THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAE", JULY 21, 1940 SUNDAY. JULY 21. 1940 A War THE Of Words WORLD THIS WEEK Chicago Holds A Convention .4 THE WAR Box Score Of Sea War End Of Democratic Convention Signals Beginning Of America's Biggest Show In England In The East.. * # 0 .. 0 England's scornful silence in the face of Adolf Hitler's "last" offer of peace on Germany's terms indi- cated to a tensely waiting world that the island empire was ready at the end of this 46th week of the war to meet the Nazi threat of "total de- struction." Declaring that he saw no reason why the war should go ' on, and prophesying that if it does the Brit- ish Empire will be completely anni- hilated, Hitler presented Prime Min- ister Winston Churchill with the choice between acceptance of terms which Germany would impose as a victor nation and continuation of hostilities which could only end in the destruction of the empire. What his terms would be the Chancellor did not hint, but he made plain to England that she would have to sue for peace as a vanquished nation. Invasion Held Near The unofficial attitude of British leaders ' was that Hitler had said nothing new, and that his speech was designed primarily for home con- sumption, but the feeling was wide-; spread that the long-anticipated Battle of Britain was not far off.- The War Office at the same time announced a drastic shakeup in the high command in which Lieut. Gen. Sir Alan Brooke, recently general1 officer in charge of the Southern1 Command, takes over the post of Gen. Sir Edmund Ironside as Com-1 mander in Chief of the Home Forces.1 General Ironside was named Fieldf Marshal, andeViscount Gort, former- ly Commander of the British Expe- ditionary Force, Inspector Generalr of Forces for Training. Meanwhile Nazi air raiders struck swiftly at widely-separated sectorse of the British Isles, and more than 150 British pursuit ships and Ger- man bombers yesterday engaged in two gigantic dogfights over the Eng- lish Channel.a The importance of "nuisance val- ue" was clearly demonstrated this week when dynamic Japan oppor- tunistically moved to harass desper- ate Britannia and reaped herself excessive gains. Action was swift and determined in the archipelago kingdom. The powerful army clique high-pressured the comparatively peaceable cabinet of Admiral Mitsumasa Yonai out of the government and added another figure to the dictatorial hall of fame -Prince Fumimaro Konoye. Konoye found no difficulties in simulating the tactics of his six poli- tical bedmates in Europe. The Prince announced himself chief new formu- lator of national policy. He quickly looked to the South Seas where French Indo-China, the Dutch East Indies, British Burma and Siam lie with a flimsy armor of protection. Simultaneously Japan emphasized its on-the-war-path attitude by bold- ly informing the U.S. that the ma- rines in Shanghai must be disarmed as "apology" for a three-week old "insult" that arose over the arrest of 14 Japanese soldiers, out of uni- form in the International Settle- ment. And evidently when the cat is away the mice can play: Japanese war lords heard with satisfaction Winston Churchill ignore cries of "Munich!" to give Japan right of way in the Far East-Her demands for closing the Burma Road, vital supply artery for die-hard China are among the concessions that Churchill's diplo - matic surrender will include. How Japan's bluff will affect the United States is a question that world events have yet to answer. Defense Booms Business NEW YORK, July 20.-(')-The $10,000;000,000 defense program has given impetus to an unusual summera upswing in factory payrolls and em- ployment, business reports said to- day. Britain .. 7 France .. 3 Italy ... 1 Iran ... 1 Totals .. 12 (x) Tonnage unknown. 0) 0) 0 I- 0 1 0 0 0 1 of 29,705 20 76 60,073 1000 0 5,069 0 0 x 0 0 94,847 1020 76 unidentified ship to pick his own vice-presidential candidate. Here Democrats merely followed the lead of Republicans who two weeks earlier had, in deference to Willkie's wishes, forced the vice- presidential candidacy upon McNary, "the gogd soldier," who really didn't want it. But a packed-to-the-rafters con- vention crowd watched the party battles with the glee of ancient Ro- mans observing the Christians in the lions' pit, and warded off Chicago heat 'by consuming 55,000 bottles of pop. The garrulity was strong. Nomina- tion demonstrations were spurred on by the carefree crowd regardless of the candidate, and boos to shout down speakers were started by politicians with a purpose in mind, and taken up by the windy city's Democrats for the fun of it. Dark horse, white- haired Paul V. McNutt found him- self the unfortunate victim of the verbal persecutions and spent 15 min- utes in an effort to withdraw his name. When Wallace was named McNutt sat in his box hand-on- chin, ignoring photographers, ap- parently downcast, although presum- ably pensive. Losses by nations (includes naval vessels). Britain, 339; France, 40; Norway, 69; Germany, 60; Sweden, 46; Neth- erlands, 36; Greece, 31; Denmark, 30; Italy, 23; Finland, 15; Belgium, 18; Estonia, 6; Lithuania, 3; Yugo- slavia, 2; Poland, 1; Soviet, 1; Iran, 1; Argentina, 1; Rumania, 1; Japan, 1; Latvia, 1; Spain, 1. Total, 716. The World Last Night LONDON-Germans intensify air raids on British shipping, at least four Nazi bombers downed; Britain seen shifting partly to offensive plans while waiting Nazi invasion. BERLIN-Germany thunders a warning to submit or be destroyed at Britain, with Hitler apparently ready-to start Nazi war machine roll- ing if British reject his "last appeal to reason." ROME-Informed Fascist weekly declares landing of German troops in Britain is "logically a question of days." BUCHAREST-Lean Rumanian wheat forecasts reflects poor crop throughout Southeast Europe, prob- ably diminished exports to Germany. HAVANA-Secretary of State Hull arrives for opening of American For- eign Ministers conference; Hemi- sphere defense and economy draw chief interest. Speaker William B. Bankhead (left) of Alabama, who ran second in the Democratic vice-presidential balloting, wishes luck to Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace as they meet in Chicago the day after Wallace's selection as President Roosevelt's running mate. Mr. and Mrs. Average Citizen set- tled down at week's end to enjoy America's biggest show-a Presiden- tial campaign-as the Democratic National Convention ended with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Henry A. Wallace picked to oppose Wendell L. Willkie and Charles L. McNary at the polls in November. While the Chicago Tribune howled, "Draft Roosevelt and He'll Draft You," the Convention went ahead 'lnd, in a precedent-shattering but idely-expected move, drafted its strongest possible presidential can- didate and named as his running mate a man better fitted to counter McNary's popularity in the Western States than any other candidate it could have chosen. Relatively little difficulty was en- countered by Roosevelt leaders in securing the President's renomina- tion on the second ballot, except from precedent-bound, old-line Demo- crats, but wide dissatisfaction was felt with the choice of Wallace. Main point at issue was the fact that Wallace is no old-time Demo- cra . His nomination was heckled on the floor of the convention be- cause he was registered as a Repub- lican until 1936. The phrase, "a real Democrat," punctuated almost every seconding speech for Speaker Wil- liam Bankhead, Paul V. McNutt and James A. Farley, and one Bankhead supporter declared that "just be- cause the Republicans nominated a Democrat, we don't have to nomin- ate a Republican." Nevertheless, Administration wheel horses, led by Senator Byrd of Vir- ginia, hammered the delegates into line with the threat that Roosevelt would not run unless he were allowed Garner His Packs Old Kit Bag WASHINGTON, July 20. -('P)- Vice-President Garner, foe of a third term for Franklin Roosevelt, packed away some office belongings today, expressed his private views to a few Senatorial cronies and, friends said, made ready to quit the Capital. His friends said Garner planned to go to his Uvalde, Tex., home to vote in the primary elections on July 27, and might stay there, leaving Congress, the Administration and the Democratic Party to their own de- vices. Garner declined to say whether he had sent any congratulatory message to the President or Wallace, but friends said they understood. he had not. Fifteen To Two The German box score of the fight had 15 British planes shot down, as' against two German, while the Brit- ish tallied eleven German planes de- stroyed as against five British. Parliament was told last week in plain, matter-of-fact language by Prime Minister Churchill that she must bow to Japan's demands that the British stop sending aid to China. While cries of "appeasement" and "Munich" rang through the Com- mons, Churchill declared that the immediate danger of invasion at home was such that England could not afford to become embroiled with Japan, and he reiterated Britain's oft-expressed desire to contribute to "a process of peace and conciliation between Japan and China." In France... * Thirty-thousand Jews in Paris, many of them German, Austrian, or Czechoslovakian refugees, have de- cided to run no farther from Hitler. All that is left of the capital's 200,000 Jewish population, have begun timidly to open up their smallshops, some of them even acting as guides for sightseeing German officers. Every foreign consulate is besieged by crowds of Jews seeking visas, but since wire and postal communications are completely cut off, it has been impossible, reports say, for any of these to be aided. The Soviet Con- sulate has turned away thousands of Jews of Russian birth "pending re- ceipt of instructions from Moscow." Observers declare, however, that rumors of any sort of census of Paris' Jewish population are mere inven- tion. An official at the Israelite Con- sistory told a representative of the New York Times: "Marshal Petain's French Govern- ment alone will decide what is go- ing to happen to us. Probably Mar- shal Petain will see fit to decree some restrictions, but we are con- fident they will prove far from the catastrophes our pessimists predict." In Germany... Goose-stepping Nazi legions par- aded victoriously down Unter den Linden in Berlin last week as Ger- many celebrated the return of the men and machines that conquered France. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goeb- bels told the troops: "You have just one more battle to win-then bells of peace will ring." When the in- vasion of the British Isles has brought its reward, Goebbels said, "we will build a better Europe." Hitler's virtual ultimatum to the British Government was regarded in German circles as a sane appeal to reason, and instrumental in eliciting flirtmhninh~arfr2 C .1nr-rf o f Der, Fuehrer Looks HE BRITISH ISLES have the world's greatest shipyards, banks with tremendous economic power, " unlimited coal resources, forests of smoke-stacks. It is, says Hitler, one LEGEND of his war aims to divest Britain of her economic power. NAVAL BASES Up to 1850 British factories were without real competition. Since thenM many nations have challenged Brit- COASTAL DEFENSE IN' ish industrial supremacy. In the Cri- mean war the English bested Russia, INDUSTRIAL AREAS- In the first World War they knocked COAL aside Germany. Now Britain isI threatened again by a great!indust- IRON ORE rial power - Germany - a country SMELTING WORKS- that already has far outstripped her in producing finished iron and steel. 'CATTLE Italy, Japan, the U. S. are other SHEEP industrial powers making inroads in- to British markets, PIGS- England Soul Of Empire WHEAT- The British Isles (94,000 square GENERAL AGRICULTUI miles against Germany's.262,924) are head, heart, and soul, of the Brit- ish Empire -greatest empire the. world has ever known. Every raw material that an industrial country needs is found somewhere in the em- pire. (The United States and its possessions have most things-but lack nickel, rubber, tin.) The Brit- ish Isles themselves export annually. 35,000,000 or more tons of coal-and coal has for 100 years been the foun- dation of British economic strength. In England a surprisingly high number of persons live normally on income from investments. Most of a the population is in London or the industrial areas. Only 7 per cent of the population lives off the land. It is CLFDEN said that at one time in World WarA 1 England had food for only two A weeks. England climbed to world su-. premacy by sacrificing self-suffi- ciency. Her ships must come in. England Divides Work Here's how England divides her - work: London - Commerce, marketing; politics; some manufacturing, bank-. - ers. South Wales (Cardiff, Bristol- - Coal; metal refining; iron and steel processing. This is the "depressed area." The Duke of Windsor, when. he was King Edward VIII, said something should be done about pov- erty, disease and squalor of workers In this region. Birmingham area - Manufactur- A T L A J ing; coal; iron ore. This is "Black. England," home of heavy industries. Liverpool. Manchester-Iron and. To England's Industrial Wealth Pan-American Meeting Faces Crucial Task By KIRKE L. SIMPSON AMID SUSPENSE, deepened by Hitler's surrender-or-die ultima- tum to England ,the world's atten- tion turns to peaceful events else- where of hardly less potential sig- nificance. Another island, serene and beau- tiful in a new world tropical set- ting, is the stage for events of a na- ture which could go even farther to influence world destiny than the im- mediate fate of England. In Cuba, the Pan-American Con- ference is gathering in the most im- portant meeting that the new world international family council ever has held. Down all the years since the begin- ning of the dream of Western Hemi- sphere solidarity to insulate the New World against the wars and ills of the old, there has never been an hour of greater peril-and of greater promise-for that concept. If there was ever a golden oppor- tunity for realization of that dream, it is now. The peaceful gathering of representatives of equal and friendly national sovereignties of the New World at Havana is bordered by a war-torn world. A dozen nations in Europe, great and small, strew the wake of the Nazi conqueror with their wreckage. European Famine Looms- Up Ominous echoes of the war in Eu- rope and the chaos that must long follow there, whatever the military outcome, form their own meaningful accompaniment for the Havana Con- ference. . There is a rising chorus of prediction of winter famine in Eu- rope on a scale never before known. A winter of want in Europe among the millions trampled by the war, many of them innocent bystanders would have worldwide repercussions Across the Atlantic the New World is a bulging storehouse of plenty, an alluring objective for an all-con- quering Rome-Berlin Axis alliance, already wresting food reserves from conquered countries to feed its own armies and peoples. The form that aggression in the Americas takes-whether economic or military, or through "fifth cl- umn" machinations-is less imme- diately important than the certainty that it will come'in some form. The Havana conferees can have no seri- ous doubt of that, for all Hitler's renewed assurances that he has no ambitions in this part of the world. Under War Influence Day to day developments of the Battle of Britain will have a strong influence on the Havana delibera- tions. The imminence of the- danger for the Americas, if not their ulti- mate security, is bound up closely with the fate of Britain's fleet. What may happen within weeks or days to that fleet, or to indicate its future disposition if England herself falls, will be a matter of vital consequence to the Americas in conference as- sembled. Hitler's Reichstag speech, with its pistol-point threat of utter destruc- tions of England and her Empire, gave the Havana conference and the world at least a hint of what he ex- pects to happen., In effect it says that the German all-out attack on Englan4/will drive Churchill and the British Govern- ment to refuge in some other part of the British Empire. 'No Furthmer Ambtion' That would bring the war into the Western Hemisphere, presumably see Canada become the base of the refugee government of the British Empire. Hitler asserts that he has no intention of reaching beyond Eu- rope in the establishment of the Axis "new order," but he also inti- mates that he planned to follow a resisting British Empire government wherever it went. and to destroy it. This is a matter of increasing con- cern to the Americas. The strongest card for unity Sec- retary Hull has to play as representa- tive of the United States at Havana would seem to be this: Despite a red-hot Presidential campaign in this country, the rival candidates and party platforms are both pledged to the "total defense" motto, a two- ocean navy and air power to match and supplement it. That makes a collective Pan-American Monroe Doctrine of "one-for-all-and-all-for / -one" nearer realization than it ever has been. Michigan Orders Reach Twenty-Five Millions DETROIT, July 20.-UP)--Mich- igan and Detroit industry will re- ceive a "transfusion" of more than $25,000,000 for British war orders and contracts to bolster national