PAGE FOR THE MICHIGAN DAILY FRIDAY, JULY 16, 193' New Discipline Is Encouraged By Edmonson Schools Must Remember Purpose In Elementary Education, Dean Says The aim of education is to fit the individual to live with and for others, that is, to be a useful member of so- ciety, and in considering disciplinary control in the school, this aim must be kept constantly in mind, Dean James B. Edmonson of the education school told the Conference on Ele- mentary Education yesterday. "In the older type of discipline there was marked emphasis on quiet, order and submissiveness. In the new type of discipline, the emphasis is placed on industry, cooperation and helpfulness," he said. Speaking on "The Old Versus the New in School Discipline," Dean Edmonson stated that discipline should not be interpreted in the narrow sense as a means of punish- ment, but that a broader interpreta- tion should be placed upon it. "It should be a means of trans- forming a pupil or group from an undesirable situation to a desirable one which, ultimately will be for the betterment of the individual or group," he declared. "It is commonly agreed," the Dean continued, "that the major tasks of the adult citizen are to assist in or- ganizing of all. The pupils of our school have a similar set of tasks and our modern schools are emphas- izing a type° of discipline that af- ford opportunity to give pupils train- ing in these tasks." He pointed out that there are three eneral types of discipline that may be introduced into the school-the ab- solute authority, the appeal to per- sonal interests and the control through group responsibility. Hutchins Talks On Youth Opportunity (Continued from Page 1) ted, it never became a real alphabet. Yet most scholars agree in linking the alphabet with Egyptian, for they believe that these consonantal sym- bols in Egyptian provided the ana- logy upon which it was constructed. Evidence for this belief is found in the recently discovered Serabit in- scriptions of the Sinai peninsula, where the ancient Egyptians mined turquoise. Apparently the contacts thus established brought the Phoeni- cians some knowledge of the Egyp- tian cuneiforms, and, finding these few alphabetic symbols, felt incor- rectly that Egyptian writing was what scholars call acrophonic, that is, that each symbol represented the first sound of the name of the object istration and the CCC camps some emergency employment and financial aid for unoccupied youths in relief families," he said. "Also, we find that employment in private industry has again reached such a level that many of the older youth are able to find re-; munerative jobs."1 Speaking of the influence the public school has had upon helping the youth of the country, Dr. Hutchins said that they are giving a great deal of time and effort to the matter of guiding each stuednt into the types of work that he can best do, and that they have developed new means of easing the transition from school to work. In closing Dr. Hutchins called at- tention to the work of the American Youth Commission that is trying to determine the nature and character- istics of youth, the influence which bear upon how his development, such as schools, radios and organizations, and how these influences and agen- cies can be best brought into a coop- erative working relationship. Soviet Consul Congratulates Record-Breaking Aviators Harris Traces Effort To Find Alphabet Start Prof. Walter Petersen To Give Final Lecture Of Week ThisEvening (Continued from Pame 1) originally designated by the ideo- graphic symbol. Thus they developed a phonetic system of symbols, or al- phabet. "Either this Sinai alphabet actual- ly is the original," continued Dr. Harris, "and it spread by being adopted by neighboring peoples; or Phoenician is the original and de- veloped in exactly the same way. The manner of development must be the same in either case. "This is true even though a com-. plication entered a few years ago with the finding of a new alphabetic writ- ing in Ras Shamra in Northern Syria. This writing, of about 1500 B.C., like the Sinai alphabet has no vowels, but the odd thing is that it is written in cuneform symbols. "The explanation must be again that its development was analogical, and proceeded upon the same pat- tern as the Sinai system or that of Phoenician." He did not express the opinion that it is the original al- phabet. In conclusion Dr. Harris suggested some of the social effects of the spread of the alphabet under various conditions. Traditional usages were altered in respect to certain con- sonants, he explained, when it was adopted by different Phoenician peoples using the same language. Other effects occurred when the al- phabet was taken over for use in a related language, such as Aramaic, and still other changes, such as the use of a symbol with a new sound value, when it was adopted for a non- related language, such as Greek. Opposes Young Teacher 3rd Telescope In Size To Be Located Here A 97-Inch Reflector, Made By Corning Glass Co., Is Now In Storage (Continued from Page It more than five tons, and is 13 inches thick. The moving parts of the tele- scope weigh 100 tons, and are moved by 50 electric motors, controlled by switchboards near the eyepiece. Yet it is so perfectly balanced that it can be rotated by a force of only a small fraction of a horsepower. Work on the new observatory itself will probably start within the next few years if expectations are fulfilled. The total cost is very hard to esti- mate closely, but it is expected to run to several hundred thousand dollars. However, when completed, the University of Michigan Base Lake Observatory will be as modernly equipped as any in the world, and will be one of which we may be justly proud. Miss Maria Smith, 73, retired teacher, was one of three school board members who voted against re-appointment of pretty Isabelle Hallin, in the Saugus, Mass., high schooL Consul General Grigori Gokhman of San Francisco extended the greetings of his Russian cou'ntrymen to the three Soviet aviators who flew from Moscow to San Jacinto, Calif., for a new distance record. Their direct airline distance was 6,262 miles, although they flew much farther in avoiding bad weather. Shown here at March Field, left to right: Pilot Mikhail Gromoff, Kokhman, Co-Pilot Andre Yumnosheff, and Navi- gaitor Sergei Danilin. Fl a ls History Measures Time For Geologist Niagara Gorge Serves A Readable Record The Glacial Age As Of (Continued from Page 1) lake, the water struck a deeper pool and lost most of its cutting power. As a result the third stage of the low- er Gorge has a channel only 40 feet deep. The river, flowing down from Lake Erie, crossed St. David's Gorge, a former channel, at the present site of the Whirlpool. This old channel had been covered up by the glacier mostly with a soft soil known as glacial till, portected by a thin wall of rock. This wall was continually weak- ened until it finally gave way to the pressure of the falling stream of water. The stream then rushed into the old channel with tremendous force. Took Short Time "It is hardly to be conceived that the washout of the ancient channel to form the Whirlpool Basin could have occupied more than a small fraction of a day," says Professor Hobbs in "Earth Features." Thus the great bowl was hollowed to a depth of over 125 feet in an in- credibly short period. The tearing away of the Gorge was stopped only by the slide of boulders it occasioned in scooping out the loose deposits from far below. The boulders formed a heavy protective layer that stopped the stream from racing on down the old channel. The Falls now reestablished them- selves on the cliff at the point where the old St. David's cataract had been when the glacier had covered it up. This turning of the river has caused a looping motion below, occasioning the Wirlpool. The water was tem- porarily halted by the obstructions it was forced to clean out of its path, and as a result the Gorge is quite narrow just above the Whirlpool ba- sin. Water Crosses Over Now the water, rushing into the basin, crosses over in a stream 35 feet deep to the opposite side, where it strikes the sheath of boulders and is turned to the left. It doubles back, and plunges underneath itself to "boil" up visibly and pass on down to the Lower Gorge. It had taken 25,000 years for the Falls to recover from the attack of the Glacier, and to recut a channel from Lake Ontario to the edge of the Whirlpool, where they stood when the ice cap covered them. The ever-receding glacier now came into the picture once more by uncovering the northern Ottawa Val- ley and draining all the Lakes except Lake Erie across northern Ontario. The fourth stage of the Gorge, then, is only 400 feet wide and 35 feet deep. Today, however, with the full volume of water forced through it again, it becomes the world's most turbulent rapids. Gorge Is Deep Just above the railroad bridges the river once more gets its full volume by the demand of the St. Lawrence for the water which had been flow- ing across Ottawa. Here the Gorge is again 150 feet deep, and is 1,000 feet wide. The Ottawa Valley was now too high, and the Fallsybegan receding at their present rate. The Falls lay where the bridges now are some 4,000 years ago, and the final two miles have been cut since the dawn of the Christian era. At first receding at 4.2 feet a year, the Falls have been robbed of some water for power pur- poses, and now cut back 3.2 feet each year. FRIDAY and SATURDAY All White Hats...$2.95 Values up to $6.00 Clearance of ail darker hats 1 Group at $1.95 ea. - 1 Group at 50c ea. DANA RICHARDSON t 309 South State Street --- At the DMlon Shop Put Your Money On The Thoroughbred 11, 7 ..... -iI r, I Wear Faded Blue Denims for your active Summer Sports It's ever so flattering to all types, and really shows off fine summer tans. 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