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Editorials
Anniversary Of
The Spahish War .. .



Official Publication Of The Summer Session
VOL. XLVI. No. 20 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, 1937

.PUCE FIVE CENTS


New Clashes
With Chinese
Cause Attack
By Japanese
Heavy Artillery Barrages
Open rDrive To Possible
Peiping Assault
Firing Two Miles
From City's Gates
PEIPING, July 20.-(P)--Japan's
army in North China set fire to the
barracks of Wanpinghsien today, be-
ginning an offensive which Chinese
feared would culminate in a frontal
attack against the ancient and walled
city of. Peiping.
The Japanese brought artillery in-
to the field and shelled the Chinese
garrison for more than two hours.
There was bitter fighting about the
garrison and the marble balustrades
of Marco Polo bridge, 10 miles west of
Peiping. The present crisis was the
result of clashes between Chinese
and Japanese troops on July 7.
Negotiations between local Chinese
and Japanese officials failed to
establish peace, and the Japanese
command issued an ultimatum to
Chinese troops to withdraw from the
trouble area.
Take 'Terrible Toll'
They refused, the Domei (Japan-
ese) news agency said, and opened
fire on Japanese troops with trench
mortars. The fire continued at in-
tervals through last night.
The ultimatum expired at noon,
and two and one-half hours later
the Japanese troops, 1,000 men,
moved against Wanpinghsien.
Shells dropped into the garrison
and fired both arsenal and barracks,
Domei said. The Chinese guns with-
in the garrison were silenced, Jap-
anese sources said, and the city and
nearby Marco Polo bridge were dam-
aged heavily.
Japanese machine guns followed
the artillery and took a "terrible
toll" as Chinese sought to advance
from the North, Japanese sources re-
lated. About 500 Chinese troops
were believed within the garrison.
Firing still was audible late to-
night. It seemed to center about
Wanpinghsien and the highway to
Peiping, a little more than two miles
from the city's gates.
Shell fire also could be heard from
the vicinity of the highway to Nan-
yuan, southeast of Peiping. Japanese
counted one soldier dead and one
wounded as their losses for the day.
Await Peiping Attack
A third clash was reported in the
vicinity of Lukouchiao about 7 p.m.
Japanese artillery replied, silencing
Chinese mortar fire and destroying
two Chinese observation posts.
Chinese within Peiping were tense,
believing that the city soon might be
subjected to attack.
Women's organizations within the
city pledged that. "Two hundred mil-
lion women in China will urge their
husbands and instruct their sons to
abandon the hearth of home and take
to the field to resist Japanese aggres-
sion."
They sent a telegram to the North
China garrison commander, Gen.
Sung Cheh Yuan, urging him to re-
sist "Japanese attacks with all the
resources at his disposal."
Chinese contend that Japan seeks
to detach the North China provinces
of Hopeh and Chahar from China
Seventh Excursion

Is To State Prison
The Michigan State Prison at Jack-
son will be visited today by the sev-
enth Summer Session excursion. Res-
ervations were to have been made yes-
terday.
The party will leave from in front
of Angell Hall at 1 p.m. to return nere
about 5 p.m.
The eighth in the series of trips to
nearby places of interest will be Sat-
urday to the General Motors proving
grounds at Milford. Reservations for
this trip should be made by Friday.
Remaining excursions will be to
Greenfield Village, July 28, to Put-
in-Bay, Lake Erie, Aug. 4, and a tour
through the Ann Arbor News building
Aug. 11.
Jack Kasley, 'M' Swim
Star, Is Camp Officer!
Jack Kalev. cn-cantain of the

Copeland Is Fitted For Gotham
By Ann Arbor Mayoral Term

New York Senator Headed
Local City Government
While OnFaculty
By CLINTON B. CONGER
Being New York City's Mayor will
be no job at all for Sen. Royal S.
Copeland, Tammany Hall candidate
for the position, should he be elected.
For from 1901 to 1903, Senator-
then Dr. Copeland, carried on a large
and lucrative private practice here,
was a full professor, head of the eye
and ear department, and secretary
of the Homeopathic College, which
since then has become the Medical
School, and in' his spare time Dr.
Copeland was Mayor of Ann Arbor.
Mayor At 33
Copeland, born in Dexter in 1868,
was therefore by mathematical de-
duction 33 years old and the youngest
professor on the faculty when he
tossed his hat, then a Republican hat,
into the ring against three other can-
didates to squeeze out victory by a
margin of 300 votes.
Barely had he taken office in his
first governmental post when he
found himself in a championship
battle with the city council, which
did not take kindly to his opening
message pointing the way to a reduc-
tion of $49;000 in the budget for the
following year, and retaliated to his
insistence by refusing to confirm his
appointment for city attorney, and
then having an acting mayor slip in
another man at the post while Cope-
land was out of town.
First Fight Compromised
When the boy mayor returned, he
waded into the thick of the fight,
made a few political deals that would
have been a credit to an old-timer,
and emerged with his original ap-
pointment confirmed and at least a
part of his budget economies ap-
proved,
'Council minutes show that two of
Copeland's requests incorporated in
his first message asked for municipal
garbage collection and compulsory
ownership of metal garbage cans by
city residents, and street sprinkling,
in spite of the fact that the lack of
these two conveniences "promotes and
aggrevates diseases of certain organs
which afford me a living."
One of his principal achievements,
according to Frank Stivers, local at-
torney who was city attorney for a
short period during Copeland's ad-
ministration, was the construction of
(Continued on Page 4)
Southern Club
Is To Sponsor
3rd Tea Dance
Members of the Southern Club will
act as sponsors of the third in a series
of weekly tea dances to be held from
4 until 6 p.m. today in the Ballroom
of the Michigan League, Hope art-
wig, '38, president of the League, an-
nounced yesterday.
Although the tea dance is open to
all students, southern students have
been especially invited to attend.
Carrying out this idea, representa-
tives of the southern states will serve
as assistants, according to Elvira
Hamernik, secretary of the Southern
Club.
The assistants will be: Lucille Go-
ing, Georgia; Dorothy Olsen, Texas;
Mary Green Johnson, Kentucky; Mil-
dred Sink, Texas; Ethel Peaslee, West
Virginia; Frances Skulley, Mississip-
pi; Josephine Allensworth, Louisiana;
Margaret Friend, Tennessee; Ivalita
Glascock, Michigan; Margaret Coo-
per, Texas; Carolyn Newberry, Ken-
tucky; and Wilma McIsaac, West Vir-
ginia.

Once Mayor Here

SEN. ROYAL S. COPELANOb
Fraser Urges
New Emphasis
On Democracy
Professor Decries Pressure
Of Reactionary Groups
On Civics Teachers
Even in the face of pressure from
groups which do not believe in de-
mocracy, teachers should encourage
their students to consider how civic
problems can be solved so that the
democratic ideal of equal, maximum
opportunity for all can be achieved, '
Prof. Mowat G. Fraser of the educa-
tion school yesterday told the after-
noon meeting of the eighth annual
Summer Education Conference in
the Union.
"Few teachers encourage such
study, not a single social studies text-
book encourages such study and de-
spite their avowals of democracy as
a goal of education, not a single ed-
ucational association specifically
urges a study of how that goal can be
attained," he declared.
"The main reason for thsi," Profes-
sor Fraser continued, "is the strong
pressure by individuals and organiza-
tions which do not really believe in
democracy or in full, free discussion.
This pressure is the basic pressure en-
countered in all the problems of at-
taining ideal educational conditions
for students and educators."
Professor Fraser went on to say
that three general conclusions are
proposed in answering the question
"What shall be done?" "Some edu-
cators favor avoiding highly con-
troversial issues or merely present-
ing both sides with no guiding ideal,
other educators favor teaching as the
community which hires them wishes
them to teach, and the alternative to
these two policies is to strive to make
sound teaching possible and to resist
the pressure against it," he said.
Professor Fraser pointed out that
there were three essentials for this.
"First, a consideration should be
made by educators concerning what
kind of teaching about democracy is
sound and adequate; second, tenure
laws should be passed which do not
have loopholes which permit the dis-
missal of teachers; and third, sup-
port for local teachers and school
systems should be sought from the
Michigan Education Association," he
stated.
Speaking at the same meeting, Dr.
(Continued on Pae 3)

Far East Will
Not Be Wholly
'Westernized
Graves Says Chinese And
Japanese Must Retain
An Eastern Outlook
Europe Led Studyt
Of Oriental Peoplesf
The Chinese and Japanese will
never succumb entirely to Occidental
influences and become "Westernized,"
Mortimer Graves of Harvard Univer-
sity told the audience at yesterday's
Summer Session lecture, sponsored by
the Institute of Far Eastern Studies.
"The problem of the Far East is
an intelectual problem," Mr. Graves
stated. The people of the Orient will
adapt themselves to Western ideas,
he said, but will not lose their essen-
tially Eastern racial personality and
outlook. "Our problem, therefore, is
to try to understand the East," he
said.
Russian Plan Unique1
European nations were ahead of1
America in introducing programs of;
Far Eastern study in their universi-
ties, Mr. Graves said. The leader-
ship in the movement was assumed byI
France, where a chair of Eastern;
study was established as early as
1730. The first permanent chair,;
however, was not endowed until 1814.
Germany and England followed
closely in France's track, he said,
while the Dutch were, not far behind.
In Russia the problem was attacked;
differently at first, and the attempt,
was made to get a Chinese study,
through Mongol and Manchu, but
this was given up in 1857 in favor
of direct study.
Following the opening of Japan to
Western commercial entreprise by,
Commodore Perry in 1854 a number
of American missionaries invaded the
East, but little was done to encourage
scholarship in Eastern affairs until;
about 10 years ago, he said. At this
time, according to Mr. Graves, there
were three new developments in the;
field: The establishment of the Amer-
ican Council of Pacific Relations; the
endowment of an institute in East-
ern language and culture at Harvard
University by Charles M. Hall; and
the formation of a Committee on
Chinese and Japanese Problems, of
which Mr. Graves was a member.
Long Tradition Here
"Our chief problems were con-
cerned with obtaining the services of
good historians and implements for
them to work with, that is, literary
works, classical translations, etc. We
haven't completed the job yet, but
we have made a great deal of pro-
gress," he declared.
There are outstanding departments
of Far Eastern studies at Yale, Har-
vard and California universities, he
said, but the Middle West and South
have not as yet advanced very far in
the field. Michigan, he pointed out,
has a long tradition of interest in the
Far East.
World Mourns
Marconi Death;
Funeral Today
Inventor Of Wireless Dies
Of Heart Paralysis Near
Rome At Age Of 63

ROME, July 20.-(/P)- A world
bound more closely together through
his genius tonight mourned the death
of the Marquis Guglielmo Marconi,
the father of wireless.
The famous inventor, who was only
21 when he discovered how to tele-
graph through space, died early today
of heart paralysis in his palace-home
in the heart of Rome. He was 63
years old.
He left unfinished his far-reaching
development of the ultra-short wave
but his work will be carried on by the
group of experts who have searched
with him in the mysteries of trans-
mission without wires.
Marconi, whose wireless messages
first bridged the Atlantic in 1901, was
a frequent visitor to the United States.
First of the leaders to pay respects
at the death-bed of the pioneer was
Premier Benito Mussolini who kissed
his forehead. Marconi was to have
seen Il Duce last night in the Palazzo
Venezia but a sudden heart attack
f nre.Prithe inven mnr,. +- -,-,-,-s v -

_ __. _

Sanders To Speak
On Biblical Studies
"Recent Biblical Studies and Dis-
coveries" will be the subject of today's
Summer Session lecture by Prof.
Henry A. Sanders, chairman of the
speech and general linguistics depart-
ment. He will speak at 5 p.m. in
Natural Science Auditorium.
Professor Sanders is a nationally-
known philologist and has published
a number of works onaBiblical study.
In 1915-16 he served as acting direc-
tor of the School of Classical Studies
of the American Academy in Rome,
and from 1928 to 1931 he was pro-
fessor in charge, on leave of absence
from the University.
Says Lino uists
Don't Directly
StudySpeech
Professor Sapir Is First
Speaker Of This Week
Before Institute Here
"Yes and no," replied Prof. Ed-
ward Sapir of Yale University in dis-
cussing before the Linguistic Insti-
tute luncheon conference yesterday
the question, "Are Linguists Studying
Speech?"
But after an initial explanation of
what he termed his "pussyfooting,"
Dr. Sapir concluded that, after all,
linguists are not really studying
speech. This admission, however, he
accompanied with a qualifying inter-
pretation of the relation of speech to
language and to human behavior.
An extended analogy with the
game of tennis was utilized by Dr.
Sapir in making his interpretation
clear. He pointed out that the many
complicated motions found in such a
game would not actually constitute
a game of tennis unless they had
meaning within a certain plan, and
that this plan or theory of tennis is
essential to an understanding of, the
game by a spectator. "Just so," said
Professor Sapir, "I can't interpret
words and sentences unless I have
a plan or theory, which we call lan-
guage, as a guide. Only then can
extraneous phenomena of sound and
action be eliminated from those which
convey meaning.''
That this abstraction of language
is of the essence in studying speech
was urged by Dr. Sapir in referring
to a trend toward emphasis upon the
physical aspects of phonation, or
sound production. "We have perhaps
gone too far,' 'he exclaimed, "in de-
bunking abstractions, for even ab-
stractions may have reality. It is
often unjust to criticize adversely
those who use terms naming mystic
entities, for relationships between
them do exist, and to deny the terms
does not do away with those rela-
tionships. Hence the danger in try-
ing to limit ourselves to propositions
involving only material phenomena.
"It is true that the linguist does
deal with certain fundamental be-
havior acts when he studies phona-
tion. But that is not enough. Ima-
gine a tennis player desirous of per-
forming every motion of a tennis
game with absolute perfection. He
(Continued on Page 4)
Pollock To Be Heard
On 3rd Radio Program
The University will go on the air at
3 p.m. today in the third half-hour
broadcast of the week. Prof. James
K. Pollock of the political sceince de-
partment will speak on "A Compari-
son of Public Administration in
Europe and America."
Prof. William P. Halstead's class

in radio drama will present three or-
iginal s t u d e n t skits, "League
Benches," "Whatnot," and "On A
Telephone Switchboard."

Ruling Beats Rule
When City Council
Juggles Procedure
Alderman Wirt Masten, acting
president of the common council, un-
wittingly pulled a fast one on the
council, and yesterday discovered the
laugh was on him.
With only 11 of the council's regular
membership of 15 present at the last
meeting, the matter of the appoint-
ment of Franklin H. Fiske as city
sanitarian for' the health department
was brought up. The vote was seven
to four to concur in the recommen-
dation, made by Dr. John A. Wessing-
er, city health officer.
Masten declared the motion ap-
proved, and passed on to other mat-
ters.
A few moments later some one
brought up the point that under the
city charter eight council votes are
needed to pass any motion, and Mas-
ten, who had been one of the four
to vote against the appointment, de-
cided it hadn't passed after all.
City Attorney William Laird, how-
ever, ruled that the question of the
vote could not be reconsidered as
other business had intervened before
Masten's decision on the vote was
questioned.
Fiske was graduated from Massa-
chusetts State College as a bachelor
of science in 1936, and this June re-
ceived his master of science degree
in public health here.
Fourth Drama,
'Yellow Jack,'
Opens Tonight
Halstead, Harrell To Take
Leads In Dranatization
Of De KruifStory
"Yellow Jack," Sidney Howard's
dramatization of the conquest of yel-
low fever in Cuba in 1901, will be
presented by the Repertory Players at
8:30 p.m. today in Lydia Mendelssohn
Theatre.
The play is based on a chapter of
Paul de Kruif's best-seller, "Microbe
Hunters." De Kruif collaborated with
Howard in the authorship of the play,
which Brooks Atkinson described as
"one of the heroic epics of research
science . . . related with clarity, abil-
ity and emotion." It was an out-
standing artistic success in New York
last season.
The drama relates the story of
Walter Reed and his collaborators in
their effort to discover the cause and
cure for yellow fever. In spite of
hardship and death they finally suc-
ceeded in demonstrating that the
parasite was carried by a certain type
of mosquito. Their work and sac-
rifices eventually made possible the
eradication of yellow fever from Cuba
as well as. the construction of the
Panama Canal.
William P. Halstead will play the
part of Dr. Reed in the Repertory
production; Charles Harrell that 01
Dr. Lazear, Robert Cunningham, Dr
Carroll, Truman Smith,, Dr. Finley
and Saunders Walker Dr. Agramonte
Others in the cast include Charle
McCaffrey, Edward Jurist, Charle
Maxwell, Morlye Baer, Thelma Slac
and Dick Morley.

Garner And Party Leaders
Summoned By Roosevelt
To White House Talk
Seek To Clear Up
Legislative Tangle

WASHINGTON, July 20. -- (A) -
Talk of a quick compromise settle-
ment of the court reorganization is-
sue spread through the capital to-
night.
President Roosevelt surveyed the
tangled legislative situation in a long
conference with Vice-President Gar-
ner and three Democratic Senate
leaders.
It was reported authoritatively that
Garner took to the conference word
that a group of uncommitted Dem-
ocratic senators would vote to side-
track the pending court bill unless
some new compromise could be
worked out to dispose of the issue
quickly.
Would Block Bill
Eight Democratic Senators talked
with Garner before he went to the
White House. They were Russell of
Georgia; Herring of Iowa; Johnson of
Colorado; Adams of Colorado; Bu-
low of South Dakota; Andrews of
Florida; Overton of Louisiana and
Brown of Michigan.
All except Herring, who has been
supporting the pending bill, had been
uncommitted publicly concerning the
President's reorganization proposal.
They were said to have authorized
the Vice-President to tell Mr. Roose-
velt they would vote to send the
pending measure back to the Judi-
ciary committee for study unless a
quick compromise settlement could
be worked out.
To Choose Leader
The senators said they wanted the
way cleared for consideration of other
legislation, it was reported, and did
not want to get back into the bitter
party-splitting fight over reorganiz-
ing of the Supreme Court.
With Garner when he talked with
the President tonight were Senators
Harrison (Dem., Miss.), Barkley,
(Dem., Ky.), and Pittman (Dem.,
Nev.). Harrison and Barkley are can-
lidates in the close contest for Dem-
ocratic leadership of the Senate, to
be decided at a party caucus tomor-
row.
Prior to the White House confer-
ence, an administrative official close
to the President told reporters a new
compromise to satisfy opponents of
the Roosevelt proposal for Supreme
Court reorganization was within the
realm of possibility.
Rebel Advance
Around Capital
Proves Costly
MADRID, July 20.-(AP)-Insur-
gents captured peak 660 today in a
fierce attack east of Villanueva De
La Canada, an official government
communique reported tonight.
Defending government forces
claimed to have inflicted heavy losses
on the Insurgents in the severe fight-
ing for possession of the hill 15 miles
northwest of Madrid.
The government communique said
there had been intensive artillery
bombardments on the front west of
Madrid, where heavily-reinforced In-
surgent troops are battling to re-
gain ground taken in a government
drive.
Guadalajara northeast of Madrid,
was bombed by insurgent planes to-
day, the government said, setting fire
to an asylum for infants and aged.
Some 300 children were saved from,
the burning buildings.
The glare of burning munitions
dumps and gasoline stores at Le-
ganes, south of the capital near Ge-
tafe, was visible from Madrid far in-
to the night. They apparently had
been fired by a government shell.
Murphy Signs Bill
For Health Exams
LANSING, July 20.-(P)-A bill
providing that applicants for mar-
riage licenses must file health certifi-
cates, was signed by Gov. Frank

Rumors Of Second
Compromise Court
'Bill Follow Parley

'Yellow Jack' Portrays Heroic
Fight Waged On Yellow Fever

Microphone Fright Is Reality
As Michigan Goes On The Air

The yellow fever menace againstI
which the heroic scientists portrayed
in the drama "Yellow Jack," opening
tonight at the Lydia, Mendelssohn
Theatre in a Repertory Players' pro-
duction, fought, is still lurking in the
steaming tropical jungles of . South
America and Equatorial Africa, ac-
cording to Dr. Frederick G. Novy,.
dean-emeritus of the medical school
and professor-emeritus of bacteriol-
ogy.
Dr. Novy, who was personally ac-
quainted with Dr. Reed, Dr. Carroll
and Dr. Agramonte, three of the prin-
cinal figures in the vellow fever hat-

eradicated. Knowledge of the con-
ditions under which the virus lives is
still uncertain, although it is not
considered likely that cities and
towns are in danger of being re-in-
fected. The probability is, Dr. Novy
indicated, that the germ inhabits
some form of blood-sucking parasite.
In 1916 General Gorges, one of the
characters of the play, the man whol
led in the execution of the advice of
Dr. Reed and Dr. Carroll to stamp
out the mosquito, both in Havana and
later in the Panama Canal Zone, de-
clared that yellow fever did not ex-
ist in Colnmhia -South Amc'in.

By KEN WOOD
How does it feel to go on the air?
What thoughts run through a per-
son's head as he talks to an inani-
mate thing like a microphone in what
must necessarily be his most expres-
sive tones? Why is it that one can
speak with ease and composure into
a "dead mike," but the moment it
becomes "live" his thinking appara-
tus hits zero, and his pulse leaps to a
hundred?
In the radio studios of Morris Hall
members' of the radio classes who
are broadcasting over WJR this sum-
mer are finding out what all this

the studio with scripts in hand, their
faces beginning to look over-cast with
grim, half-sunk determination. The
atmosphere grows tense. At the last
minute someone discovers that some-
thing is not right. A brief pande-
moniumbfollows.
Just before one broadcast it was
discovered that the sound technician
had no script, so an order went into
the office to Dorothy Maul, secretary,
to make copies and carbons for three
pages. Fingers flew and paper scat-
tered. Two minutes before the pro-
gram the perspiring sound man re-
ceived his script.

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