THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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Edited and managed by students df the University of
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'ember, Associated Collegiate Press, 193719
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Board of Editors'
MANAGING EDITOR.. IRVING.SILVERMAN
City Editor . . .....Robert I. Fitzhenry
Asistant Editors . . . Mel Fineberg,
Joseph? Gies, Elliot Maraniss, Ben M. Marino,
Carl Petersen, Suzanne Potter, .Harry L.,
Sonneborn.
Business Department
BUSINESS MANAGER... . ERNEST A. JONES
gredit Manager . . . Norman Steinberg
Circulation Manager . . J. Cameron Hall
Assistants * . Philip Buchen, Walter Stebens
NIGHT EDITOR--ROBERT I. FITZHENRY
The editorials published in The Michigan
Daily are written by members of the Daily
staff and represent the views of .the writers
only.
It is important for society to avoid the
neglect of adults, but positively dangerous
for it to thwart the ambition of youth to
reform the world. Only the schools which
ict on this belief are educational ,institu-
tions in the best meaning of the term.
-Alexander G. Ruthven.
Business Starts
Uphill Again...
T'E FUNDAMENTAL develppment in
America during the past month has
been almost unheralded on the front pages of
the Nation's press. It is this: American economic
life has definitely entered upon a period of
aeelerated activity. The weekly business indices
of every major agency report sharp and con-
tinued gains. The stock market closed over the
Weekend at the highest level' of the year. Steel,
electric power, and automobile production are
all increasing in a contra-seasonal trend. A
group of 22 outstanding American economists
save to the Associated Press as their concensus
of opinion a prediction of business recovery in
the fall.
.There are those who would explain the sharp
change in the economic situation by what they
term "natural reasons." They say that the banks
have been fundamentally sound, and have ample
credit reserves. Inventories have been depleted
s nd must be; replenished;-the spring initiative of
the automobile ndustry in forcing its used cars
off the market, has renewed the demand for new
cars and a consequent upturn is impending.
Such ,explanations of the recovery are not
sufficient. Nothing in business life transpires from
purely "natural" reasons. Somewhere in every
business movement there is, consdious decision
and planning, be it that of private uncoordinated
individuals or of governmental agencies. If we
examine the present movement critically, we will
find that the key acts and stimuli within it are
not those of private initiative, but the direct
action of the Federal government.
The Federal government is acting on many
fronts.. Tho new farm laws are- undoubtedly the
major cause for the continued firmness in
price of agricultural commodities in the face of
the greatest grain crop since 1915. The agricul-
tural outlook is in turn, reflected in augmented
sales prospects for automobile producers for the
'fourth quarter. The partial operation of the
Social Security Act has cushioned somewhat-
even though meagerly-the critical state of un-

employment throughout the country. The Gov-
ernment has made ample industrial credit avail-
able. Most spectacular of all has been the tremen-
dous material and psychological effect on the
so-called 'business community" of the govern-
nent's-vast spending program.
Whether the 1937-1938 crisis came because of
the monopolistic stupidity of certain American
corporations, because of the deliberate sabotage
of certain financial groups, or because of a
general psychosis of fear is unknown; but the
cause of the current upturn is clearly the initia-
tive and directive effort of the organized will of
the people--i.e.-the government of the United
States.
We must not, however, expect these new
developments to still the agonized protests of the
conservative opposition. They will howl just as
loudly in a prosperity as they did in adversity.
They will wail ad nauseam about "government
interference with business"; about "confiscatory
taxation"; about the staggering national debt;
about the twilight of American liberty.
We, ourselves, on the other hand, must not be
swayed by their gilded anguish. We must realize
that "government interference with business"
is merely the attempt of the people to extend

otherwise might have perished. We have new
highways, new parks, and new buildings to dis-
play; and these will remain for the use of the
people long after the paper bonds that built
them have mouldered to dust.
Theodore White
The Democratic Ideal
In The University ...
HE QUESTION of what constitutes
a democratic educational institution
is one that has been dragged through many a
bull session. In a few notable cases it has reached
the point of discussion by regents or trustees;
and actid'n has been taken by certain of these
groups, with the result that true democratic
ideals of government have been applied to uni-
versities.
Classic examples of student self-government
are the University of London, and, in this coun-
try, the University of Wisconsin. The principle
applied is the same in both cases, but the ideal
is carried farther at London than it is at Wiscon-
sin.
All of the students at the University of London
are associated in a body known as the Associated
Students of the University of London. This body
meets at the beginning of each school year and
appoints committees to submit budgets for vari-
dus campus organizations and projects.
The University of London student body is
allowed a set amount of tot'al tuition paid to
spend during the year as the student body sees
fit. The various budgets are submitted to a
meeting of the entire student body for vote, and
the school budget for the year is agreed upon.
Needless to say, the entire student body is never
present at any one meeting, but the attendance
averages as high as 88 per cent, and at the
budget meetings as high as 94 per cent.
Under this plan, all subscriptions to magazines
for the student commons rooms, all furnishings
for these rooms, all athletic equipment such as
uniforms, racing shells, and buildings, and any
other expenditures excepting only those pertain-
ing to academic considerations, such as teachers'
salaries, classroom equipment, and the like, are
apportioned and paid for by the Associated
Students of the University of London. Academic
expenditures are taken care of by the trustees of
the university, through endowments and other
income from tuition.
At the head of this column you may read that
Alexander Grant Ruthven once said, "It is im-
portant for society to avoid the neglect of adults,
but positively dangerous for it to thwart the
ambition of youth to reform the world." The am-
bition of youth to reform the world, if released
in the university, where careful, if not always
conservative, planning is a necessity, may well
receive the conditioning and tempering that will
make it a force to be sanely reckoned with when
it reaches influential positions.
You may also read at the head of this column
'that "Only the schools which act on this belief
ar4e educational institutions in the best mean-
ing of the term." Only those schools which have
some measure of student self-government and
uncensored student publications; in short, those
schools which are democratic educational insti-
tutions are the ones which do not thwart the
ambition of youth to "reform the world."
-Harry L. Sonneborn.
Frontier Incident
In Siberia.
FRIDAY'S BORDER CLASH between
a Russian frontier guard and a de-
tachment of Japanese troops again brings for-
ward the fear of a conflict in the Far East be-
tween these two powers. The incident was an-
other in a series of such occurrences which have
become almost monotonously frequent in the
past few years.
According to Soviet reports, two groups of
Japanese and Manchoukuan infantry attempted
to seize a hill near Lake Khasan which was under
dispute last week, and were repulsed with casual-
ties on both sides. "Soviet public opinion," the
Moscof dispatch in the New York Herald says,
"regards today's incident as a Japanese attempt
to measure Soviet strength by overt action, as
the protest last week of Japanese Ambassador
Mamoru Shigemitsu was an attempt to measure

it in diplomacy." Previously, ,Ambassador Shige-
mitsu had told Maxim Litvinoff, Soviet Foreign
Commissar, that unless the Soviet withdrew its
forces from the hill "there would be no alterna-
tive except -force." The Tokyo Foreign Office has
since disclaimed any threat.
The pattern of this particular border incident
indicates little likelihood of a war growing out
of it. The bit of territory involved is of little
importance and it is scarcely conceivable that
Japan would go to war with Russia over it in
ordinary times, let alone when the army is already
involved in a major struggle with China. The
Tokyo Foreign Office, however, is fond of bluff-
ing, and is particularly susceptible to quarrelling
with Russia, which has been painted as the
national enemy of the Japanese people ever since
the late nineteenth century. Any dispute with
the Soviet is bound to call forth a certain amount
of bluster from Tokyo. The danger arising from
this practice, paradoxically enough, is largely
mitigated by the firmness of Soviet resistance to
Jap pressure. As long as Russian diplomatic and
military force is used unequivocally to prevent
Japanese-Manchoukuan incursions in Siberia,
Japan willrealize that war will immediately re-
sult from attempted use of force. Great nations,
even aggressively-inclined ones, do not lightly
enter a war they can clearly foresee when the
adversary possesses military power comparable
to that of the aggressor.
An interesting light is thrown on the workings
of the Japanese Foreign Office by an Associated
Press. dispatch from Tokyo of July 22, in which
a parenthetical paragraph stated that "Foreign
Office spokesmen frequently present a situation
in differing lights, depending on whether they
are talking to Japanese correspondents for home
consumption or to foreign correspondents."
Border incidents themeselves do not cause

Jfeemr IG- e
Heywood Broun
The political campaign of 1938 has already
reached a point where voters are being asked to
decide whether or not a candidate was poisoned
by drinking ice wiater in Kentucky.
But it may grow even goofier. A Republican
lady up where I live is telling the people in her
district that the recent damp spell was caused by
the TVA. She says you can't
build big dams like that and
not expect an excessive rain-
fall. In Texas the Ten Com-
mandments have been reaf-
firmed by a big majority, and
Kansas will have a chance
to vote for a revival preacher
on a Nazi platform.
Some of these aspects of
the current scene are hum-
orous enough, but the issues at stake are too mo-
mentous for laughter. Moreover, I have a feeling
that behind the clowns stalk men of sinister pur-
pose. At banquets reactionaries are fond of say
ing that they welcome a fight along clean-cut
issues. They would have their hearers believe
that they eagerly accept the challenge to let the
people pass upon the questions of the New Deal.
But in most of the local fights it will be found
that the conservatives seek to muddy the waters
and divert the attention of the voters with ex-
traneous matters.
* * *
Progressives Not Organized
Already some telling victories have been scored
by anti-Roosevelt forces without once making an
open attack upon the policies of the President.
The foes of progress have succeeded because of
the lack of organization and cohesion among pro-
gressives.
Naturally, I have in mind the tragic circum-
stances of Maury Maverick's defeat in the Demo-
cratic primary in San Antonio. Possibly "tragic"
is too strong a word, for Maury is of the sort to
meet a reverse with the question, "When do we
fight again?"
Still the advance of liberalism has been im-
peded, and it is particularly discouraging to have
this setback scored in the. South, which has
seemed just about to rid itself of the reactionaries
who have so long misrepresented the rank and
file of voters. I admit a strong faith in the C. I. O.
and its leadership, and still I do not think it is
sheer partisanship which makes me say here, too,
is the bitter fruit of the rule or ruin policy of
William Green. Mr. Green has announced an in-
difference as to a Congressman's voting record
on labor matters. If the candidate has manifested
any shred of friendliness toward the C. I. O. the
knife of William Green is out for him. It seems
to me that 'this marks an all-time new low in
labor leadership. We find the president of a great
trades union organization apparently riot only
willing but anxious to give aid and comfort to
those who oppose all labor measures if only they
will throw him the sop of declaring against Lewis
and industrial unionism.
* * *
What Does He Hope To Gain?
Outside of a personal and petty revenge it is
difficult to understand just what William Green
hopes to gain. If he succeeds in his endeavor he
will find a House which will send him about his
business quickly enough after it has used his
neck for a steppingstone. Can it possibly be that
Mr. Green has grown to think of himself as em-
bodying the entire labor movement? Is he really
willing ;to sacrifice the rights and aspirations of
all workers for no better price than the saving of
of his own face? This was the attitude which he
took in the San Antonio primary.
Maury Maverick was one of the most liberal
leaders in Congress, and through his efforts he
did much to break the power of the Southern
bloc in its effort to kill the wage and hour bill.
I doubt very much that the rank and file of the
American Federation of Labor will consent to
follow Mr. Green to the top of the lonely peak

which he purposes to occupy while Armageddon
rages. It was in San Antonio that Colonel Travis
drew a line with his knife upon the floor of the
Alamo and asked all who would fight to the end
to come over. It was Colonel Bowie, I believe,
who was carried across while lying on his cot.
The line still stands. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
should accentuate the fact that it is wider than
the grave. He should make Democrats declare
themselves. Those who are not with him are
against him.
To The Teacher

For Cooperation And Tolerance
A Republican Party Leader Urges 'Unselfishness'

OUR PROBLEM today is how to
make the wheels go around, how
to restore activity, and thus prosper-
ity, to this country. It is my earnest
and sincere belief that the way to
bring this about is through coopera-
tion-not in empty phrases praising
it, but in actual practice making it
work. It may sound too simple to
advocate a way to better conditions by
the method I am suggesting. But I
believe that in simplicity and funda-
mentals there is strength, and also
that we can never reach anything
that even remotely resembles the
American way of doing things with-
out good will, common sense and co-
operation
To emphasize what I mean when I
say that we need cooperation, I am
going to quote a few paragraphs from
a talk I made to the Troy Conference
>f the Methodist Church--laymen and
ministers.
"Sometimes it seems that there
never before has been a time in the
history of America when there have
been so many diversified elements ar-
rayed against each other in bitterness
and distrust. I don't believe that peo-
ple of their own volition and inclina-
tion are hating and distrustful, but
they have become confused and dis-
couraged. Their minds have been
poisoned by those who would foster
suspicion in order that they might
gain or retain position of power and
wealth.
"The ranks or labor are not only
Dr. Cressey
By PROF. JOHN B. APPLETON
DR. George Babcock Cressey, whc
holds the degree of Ph.D. both
from Chicago and Clark UnNersities
and who is at present Chairman of
the Department of Geology and Geog-
raphy at Syracuse University, will be
the guest speaker in the fourth lec-
ture series sponsored by the Institute
of Far Eastern Studies. Commenc-
ing with Monday, Aug. 1, he will speak
on four successive days on a number
of subjects pertaining to modern Si-
beria.
Dr. Cressey will bring to his au-
dience a picture of that relatively un-
known region of Asia and an ap-
praisal of the transformation, social
economic, and political, now in pro-
gress there, such as few are able t
do. He has returned only recentl
from a year of travel and research b
land and air over most of Siberia
during which he flew to such remote
areas as the mouth of the Yenise
River. The Soviet Government ha
frequently sought Dr. Cressey's pro
fessional advice, and he was th
only foreign adviser on the staff o
the "Greater Soviet World Atlas'
which has just appeared in print. I
many ways, in the opinion of com
petent geographers, this is the great
est atlas that has ever been published
Dr. Cressey's long and varied ex
perience, his scientific background
nd }pis unbiased approach will giv
unusual value to his observations re
garding present-day Siberia.
His Siberian explorationsrform onl
a part of Dr. Cressey's work in Asia
As far back as 1923 he was appointe
Professor of Geology at Shangha
College, and in the suceeding year
he became intimately acquainted wit]
China and Chinese culture. In 192
and 1926 he traveled extensively i
Northwest China, Tibet and Mongoli
while engaged in making a geologica
reconnaissance. As a result of thes
travels he has published an excellen
monograph on the Ordos Desert, on
of the borderlands between Russi
and China.
The long period of residence i
China, during which Dr. Cresse
gained an intimate knowledge of th
country and of the conditions unde
which the inhabitants live, has pro
vided the background for what is un
doubtedly not only one of the be
books that has ever been written o:
that country, but also one of th
most readable and effective pieces c

geographical analysis and interpre
tation. Whoever reads China's Geo
graphical Foundations, the best an
almost the only modern reliable wor
on the geography of China, cannc
but be impressed by the vividness o
the picture it presents. The author'
appreciation of the Chinese scene an
his understanding of the people an
their problems are evident on ever
page. This is no "dry as dust" text
book. Or the contrary, it is a vivi
portrayal of the life of a people de
picted in its environmental\ setting
Dr. Cressey's is a scientific appraisa
of China and of the Chinese people
who, in spite of almost every form c
adversity, have maintained intac
through more than four thousant
years a civilizationwhich,rthough ol
is still youthful and vigorous.
That Dr. Cressey is approachin
the study of Siberia with the sam
care that he investigated China an
parts of Inner Asia, is clearly indicat
ed in his recent article in the Jun
issue of Harper's Magazine, New
from Siberia. Those who are priv
ileged to hear his series of lecture
will undoubtedly carry away the re
sults of the careful observation an
unbiased appraisal that characteriz
all of Dr. Cressey's work.

aligned against the forces of industry,I
but have split and are aligned againsto
each other. Big business men andr
little business men cordially blame the 4
Government for their inability ton
produce at a profit; high Governmentl
officials in turn aggravate the situa-
tion by inciting hatred among thep
Imasses against those who have ac-t
cumulated wealth, justly or unjustly. C
Certain leaders of a once great politi-b
cal party appear to be spending moreC
time and thought in abuse and criti-a
cism of their successful opponentse
than in constructive planning. r
* * *
"Meanwhile, the objects of their L
wrath continue to sap the lifeblooda
of the taxpayer with sublime indif..-
ference to the ultimate result. Truly,c
we aye in an unfortunate position to-s
day, and only good will toward mere
can restore the happiness and allayJ
the fears of 130,000,000 people, whot
live in the most productive country onr
earth.
"It seems to me the lead ought to
be taken by those in public authority
to start the removal of the barriers to
good will and prosperity. Let those -
elected and appointed to public of-
fice adopt the policy of seeing how
much they can do to restore the func-
tions of government to the people, and
not how much authority they can ac-'
quire unto themselves by which means
they may control. Let their actions
in legiselative halls and executive,
chambers be governed by the dictates
of conscience and not by the counting
of votes.
Let us now assume that we want
cooperative effort as opposed to gov-
ernmental domination or selfish and
1 impossible individual efforts. Because
groups work together in peace and
, harmony means that they have made
adjustments and.mental strides that
give rise tosthis pace and harmony. I
see three successive and basic steps
-understanding, respect, tolerance
for what the other fellow, the other
group, the other, class, the other
church stands.
- *
Understanding implies more than
a superficial knowledge of the other
side. It implies more than reading
of headlines in one's favorite paper. It
means study-and, more than that, it
- means thought.
D We must listen fairly to the other
Y fellow. We must face facts. Our
Y knowledge cannot proceed from hear-
, say. We deliver ourselves an intel-
e lectual insult when we refuse to listen
i to or read about movements we call
s dangerous, or opinions which are di-
- vergent to our own. If we are right,!
e it will do us no harm to hear the
f other view. And knowing it may help
" us to convince those who hold the
n

From An Address By Gov. George D. Aiken of Vermont at
St. Michael's College

THEATR
By JAMES DOLL
'The Whiteheided Boy'

-4

F THE great established theatre
organizations of this century,
only the Abbey Theatre Players (fa-
miliarily, the Irish Players) have suc-
ceeded in bringing out a creditable
number of playwrights whose work is
likely to live. Since Sheckov. the
Moscow Art Theatre has not really
produced a great playwright. Al-
though the work of the Americans,
O'Neill, Sherwood. Howard has been
largely produced by the Theatre
Guild, it cannot be said that the Guild
as a regularly established, perman-
ent theatre is in any appreciable way
responsible for the mass of their work.
But Sean 'O'Casey, J. M. Synge,
Lady Gregory, William Butler Yeats,
as well as Lennox Robinson. author
of The Whiteheaded Boy, are very
definitely associated with, and in a
sense a product of the producing or-
ganization in Dublin. O'Casey's
Juno and the Paycock, produced here
two seasons ago by Whitford Kane,
and his The Ph :'.h and the Stars
seem to me to be ;. "ong the most
important plays of the 20th century
and those most likely to l ve. Robin-
sons' The Whiteheaded Boy 'r cupies
as important a place among co .eidies.
It combines, happily, universality
with a very particularily Irish sense
of characterization. In a certain sense
it is amost a satire of Irish traits of
character, such as family loyalty.
There are also some amusing com
ments on education as it is imposed
on sons against their will.
The play has been seen in Ann Ar-
bor before. Mr. Robinson, himself,
directed it for Play Production in the
spring of 1930. The Abbey Theatre
Players also played it here a couple
of seasons later. This production was
}also directed by Mr. Robinson who is,
in fact, director of the Abbey Theatre.
The third production, hereabouts, was
also supervised by the author for the
late Miss Jessie Bonstelle's late com-
pany in Detroit.
Other plays by the author that
have been seen here are The Round
Table and The Far-Off Hills. Play
Production opened its season with
the former play in the fall of 1933
and the other comedy was played
here during the engagement of the
Abbey Theatre Players and has been
played by the University High School.
The fact that it has been especially
popular with high schools should not
be held against it.
Whitford Kane's interpretation of
Lennox Robinson's very popular play
this week, both as an actor and as
a director, will be, you can be quite
sure, refreshingly different.
! other view to see what is right. And
if we are wrong and the other side is
right, we ought not to refuse to listen
Ito the truth.



.,

*"
landladies
here's how ivto
r0
pull, 'em in ... .
advertise your Fall rooms
to rent in the August 13th
ORIENTATION ISSUE
...sent to all prospective
freshmen. Bring your ads
to..
The

T HERE IS NO REST for the man or
woman who aspires 'for higher rank in
the academic world. They teach during eight or
nine months of the year and then must attend
Summer school. There they pile up credits with
which to impress boards of trustees. Yet their
work at this season is light compared with the
labor of those schoolmen who feel under com-
pulsion to write books. They have learned by ob-
servation and experience that all the wisdom of
the educational hierarchy is distilled to make the
one great truth, "No book produced, no ad-
vancement bestowed." It is our old 'friend "no
tickee, no washee" on the intellectual plane.
All too often fellows wishing to be assistant
professors and assistant professors wishing to
be full professors must tread a via dolorosa of
book writing. They know they need not always
write a good book. But it must be thick enough
to bind and show to advantage on the college
bookshelf. Avoirdupois is an important factor in
the scale of excellence. A two-pound book is often
considered twice as valuable as a one-pound book.
Every board, of trustees should have a Com-
niittee for the Prevention of Useless Book Write