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Edtorial
Where Are
The Garand Rifles?«...

Official Publication Of The Summer Session
VOL. L. No. 35 Z-323 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, AUGUST 3, 1940

PRICE FIVE CENTS

R.A.F. Bombs Nazi
Port Of Hamburg,
Krupp Arm Works

To Lead Vespers

Germans Claim Crippling
Blows Against Armed
British Merchant Fleet
DeGaulle Is Found
GuiltyOf Treason
(By the Associated Press)
Britain claimed last night (Friday)
that steady Royal Air Force pounding
had smashed the great Nazi port of
Hamburg, devastated factories and
supply points, and blasted air fields
the Germans built for the invasion
of England. Docks and airplane fac-
tories at Bremen were reported hea-
vily damaged.
The effect of these 3,000 raids,
which the British said were carried
out with the aid of French pilots
still loyal to the Allied cause, was
minimized by Germany. Berlin
countered with the claim that 1,230
planes had been destroyed by Nazi
anti-aircraft units alone since 'the
war began, and said all eight British
planes attempting to raid an airport
near Cherbourg Thursday were shot
down.
Further Blows Claimed
The Germans claimed further
crippling blows against Britain's
armed merchant fleet, chalking up
to one submarine commander's cred-
it the destruction of a British sub-
marine, a British destroyer and 12
armed merchant ships totaling 74,338
tons in an unspecified period.
Latest targets reported under Brit-
ish bomb sights were the great Krupp
arms works at Essen, Germany, and
supply depots, oil plants and air-
dromes in Western Germany and in
Holland.
French airmen fighting under the
command of Gen. Charles De Gaulle,
who refused to quit when Premier-
Marshal Phillippe Petain's govern-
ment signed an armistice with Ger-
many, took part in a raid on an oil
plant at Kamen in Western Germany
Thursday night.
De Gaulle Condemned
De Gaulle was condemned to death
in absentia by a military tribunal
sitting in Clermont-Ferrand, France.
He was found guilty of treason.
In London, De Gaulle said: "I con-
sider the act of the Vichy men as
void; I shall have an explanation
with them after the victory."
These "Vichy men," meanwhile, set
Aug. 8 for the historic trial of former
military and political leaders blamed
for France's entry into the war-
and her defeat.
Galsworthy's
Play Finishes
Four-Da yRun
The Michigan Repertory Players'
sixth production of the Summer Ses-
sion season, John Galworthy's "Es-
cape", will conclude its four-day run
at 8:30 p.m. today at the Lydia Men-
delssohn Theatre under the auspices
of the speech department.
The play, which deals with the at-
tempts of an escaped convict to elude
both the police and himself and his
failure to do the latter, stars Nor-
man Oxhandler of Brooklyn, N.Y. as
Matt Denant. Oxhandler is a Play
Production veteran who has had
starring roles in many campus
dramas including that of Stephen
Minch in "The Star Wagon" last
month.
The other leading parts in "Es-
cape" are played by Whitford Kane,
director, and Truman Smith who was
seen in "The Star Wagon" as Hanus
Wilks. Kane plays the part of a par-
son while Smith portrays a farmer.
An interesting feature of the

drama is the scenery which is built
flat and painted with an air brush
to give an air of unreality and soft-
ness to the scenes. The sets were
made by Robert Mellancamp who is
assisting art director Alexander Wy-
koff.
First Comptroller General,
McCarl, Dies At Age Of 60
W A STNCrr'TN A ir a _ () __ -.__ T '

Frank Simon
To Lead Third
Band Concert
Frank Simon, noted conductor and
cornet soloist, will direct the Summer
Session Band at its third concert of
the summer at 4:15 p.m. tomorrow
in Hill Auditorium.
A member of the Summer Band
staff as guest conductor for his
second year, Mr. Simon has won ac-
claim both as a soloist and as a band
conductor.
Born in Cincinnati, O., in 1889, he
studied cornet with William Kopp
and Herman Bellstadt, and later
play in Sousa's famed band as cor-
netist. In Sousa's band, he sat next
to Herbert Clarke, acclaimed as one
of the greatest living cornetists. He
shared solo honors with Clarke and
acquired many valuable techniques
from him.
Now conductor of his own band
for the past twenty years, Mr. Simon
leads an organization which boasts
the unique record of being the only
professional band on the air for com-
mercial sponsors for ten years.
H. V. Shobat,
G. L. Williams
To Talk Today
Will Discuss Air Research
On High Altitude Fying,
Vibration Causes, Cures
Discussions of aircraft engine prob-
lems will highlight the weekly lecture
session of the Internal Combustion
Engine Institute at 9 a.m. today in
the Rackham Amphitheatre.
Vibration, their causes and cure,
in aircraft and aircraft engines will
be analyzed in the opening lecture
by G. L. Williams of the Pratt and
Whitney Aircraft Engine Corpora-
tion.
Aviation's latest field of research
and development of high altitude fly-
ing, will be described for the insti-
tute by H. V. Shobat of the Wright
Aeronautical Corporation in the
second morning lecture.
The Internal Combustion Engine
Institute is being conducted here this
summer under the joint sponsorship
of various departments of the En-
gineering College. Through the media
of lecturers loaned by industry, and
conferences, the Institute aims to
provide an opportunity for clarifi-
cation and discussion of fundamen-
tal principles as well as for the pre-
sentation of some of the latest de-
velopments in the field of internal
combustion engines.

REV. WILLIAM J. FINN
* * *
*
Final Vespers
To Be Directed
By Rev. Finn
Paulist Choristers Head
Was Organizer Of Noted
Boys' Choir Of Chicago
Rev. William J. Finn, director of
the Paulist Choristers of New York
City will be the guest conductor of
the third and final program in the
series of Summer Session Vespers at
8 p.m. tomorrow in Hill Auditorium.
As a composer, lecturer and leader
in the development of choirs, Father
Finn organized the noted Boy's Choir
of Chicago in 1904 which is now in
its 36th season of record perform-
ances. Touring the United States and
Canada, Father Finn presented his
group before Pope Pius X in the Vati-
can and sang the Solemn Mass at
the Notre Dame of Paris.
In 1918 he was transferred to the
Paulist Choir of the Paulist Fathers
Church of St. Paul the Apostle in
New York. Frequently filling concert
engagements, the choir is heard week-
ly over a national network.
Father Finn has been one of the
leaders in establishing the popular-
ity of American boy's choirs. 'He is
considered a specialist in the inter-
pretation of the great pilyphonic
masterpieces of Rennaissance Italian
composers. The ensemble interpreta-
tion of his group has attracted na-
tion-wide recognition as well as the
tone quality of his singers.
. The book, "The Art of the Choral
Conductor", is his recent contribu-
tion to the field of music. Demon-
strations for choirmasters, organists
and school music supervisors have
been given by Father Finn at num-
erous musical centers and colleges
through the country.
No Women In U.S. Army,
Until 'Bill' Goes Through
PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 2.--(P)-An
attractive young mother asked to
enlist in the army today and declar-
ed:
"I bet a crew of women could beat
those Nazis to smithereens."
Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Scho-
enfeld told dark-eyed Mrs. Leah
Nunzi, 27 and mother of a 20-month-
old son, the army wasn't taking
women just yet but that he'd remem-
ber her "when the bill went through."
He didn't say what bill.

University
Reorganizes
musicsehool
President Sink To Remain
As Musical Society Head;
Prof. E. Moore Is Made
Department Chairman
Former President
Active In Politics
The School of Music has been plac-
ed on a departmental basis, similar
to other University professional
schools, Pres. Alexander G. Ruthven
announced yesterday.
The office of president of the school
has been eliminated and Dr. Charles
A. Sink will continue as president
of the University Musical Society
which has charge, of the May Festi-
val and Choral Union concerts.
Dr. Earl V. Moore was named
chairman of the new department. He
has been in Washington on a year's
leave of absence as special advisor
for the WPA national music program.
Professor Moore joined the faculty
in 1914 as head of the organ depart-
ment, and became director of the
Music School in 1923. He has taken
three degrees here, and has studied
composition and conducting in Eur-
ope. He was University organist from
1913 to 1923.
Dr. Sink, connected with the music
school for 36 years, has been presi-
dent since 1927, and is a former state
senator. He graduated from the Uni-
versity in 1904 and became a secre-
tary in the Music School. Under his
direction the Musical Society has
brought world-famous symphony or-
chestras, concert stars and musical
organizations to Ann Arbor for the
Spring Festival and the Choral
Union's winter series.
A former candidate for the Repub-
lican nomination for the governership,
President Sink has been active in
state poliitics for many years. His
offices will be moved from the present
School of Music building on Maynard
St. to the Burton Memorial Tower.
Manuscripts
For Hopwoods
Are Due Friday
Prizes Will Be Presented
In Prose Fiction, Poetry
Drama, Essay Contests
Manuscripts for the annual Sum-
mer Hopwood contest are due at 4:30
p.m. Friday, Prof. Roy W. Cowden
reminded the University's amateur
authors yesterday.
The summer Hopwood offers a
prize of $75 and $50 in each of four
fields: prose fiction, poetry, drama
and essay, and all contestants must
be regularly enrolled students in an
English composition course or in the
journalism department.
All entrants must submit certifi-
cates that they are doing C work or
better in all courses, in order to be
eligible, and manuscripts must be
submitted in triplicate.
The contest was created by Avery
Hopwood, noted playwright, who es-
tablished a prize fund to encourage
young writers, especially "the new,
the radical and the different."
All manuscripts must be submitted

under pseudonyms, to insure fair
judging. The winter contest is
judged by noted literary figures. Last
spring's presentation speech was
made by Henry Seidel Canby, and
the year previous Carl Van Doren
presented the awards.

Bloomfield Criticizes Logicians
Who Question What Is Meaning'

President Considers
Measure Necessary
For Home Defense
Vote Scheduled
For Next Week

'Scientists Demand Appro
Of Relationship Of Wo
In the fourth of his series of pop-
ular talks dealing with basic ideas
in the scientific study of language,
Prof. Leonard Bloomfield of the Uni-
versity of Chicago last evening ex-
plained to a Linguistic Institute au-
dience the nature and function of
the lexicon.
The lexicon of a language, accord-
ing to Professor Bloomfield, is sim-
ply the collection of all the signifi-
cant elements in that language, with
the practical exclusion of morphemes
of those significant elements which
serve a grammatical purpose but are
not separate words. Such a list, he
said, is relatively simple, though
large; yet it must contain some
things which are not just single
words, such as phrases like "give
out" and meaningful affixes like
"-er" and "ess."
Question Of Meaning
"In the lexicon," Professor Bloom-
field pointed out, "we really face
the question of meaning, and of how
to determine meaning. One way
not to do it is to start with the ques-
tion, 'What is meaning?' or you will
end up writing a book on 'the mean-
ing of meaning.' The scientific lin-
guist will choose rather to find some-
thing first and then to give that
thing a name; any old name will do.
"As scientists we hear people mak-
ing noises with their mouths. We ob-
serve that these noises are co-ordin-
ated with certain events in behavior.
For example, we find that a thing
is always associated with the sounds
represented by 'apple.' Then that
is exactly ? what some of us call the
meaning of 'apple.' There are those
who disagree, who think that mean-
ing is a way of looking at something
and that the meaning of 'apple' is
just the mind, but I cannot accept
that viewpoint.
Language Doesn't Tell Story
"It is true," Professor Bloomfield
continued, "that language doesn't
tell the whole story. We can't ever
tell everything about one thing. As
far back as Plato philosophers have
failed to interpret this fact correctly.
CIO Automobile Group
Opposes Conscription
ST. LOUIS, Aug. 2.-(P)-By a
unanimous vote, the convention of
the CIO United Automobile Workers
of America today adopted a resolu-
tion expressing "unalterable" oppo-
sition "to any form of compulsory
military services at this time."
With little discussion from the
floor, the resolution was rushed to
adoption as delegates shouted for a
quick vote.
Anthony Nowakowski, 22, of De-
troit, who said he probably was the
youngest delegate at the convention,
spoke for the resolution and declared
that "military regimentation smacks
of Fascism."

ach Through Observation
rds, Behavior', He says
To Plato 'triangle' was a symbol of
some kind of mystical or spiritual
thing existing in another world. But
we know that 'triangle' is simply a
collection of sounds indicating cer-
tain characteristics abstracted from1
a very real thing in the actual world.
It is an abstraction, but it is not a
mystic symbol.
"Similarly," Professor Bloomfield
added, "mathematicians talk about;
'line,' 'point,' and so on, as if they
have no existence. But they do; we;
use these words just as we use 'ele-
phant,' that is, to abstract certain7
significant characteristics of a thing.
Ann Arbor is a point; this room is
a point; this mark on the board is.
a point."
'Underground
Railway Will
Be Investigated
Order Prompted By Ease
With Which Three Sailors1
Crossed Canadian Border
DETROIT, Aug. 2.-G)-Immi-
gration officers received orders today
to find out whether an "underground
railway" has been operating across
the Detroit River for aliens fleeing to
the United States from the European
war zone.
John L. Zurbrick, district immi-
gration director, said his order for
the investigation was prompted by
the apparent ease with which three
Polish sailors, charged with deserting
a ship carrying German prisoners to
Quebec, crossed from Ontario to
Trenton, Michigan, the night of July
25.
The seamen, Michal Sochul, Alex-
ander Turkiewicz and Karol Plonka,
are being held under $1,000 bond
each on charges of illegal entry.
"These sailors got across the border
so easily that they must have had
help," Zurbrick said. "If they were
able to escape the ship in spite of
wartime precautions, it would seem
that war prisoners might likewise
escape.
"It looks as if there might have
been an undergroundsrailway oper-
ating, not only in this, but in other
cases, and it has probably been built
up into a profitable machine since
the war.
"The.Polish sailors undoubtedly
crossed the river in a rowboat"
Zurbrick said the immigration bor-
der patrol has four boats constantly
patroling the Detroit River, which
connects Lakes Erie and St. Clair.

Roosevelt Gives Support
To New Draft Measure;
Woodring Opposes Bill

By RICHARD L. TURNER
WASHINGTON, Aug. 2. -(IP)-
President Roosevelt directly advo-
ated peace-time military conscrip-
ion today and his former Secretary
of War, Harry W. Woodring, opposed
it.
"I am distinctly in favor of a selec-
ive service training bill and I con-
sider it essential to adequate national
defense," the Chief Executive said at
a press conference, emphasizing his
words by permitting direct quota-
ion.
"How any fair-minded member of
Congress," Woodring said in a letter
to Senator Vandenberg (Rep.-Mich.)
who issued it to the press, "could say-
that we have given the voluntary
system of enlistment for the U.S.
Army a fair trial and that it has
broken down, and therefore we need
the compulsory service, is beyond my
understanding."
Meanwhile, the taxation subcom-
nittee of the House Ways and Means
Committee was taking action to re-
nove what may have called an Im-
portant obstacle to the production of
lefense items. It drafted legislation
o permit firms which expand their
plants for the production of defense
>rders to deduct from their taxable
earnings 20 per cent of the expansion
cost annually for five years.
Profit Limitations Considered
Then, the subcommittee went on
to the question of repealing present
imitations oh the profits which man-
ufacturers derive from naval and air-
raft contracts and of substituting
an excess profits tax. Administra-
tion oficials said the aim of the lat-
ter tax was to prevent undue en-
richment of anyone as a result of the
dlefense program.
The Senate Military Committee
was busy, too, polishing the conscrip-
tion bill for a final vote scheduled
for early next week. After hearing
the testimony of War Department
officials, it rejected an amendment
to limit the number of men who
might be called up to 900,000, and
another, under which voluntary one
year enlistments would be tried for
a 90-day period to 'see if the army's
personnel needs could behsatisled
without compulsory service.
Provisions Of Measure
As the measure read, it would re-
quire all men 21 to 30 years old, in-
clusive-some 12,000,000 in all-to
register for the draft. It also would
permit supplemental voluntary one-
year enlistments for all between 18
and 35.
The coincidence of the statements
by the President and by Woodring
attracted much attention in Wash-
ington. The latter had served as
Secretary of War until less than two
months ago. Then he resigned to
make way for his Republican suc-
cessor, Col. Henry L. Stimson.
With the increasing acuteness of
the conscription controversy, de-
mands had been made in recent days
for a statement from the President
of the legislation before the Senate
Committee. He had previously de-
clared himself for compulsory ser-
vice in principle, but declined to be
drawn into a discussion of details
of particular legislation. He followed
the same course today, but the cir'-
cumstances and the direct quotation
gave his statement added point.
War's Lesson
The lesson to be learned from the
present war, Mr. Roosevelt said, was
that a nation must must have trained
men and equipment ready when it
starts. The personnel, he said, must
include fighting men, supply men,
mechanics, and factory workers, all
of whom would require training
whether they were in uniform or not.
By training in advance, a nation
reduced casualties, he continued, and
a country cannot get a trained force
by merely passing a law when war
breaks out, or by using a voluntary
system.

F

Interpretive:
Nazi Leaders Erred In Delaying
Battle Of Britain, Simpson Says

By KIRKE L. SIMPSON
(Associated Press Staff Writer)
Although it took Germany only
37 days to win the Battle of France,
the Battle of Britain now has passed
the 50-day mark with little to indi-
cate its probable duration or out-
come.
Whatever the reason, Germany's
delay in pressing the fight against
England illustrates graphically the
unreadiness of the Nazis to seize their
greatest opportunity. Had Germany
been able to strike at once against
England in the wake of French cap-
itulation, the Battle of Britain might
be over or at its crisis now.
The obvious explanation of the de-
lay is that Nazi leadership from the
top down was wholly unprepared for
the sudden and utter collapse of
French resistance, or else completely

Kaiser Wilhelm. The 1914 "miracle"
of the first Battle of the Marne,
which saved France and paved the
way for ultimate German defeat,
could find its parallel in the Battle
of Britain if the delay enables Eng-
land to withstand the German all-
out attack.
Within the 50 days since the Battle
of France ended, some factors that
made England's peril terrible and
imminent have changed materially.
Elimination of the French fleet by
grim British action is one obvious
asset. That action removed Britain's
fear that her sea power might be
nearly matched by her German-Ital-
ian foes.
Britain has been able, too, to set
her defense house in much greater
order than it was when France fell.
For one thing, there has been oppor-
tunity to reorganize her mine de-

Students To Visit Camp Tomorrow:
Elaborate Display Of Exhibits
Planned AtBiological Station

>:
6
J

Senator Johnson
Fails To Secure
F.D.R.'sSupport
WASHINGTON, Aug. 2. - WP) -
President Roosevelt let it be known
today that he thought Senator Hi-
ram Johnson had changed a lot since
the veteran California Republican
supported him in 1932 and now could
not be considered a liberal or pro-
gressive Democrat.
The President was told at a press
conference that Johnson was running
for renomination on the Democratic,]

Between 2 and 5 p.m. tomorrow,1
students and faculty members at the
University Biological Station on
Douglas Lake near Cheboygan will be
awaiting the arrival of visitors from
the home port, Ann Arbor, and from
other sections of the state.
The biologists at the Station will
have an elaborate display of exhibits
prepared for their 13th annual Vis-
itors' Day in anticipation of a great
influx of strangers. For these strang-
ers, then, a few pointers on how to
reach the Station from Ann Arbor:
Frist plan on leaving at about 8
or 9 a.m. It's a good five or six hour
drive. Turn north on Main Street and

At Topinabee you'll see a large
Biological Station sign near a Stand-
ard Service Station, where you should
turn left. From then on the road is
posted with Station signs for eight
miles and you have reached your
destination.
Should you miss the first sign and
find yourself in Cheboygan, retrace
your steps about two miles to Shawl's
corners, where there is another Sta-
tion sign. Turn right there and fol-
low the Station signs about 11 miles,
and you're there.
Besides the regular teaching staff,
six visiting investigators are studying
biological problems at the Station