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Editorials
Alva Johnston
And Jimmy Roosevelt,

Offcial Publication Of The Summer Session
IVOL XLVMI No. 7 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, JULY 3, 1938

PRICE FIVE CENTS

U.S. Warships
SRush To China
Port To Assist
In Evacuation
Japanese Bombing Attacks
On Swatow Cause Move'
Of Destroyer, Gunboat1
British Ship Also
Posted At Swatow'
HONGKONG, July 2 -(A)- Two
United States warships were reported
rushing to the South China port of
Swatow today to take part in prob-
able evacuation of all foreigners asf
a result of Japanese bombing attacks.
Evacuation of foreigners appeared
likely tonight after Japanese planes -
staged the second attack in two daysY
on Swatow.
Today's casualties were reported<
limited because the attack was di-
rected only against a railway station
and because the bulk of the populace.t
had fled to the countryside after
yesterday's devastating bombardment(
of civilian centers.
500 Casualties Reported t
Estimates of the two days' casu-<
alties placed the number at 500
killed and wounded, including 200
school children.
The United States Destroyer Edsall
and the gunboat Tulsa were reported
steaming to Swatow to join the gun-
boat Sacramento for protection of
American lives and property and pos-
sible evacuation.
Further attacks upon Swatow were
feared. American residents, most of
whom live on a small island opposite
the Chinese area, were said to- be
ready for immediate evacuation un-
der the direction of Consul Whitney
Young of New York.
(Sixty-nine Americans have been
reported in the Swatow consular dis-
trict and 25 in Swatow itself). l
Added to the aerial terror were
spasmodic shellings by a score of Jap-
anese battleships maneuvering of f-
shore.
British Gunboat Stands By
The British gunboat Dainty alsot
was standing by at Swatow and it1
was reported a number of the foreign1
consuls now were urging evacuation
of their nationals with the American
and British Craft as places of refuge.
It also. was reported, but not of-
ficially confirmed, that some Ameyi-
cans already had taken temporary re-
fuge on ,the Sacrarento develop-
rments, since the island on whicht
they live is not within the foreign
concession and is well within the
range of Japanese fire.t
American consular authorities here
were awaiting confirmation of reportsl
American property was damaged in
yesterday's raid.
At Ossining, N. Y., the Catholic
foreign missions announced that the1
Rev. William Downs of the Maryknollt
Mission was seriously wounded in a
bombing raid at Swatow).
Japs Attack On Yangtzej
SHANGHAI, July 2-()-The Jap-
anese air and naval onslaught up
the Yangtze River toward the Chi-
nese provisional capital of Hankow
spurted into sudden bloody action
today about which the invaders pin-
ned an ominus veil of secrecy.
The Chinese admitted the Japan-
ese steamed a small transport in highS
water over the sunken boom at Mat-
owchen, after many days' pounding
at this defense, and landed several
hundred Japanese shock troops at 'a
village four miles upstream.

This was done by running a gaunt-
let of steady Chinese machine-gun
fire from the banks and as soon as
the invaders landed they attacked
Chinese positions in sanguinary
fighting which continued hours later.
Japanese military authorities were
silent on this advance, a fact which
led foreign observers to believe the
Japanese were about to announce
their forces already had reached Hu-a
kow, their next immediate objective
and key to a wide area to the south
and west of their present positions.
In engaging the Chinese above the
Matowchen boom, the Japanese for
the first time carried thier fighting
into' Kiangsi province, of 70,000
square miles and a 23,000,000 popu-
lation, lying south of the river.
Michigan Is Awarded
Federal Music Project
DETROIT, July 2.-(A)-Announce-
ment that Michigan has been allotted
$500,000 for a Federal Works Pro-
gress Administration music project

Engineering Symposium Opens
With Talk On Fatigue Testing

Dr. Horger Describes Test
Intended To Improve
Designs For Rail Axles
By BETSEY ANDERSON
The symposium on the physical
properties of materials held by thef
department of engineering mechanics
of the College of Engineering, under
the direction of Prof. Stephen Timo-
shenko opened yesterday with a talk
on "Locomotive Axle Testing," by Dr.
0. J. Horger
Dr. Horger, who is a research engi-
neer at the Timken Roller Bearing,
Co., Canton, O., described the labor-
atory fatigue tests of full size 11 /2
inch diameter locomotive axles.
The purpose of the tests, he
explained, is to determine improved
designs for axles, since with the ad-
vent of higher railroad speeds in the
last ten years, axle failures in service
have greatly increased. In the course
of a year, some railroads find as many
as five to twenty-five per cent of the
locomotive and car axles cracked, he
stated. As replacement is costly, bet-
ter designs are being sought.
The Timken Roller Bearing Co. has
designed a special fatigue testing
machine, capable of testing axles up
to 14 inches in diameter. The ma-
chine is the largest of its kind. Full
size tests are necessary, he pointed

out, since small models are not re-
liable in fatigue testing.
The axles tested by the maphine
showed fatigue cracks developing at
such low nominally calculated bend-
ing stresses as 10,500 pounds per
square inch he claimed. It was dis-
covered that the propagation of fa-
tigue cracks is considerably reduced
by rolling the axle wheel seat. Con-
sequently, it was found that with-
Dut rolling the axle breaks off in 20,
500 equivalent miles at 19,000 pounds
per square inch whereas a similar
axle, which has been rolled at the
wheel seat, operates 25 times as long.
In 'addition to rolling, it was also,
found that by changing the shape of
the axle, the strength could be in-
creased about 25 per cent.
The initial studies for this inves-
tigation were made while Mr. Horger
was studying under Prof. Timoshenko
and Prof. Edward L. Ericken here. He
received his doctorate from the Uni-
versity in 1935 and now is in charge
of all the research being done at the
Timken plant now in the field of
Fatigue.
The symposium, which includes
both talks and discussions, was held
from 9 a.m. to noon yesterday in the
West Engineering Building and will
take place every Saturday morning
for the next six weeks. The different
lectures will be announced later. Two
men will speak next week.


Anglo - German
Debt Agreement
Plans Advanced
Chamberlain Sees Accord
Hastening Appeasement
Of Powers In Europe
LONDON, July 2-(RP)-Great Brit-
ain's debt settlement with Germany
gave a fresh impetus today to Prime
Minister Neville Chamberlain's am-j
bitious plans for a general Europeanl
appeasement. k
Talk of possible early approach1
toward the broad political issues now,
keeping Europe in a state of fear fol-
lowed quickly on the heels of yester-
day's agreement on thorny Anglo-
German financial questions.
Other factors also contributed to
an improved feeling about the future,
especially in London's financial quar-
ters, which are quick to react to any
turn in the European situation.
These factors included:l
Cessation of Spanish Insurgent at-
tacks- on British shipping, which ,hadj
made political trouble for Chamber-
lain at home and had threatened to
wreck his still inoperative friendship
agreement with Italy.
Possible early operation of the
long-sleeping British plan for with-
drawal of foreign fighters in the
Spainish war.
Settlement of Turkish-French dif-
ferences over the Sanjak of Aiex-
andretta, with the agreement Fri-
day to exercise joint control seen
as setting up a formidable British-
French-Turkish bloc in the middle
cast.
The bitter Commons-Cabinet clash
over the threatened use of the of-
ficial secrets act to silence criticism
of defense plans by members of
Parliment passed into the committee
inquiry stage, thus taking the fire
off Chamberlain temporarily on that
problem.
Presbyterians
HoldSupperi
Discussion To Follow In
First Program

Varied Topics
Offered For
Sermons Here
Chicago Minister To Bei
. In Charge Of Unitarian
Summer Church Services
Rev. William H. Wilson, minister ofl
the Third Unitarian Church of Chi-;
cago, will be in charge of summer
services at the Unitarian church. His
first sermon will be entitled "A Dec-
laration of Religious Independence."
Reverend Wilson is well known in
the Unitarian church and has re-
cently dedicated a new church build-
ing in west side Chicago, done in a
modern architectural style. He has
been active in Chicago's campaign toI
clean up the evils in the school sys-
tem. He was president of the Unitar-
ian Fellowship for Social Justice last
year and also secretary of the Hu-
manist Press Association. He is a1
graduate of Boston University and
has received a master's degree from
the University of Chicago. He served
in the United States air corps during
the World War.
Regular Sunday services will be;
offered at 10:45 a.m. in the Firsti
Methodist church. The choir under
the leadership of Achilles Taliaferro,
will sing "Send Out Thy Light" by
Gounod; "Let My Prayer Come Up
Into Thy Presence" by Purcell; and
"The King of Love My Shepherd Is"!
by' Bach.
At 6 p.m. Dean James Edmundson
of the education school will speak to
the Wesleyan Guild on "Why de-
mands on Character-Building Agen-
cies Are Changing." The group will
attend the campus vespers.

First Campus
Vesper To Be
ThisEveing
t11opkins To Speak On 'The
Dawning Renaissance';
New Chorus Will Sing
To Hold Ceremony
I Graduate School
By CARL PETERSEN
The initial Campus Vesper of the
Summer Session will be held at 7:30
p.m. today in the Graduate School
Auditorium at which time Prof. Louis
A. Hopkins,' director of the Session,
will give the director's greeting to
the students.
The newly - organized Summer
Chorus, directed by Prof. David A.
Mattern of the Music School will lead
the singing, and H. W. Schaffer of
the Grtnnell Music Co. will be at the
console of the organ temporarily in-
stalled for the occasion. Rev. W. P.
Lemon, president of the Ann Arbor
Ministerial Association, will offer the
invocation.
To Speak On Renaissance
Dr. Hopkins, in his greeting, will
speak on "The Dawning Renais-
sance."
In the five years of Dr. Hopkins'
directorship of the Summer Session,
the enrollment has continually in-
creased. During the fall and spring
sessions of the University he con-
ducts classes in celestial mechanics.
is secretary of the University Coun-
cil, a group of faculty and adminis-
trators which he organized eight
years ago to conduct the general ad-
ministration of the University and is
secretary of the University Senate,
composed of the entire faculty. He
has held the latter post for 10 years
and has served in the past as secre-
tary of the Colleges of Engineering
and Architecture. Professor Hopkins
is a graduate of Butler University,
but received his advanced degrees
from the University of Chicago.
'Occasion Of Beauty'
"Our Vesper is not aimed-to -be an-
other preaching service, nor a holy
mass, but an occasion of beauty and
relaxation in the mood of praise,"
said Dr. Edward W. Blakeman, coun-
selor in Religious Education, who
will offer the benediction at the fin-
ish of today's Vesper. Bernard Re-
gier will sing the baritone solo, "O
Loving Father," by Del Regio and
will be accompanied by Ernest Hares..
The program follows:
Call to Worship, Prof. Wilmot F.
Pratt, University carillonneur; As-
sembly Singing, "America, the Beau-
tiful" and "America"; invocation, Dr.
Lemon; baritome solo, "O Loving
Father," Bernard Regier; Address,
"The Dawning Renaissance," Dr.
Hopkins; assembly singing, "Holy,
Holy, Holy" and "Dear Lord and
Father of Mankind"; benediction, Dr.
Blakeman.
Two more vespers will be held dur-
ing the Summer Session at the Li-
brary terrace, the second at 7:30 p.m.
July 17 and the third and final ves-
per of the Summer Session at 7:30
p.m. Aug. 7.

PROF. LOUIS A. HOPKINS
Gott Library
Is Presented
To Universityr
Collection Will Be Housed
In Clements Library;s
Books 150 Years Olde
A present of an eighteenth-century1
library" once belonging to Dr. Na-
thaniel Gott, the ancestor of the oldr
Ann Arbor Gott family, has been
made to the University by Johnr
Miner, class of 1913. Mr. Miner, who
lives in Chevy Chase, Md., is the
great-great grandson of Dr. Gott,
and stated in a letter to the WilliamL
L. Clements library, the future home 1
of the collection, that the uniqueness
of. the books lies in their age and
subject-matter and the fact that the
descendants of Nathaniel Gott were
once the leading citizens of Ann Ar-
bor.
The volumes in the physicians li-
brary deal principally with medicine
and religion, and such ones as "The
Morbid Anatomy of the Human
Body," published in 1795, and "A
Treatise on Operations of Surgery,"
published in 1758, are especially in-
teresting for their accounts of disease
curing and surgery before the days
of anesthesia.
Both Gott and Miner streets, lo-k
cated on the west side of Ann Arbor,
are named after the Gott familya
which once owned extensive farm
lands in the suburbs of town. Jamest
B. Gott, the grandson of Nathaniel
Gott, was a lifetime resident of Ann
Arbor, and was a personal friend of1
James B. Angell, former president of
the University. He practised law here
for thirty years, was a member of the
school board, and, as an old news-
paper account observes, "was an en-
thusiastic friend of the University of
Michigan and was an early advocate
of the admission of female students
nto that institution."
Peking Dean
To Talk Here
Dr. Hu Shi To Open F;
Eastern Lectures
Dr. Hu Shih, Dean of the College of
Arts of the National University of
Peking, China, will open the special
lecture series in conjunction with the
Institute of Far - Eastern Studies
when he speaks at 4:30 p.m. Tuesday
in the Graduate School Auditorium
on "Political Ideas in Ancient Chi-
nese Thought."
Dr. Hu will continue his group of
four lectures during the week, speak-
ing Wednesday on "Political and
Social Development in Medieval Chi-
na"; Thursday, on "Political and
Social Development in Modern Chi-
na," and concluding his stay in Ann
Arbor Fridaycspeaking on "The Chi-
nese Renaissance in Literature and
Education."
Dr. Hu, who received his A.B. from
Cornell and his Ph.D. from Colum-
bia has published many books on
Chinese philosophy, among them
"The History of Chinese Philosophy,"
and "The Development of Logical
Method in Ancient China."
In 1931, Dr. Hu, who has been
awarded honorary L.L.D. degrees by
the University of Hongkong and
Harvard University, was made chair-
man of the annual conference of the
Institute of Pacific Relations held
in Shanghai and the following year
was elected a corresponding mem-
ber of the Prussian Academy of
Learning.

MICHIGAN DAILY TRYOUTS
Summer Session students wish-

111rs. IV ood ly
13eat s Jacobs
For 8th Title
WIMBLEDON, England, July 2.-
(IP)-Peerless Helen Wills Moody
thrashed Helen Jacobs, her Cali-
fornia rival of more than a decade,
on Wimbledon's center court today in
one of the most tragic personal bat-
tles in the history of the All-England
tennis championships.
Foredoomed to a final stroke of
misfortune after overcoming the
handicap of a shoulder injury earlier
in the tournament, Miss Jacobs pulled
a tendon in an already injured right
leg in the ninth game of the opening
set, hobbled through the next seven
pathetic games and was beaten, 6-4
6-0.
The victory lifted Mrs. Moody to
her eighth title-a record in the
history of this old historic club. It,
set the crown on one of the most
notable comebacks in sporting his-
tory. It wasa major link in an un-
precedented All-American sweep of
Wimbledon's five titles. And it rolled
up an old and bitter controversy.
Prof. Wilson
Wi 1 Discuss
Wars, Force
Talk To Be First In Series
By The Summer Session{
Faculty Speakers Here
"War Declared and the Use of
Force" will be the subject of the first
public lecture to be given by a mem-
ber of the faculty of the Sumer Ses-
sion on International Law, at 8 p.m.,
Tuesday, July 5, in the small audi-
torium of the Horace H. Rackham
School of Graduate Studies. Prof.
George Grafton Wilson of Harvard
University will deliver the lecture.
He will attempt to outline the his-
tory of war with regard to the legal
aspects of the declaration of war and
the opening of hostilities without for-
mal declarations of war, including a
discussion of the effectiveness of the
Covenant of the League of Nations
with regard to the use of force with-
out declaration of war.
Professor Wilson is a recognized
authority on the legal implications of
war, and conducts courses in the
Summer Session dealing with terri-
torial waters, .neutrality and aerial
war.
On Monday, July 11, Prof. Percy E.
Corbett of McGill University will
speak on "Conflicting Doctrines of
the Foundations of International
Law." Monday, July 18, Mr. George
A. Finch, managing editor of the
American Journal of International
Law will speak on "Justiciable and
Non-Justiciable Disputes"; and on
the following Monday Prof. Jesse S.
Reeves of the political science depart-
ment will speak on "International
Boundaries."
All these lectures are by members
of the faculty of the Summer Session
on international Law and are open
to the public without charge.
Spending Plans
GatherImpetus
PWA Approves 56 New
Construction Projects

WASHINGTON, July 2-(AP)-Two
government ,agencies-shock troops
in the spending and lending attack
on the depression-disclosed today
that they had ordered additional mil-
lions of dollars to the front line.
The Public Works Administration
approved 56 additional projects in
17 states. It was agreed to grant
$4,371,939 and lend $19,000 (correct)
to finance them.
At the same time the Federal
Surplus Commodities Corporation
announced it had bought $8,000,000
worth of flour and wheat cereal pro-
ducts this week to be distributed free
to families on relief.

To Address Vesper

Record Shattered
As Enrolled Hits
An All-Time Peak

Incomplete Figures Show
Over 5,400 Registered
For '38 Summer Session
Second Tine Total
Has Passed 5,000
An all-time high in Summer Ses-
sion enrollment was assured the 45th
annual session last night when fig-
ures released by Miss Marian Wil-
liams, University statistician, showed
a total enrollment to date of 5,404
far surpassing the final figure of 5,-
110 set by last year's Summer Ses-
sion.
With complete figures from short
courses, camps and seminars not yet
available, University officials pre-
dicted that the final total would be
substantially greater than the present
mark.
This year marks the seconmd time
in the 45-year history of the ses-
sion that the enrollment figure has
passed the 5,000 mark, and makes the
45th session the 11th consecutive
session to chalk up a substantial in-
crease over the preceding year.
The greatest single factor in set-
ting the new mark was the -Graduate
School, whose enrollment to date of
3,086 constitutes roughly two-thirds
of the total University enrollment.
The engineering college and the
literary college continued to show
marked increases over last year's fig-
ures with the engineers' mark of
454 indicating a 35 per cent increase
over last year and the literary col-
lege figure of 768 showing a 13 per
cent increase.
Enrollment figures show nearly two
men enrolled to every one woman; in
exact figures 3,429 men as compared
with 1,975 women.
At the corresponding date last
year the total enrollment was 4,777
showing an increase this year of 13
per cent over last year's mark.
Postpone Trip
To Ford Plant
Excursion To Greenfield
VillageSubstituted
Due to the suspension of activity
in the Ford Motor Company's plant,
during the week of July 4, the sched-
uled July 6 tour of the plant has
been postponed until July 20, Prof.
Louis Rouse, director of the excur-
sions announced yesterday.
In its place, the excursion to Green-
field Village, planned for July 20
has been substituted, and the date
of the first Ford excursion will be
held on July 13 and the second on
July 20. The other Greenfield Vil-
lage tour will be made as scheduled,
on July 23.
Greenfield Village is a typical cen-
tral Michigan town of four score
years ago which Henry Ford has re-
constructed in Dearborn from ac-
tual historical materials, complete
with the whitesteepled ch'urch, the
red-brick school house, the tavern,
the colonial style town hall, the coun-
try store, the toll gate, the tin-type
gallery, the post-office and the black-
smith shop.
To this community, Mr. Ford has
also had transferred buildings and
equipment from Thomas A. Edison's
original Menlo Park Laboratory, his
library and Menlo Park factory.
Buses will leave Angell Hall at 1
p.m. Wednesday and will return at
5:45 p.m. The expenses will include
$1 bus fare and 25 cents admission
to the Village.
Monopoly Inquiry
Seen Election Issue
WASHINGTON, July 2-(P)-The

rAdministration-sponsored investiga-
tion of monopoly may provide a ma-
jor issue for the Congressional elec-
tion campaign.
Members of the investigating com-
mittee said today that hearings
might be in full swing during the
final months of the. campaign. Hear-
1 ings could not be started before a
month'or so from now, they said, be-
cause the committee must first make
a preliminary fact-gathering survey.
Politicians observed that public
questioning of witnesses might pro-

Exhibit Of Chinese Ceramics
To Be Put On Display Tuesday

The first of a

series of exhibits

A series of discussion programs,
especially designed for Summer Ses-
sion students, will be opened at 6:30
p.m. today at the First Presbyterian
Church on Washtenaw Ave. The
program will be preceded by a lawn
supper at 5:30 p.m.
The subject for discussion at the
initial meeting will be "What Do
Christians Believe?" led by Kenneth
Morgan, director of the Student Re-
ligious Association. The programs,
which'will be held each Sunday eve-
ning through Aug. 14, will be con-
ducted by University men and of-
ficials of the church.
The programs for the summer fol-
low:
July 10, "The Book of Job as a
Greek Drama," led by Dr. W. P. Lem-

sponsored by the Institute of Fart
Eastern Studies and arranged underc
the auspices of the Institute of Fine"
Arts will open Tuesday in the mainj
lobby of the Architecture Building.
The exhibit is one of early Chinese
pottery, displays in which range from
the prehistoric period to the Sung
dynasty which ended in 1280 A.D.
The purpose of the display, ac-
cording to Prof. James M. Plumer of
the Institute of Fine Arts, who ar-
ranged it, is"toarrange a survey
of the early Chinese ceramic wares,]
in part to show the various uses and
the techniques of manufacture, and
mdre especially by combined ar-
rangement of art objects and ar-
chaeological material to call atten-
tion to certain problems /in scholar-
siph and to indicate the means of
solving them that are being em-
ployed at the University."
Professor Plumer pointed out that
the exhibit, which is open every day
except Sunday from 8 to 12 a.m. and
1:30 to 4:30 p.m., illustrates very
clearly three salient facts regarding
research in Chinese ceramics:
T+''i~ft_ heaicp notterv dating is

Second, since, by combining va-
rious types of clay and glaze under
different firing conditions, it is pos-
sible to get unlimited variation in
composition and appearance in pot-
tery, there is a wide field of research
open in reconstruction of the tech-
nical art of the Chinese potter;
Finally, since the problem of how
Chinese ceramics were prepared-
what tools, moulds, digging imple-
ments for clay, painting utensils, etc.
were used-has never been fully an-
swered, much investigation with the
practical potter is needed along this
line.
The earliest piece of pottery shown
in the exhibit is a painted red earth-
enware jar of the Yang Shao culture,
f the late Neolithic period. Pieces
shown range progressively upward
through the six periods of early Chi-
nese ceramics to the final period of
the Sung dynasty, which includes
many of the most famous wares in
Chinese ceramics.
Not only does the exhibit include
complete works in priceless pottery
and statuary, it also gives much space
to broken pieces, valuable from an
archaeological, rather than an aes-
thetic. viewpoint.