day's record. A fifth were shot down over the English Channel and the British Isles, 16 were brought down in Brit- ish attacks on Aalborg, Denmark, and 30 were destroyed on the ground by German bombs, according to DNB. DNB termed the encounters the "biggest success" in the present( heightened aerial warfare which pointed to an early zero hour for the long-threatened attempt to land Nazi troops on the British Isles. The Germans put their own losses in the day's action at 24 planes, but said five of the crewmen were saved. Dover is at the mercy of German bombing squadrons and its British defenders have been "driven out of the air," German sources declared joyfully tonight. The great Portsmouth naval base again was pelted with bombs today and the raids on south coast ports have been so effective, these sources declared, that it will be almost im- possible for the British fleet to oper- ate in the Channel. Besides pounding English shore points for the third successive day, the swarms of German bombers and fighters today crowded steadily in- land to a point where they threat- ened the defenses of London itself, Nazis asserted. Eastchurch, half way of the Thames toward London, was one of the main targets as the Nazi raiders went into their 72nd hour of almost steady bombing and gunning of island strong-points. I Envoy Cudahy Returns Home Ambassador To Belgium Claims 'Distortion' NEW YORK, Aug. 13.-(JP)-Cen- sured by the State Department for his comments in London on condi- tions in Nazi-invaded Belgium, John Cudahy, U. S. Ambassador to Brus- sels, came home today to report to his government and, incidentally, to remark that his statements had been badly "distorted" in the London press. His criticism did not cover stories carried by newspapers in this coun- try, as he said on his arrival aboard Pan-American Airways' Dixie Clip- per that he had not seen any Amer- ican papers. When later he was shown the Associated Press story cabled from London following the mass interview he gave there a week ago, hi said it was a "fair statement" of wlA , he had said. Cudahy, stopping at the St. Regis Hotel after leaving the airport, said he would leave for Washington by train at midnight tonight and report to the State Department tomorrow. State Politicos Will Celebrate 'Governor Day' LANSING, Aug. 13.-(A)-Michigan politicians will assemble at Iona to- morrow for the annual Governor's day observance at the Ionia Free Fair. U. S. Senator Arthur Vandenburg of Grand Rapids, seeking renomina- tion on the Republican ticket, will launch his one- day campaign speak- ing tour at the Fair. He will address a noon luncheon at which Governor. Dickinson will be guest of honor, and' share the speaking platform with the governor at an outdoor program in the afternoon. Vandenburg will come to Lansing in the evening to deliver a prepared address at a Republican Service Men's dinner. He declared the single day's stumping would wind up his primary election campaign. He sent word he would return to Washington the following day. Dickinson said he would not follow the example of previous governors, who made the Iona Fair speech one of the highlights appearances of French Indict Ousted Chiefs3 Accused Traitors Listed As 'Monsieur X (By The Associated Press) RIOM, France, Aug. 13.-The ar- mistice government of Marshal Phil-1 ippe Petain, formally indicted to- night before a high court of last ap- peal the government and military] leaders whom it deems responsible for betraying the Third Republic by leading it, unready, into war and de- feat. The government did not name the leaders, but it lumped them as a com- posite "Monsieur X" in a general complaint. The court itself will fix individual responsibility. As the blanket charge was placedl before the nation's new Supreme Court, the old Marshal, chief ofi state, went before the radio with a stinging rebuke for those who stand accused - who obviously include, among others, former Premier Edou-; ard Daladier, and former General-; issimo Maurice Gustave Gamelin. ,He said that France fell before laziness,t incompetence "and even sabotage." The court accusation blanketed as traitors to their charge an unspeci-4 fied number of "ministers, ex-min-t isters and their immediate .civil and military subordinates." It demanded that the court inquire into the pre-1 war and war periods and fix indi-1 vidual accusations, proceeding for1 the time being merely against the allegedly traitorous "Monsieur X," and later lodging charges against definite persons. In his speech Petain promised that those who betray their duties will be ''sought out and punished.'' 2 Detroit Girls Electrocuted DETROIT, Aug. 13.-(P)- Two Highland Park sisters who were play- ing in the rain in their bathing suits were electrocuted today when a wire carrying 2,300 primary volts fell dur- ing a. torrential rain and electrical storm that swept the Detroit area. The girls were Barbara Jean Mor- ton, 15. and her sister, Dorothy Mae, 13, daughters of Foster Morton, a postoffice employe. The wire fell on the older sister as she stood knee-deep in a flooded alley. The younger girl died when she attempted to pull the wire from her sister. A fire department rescue -, _,1 . -1 i f.. - Vessels Clash In Channel As Industrial Centers Undergo Severe Attacks British Claim 69 EnemyAirplanes LONDON, Ang. 14.-(Wednesday) -(P)-Nazi warplanes shrieked ver the length and breadth of Britain today, scourging the industrial mid- lands and North Scotland and plunging into the fourth day of an unremitting assault on the South Shore, apparently aimed at smashing out an invasion "bridge- head." The defense of this stubborn is- land kingdom mounted in tempo with the hourly-increasing threat of invasion, a threat enhanced by a clash of light-draft vessels in the channel during yesterday's gigan- tic aerial conflict. The British, despite their preoc- cupation with bringing down 69 Ger- man planes yesterday, apparently found time to give Germany a new dose of her own medicine. 47-Minute Alarm Berlin had a 47-minute air-raid alarm this morning, and the big wireless station at Bremen shut down abruptly, a possible sign of RAF planes in the vicinity. Some Britons even speculated that Germany might give up the invas- ion idea and try an aerial "starva- tion" blockae instead. This morning's German attack on the English Midlands was the big- gest of the war for that district. Bombs burst with a rumble and great glares made the sky lurid. Anti-aircraft gunners kept up a scorching fire. Tracer bullets and searchlights pierced the morning dark. Waves Of Bombers Three successive waves of Nazi bombers sowed destruction today on Southampton, largest city strafed by the raiders and one of the most im- portant on the English Chanel. Buildings rattled with the shoc of heavy explosions which took an undisclosed toll -and overhead British fighter planes tangled in fierce air fights, with the flying in- vaders. One defense squadron alone, already credited with bringing down seven Nazi planes yesterday, smash- ed 14 more today without a single loss. One big bomb exploded squarely on an air raid shelter which held 100 persons, and not one was in- jured. They had to be told the shelter was set afire on the outside by the explo- sion. Firemen soaked the blazing exits so the occupants of the shelter could get out. . Narrow Escapes Several persons in the bomb-strewn city, which has a normal population of 180,000 (now much less), told of narrow escapes from death. One man was said to have been blown out of a building hit squarely by a bomb, and hurled 25 yards through what a few seconds before had been a plate glass window of an- other building. He got up, apparently unhurt, and sought shelter elsewhere. The Air Ministry said the raiders who hit here also attacked the Kent- ish Coast to the east beforesweeping across this city at the head of South- ampton water, reaching in from the Channel behind the Isle of Wight. It was the third successive day of unending attack and, adding the 400 to 800 raiders that appeared last Thursday in a bloody overture to what has come since, it raised to a total of about 2,000 the number of German planes that have struck in the four days of big scale fighting. Nine Departments. Fight Fire In Elsie ELSIE, Mich., Aug. 13-(P)-Fire departments from nine central Michigan communties fought a fire today in the control room of the Aurora Refinery here. The pump house and control rom of the refinery were destroyed.