PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN )AILTY WEDNESDAY, AUGUST Sino-Japanese War Presents Neutrality Test Neutrality No Longer Moot Question But Definitely Defined Term Paralysis Spray Dr. Peet Developed Is Ready For Use In Next Epidemic DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the UfIversity. Oopy received at the oU ee o the Aistant to tme Presda wi*3"30; 11 :00&in. Saturday. (Continued from Page 3) powers, 'Italy, the Netherlands, Bel- gium, Portugal, and China signed this treaty, declaring their desire "to adopt a policy designed to stabilize conditions in the Far East, to safe- guard the rights and interests of China; and to promote intercourse between China and the other Powers upon the basis of equality of oppor- tunity." In other words, the "Open Door." The contracting powers (other than China) agreed: (1) To respect the sovereignty, the independence, and the territorial and administrative in- tegrity of China; (2) to provide the fullest and most unembarrassed op- portunity to China to develop and manitain an effectvie and stable gov- ernment; (3) to use their influence for the purpose of effectually estab- lishing and maintaining the principle of equal opportunity for the corn- merce and industry of all nations throughout the territory of China; and (4) to refrain from taking ad- vantage of conditions in China, in order to seek special rights or priv- ileges . . . and from countenancing actions inimiacal to the security or friendly States." No Spheres Of Influence Article 2, further states that the Powers agree "not to enter into any treaty, arrangement, or understand- ing with any Power which would in- fringe or impair these principles"; and Article 4) "not to support any private agreements designed to create Spheres of Influence" in China. Japan apparently is violating the first, third and fourth clauses of Ar- ticle I of the treaty, and perhaps Article 4, as well as the Kellogg Pact; which is the most important matter. At least the Japanese Navy had per- petrated outrageous acts of war with- in Chinese territories and her most populous cities. Why, then, do not the signatories of this Nine Power Treaty do something? Article 7 reads: "The Contracting Parties agree that, whenever a situa- tion arises which, in the opinion of any one of them, involves the appli- cation of the stipulations of the pres- ent treaty, and renders desirable dis- cussion of such application, there shall be full and frank communoica- tion between the Powers concerned." Terms Are Vague "Comm nication" is decidedly Pla- tonic; neither joint action nor coer- cion, nor any question of pointing an accusing international finger at the "aggressor," is even implied. The Chinese students, therefore, who have recently appealed to the President by telegram to denounce Japan as the aggressor against their country are misinformed as to the character of the obligations assumed by the United States in these Pacific treaties; and they may mislead their friends concerning them, and con- cerning our historic and carefully considered Neutrality policy. It may be presumed that impor- tant diplomatic interchanges are now taking place between the department of State and the foreign offices of Britain, France, and other govern- ments; if they were not there would be an incredible dereliction of duty. U.S. Not Obligated It is important to observe, however, that no word in these treaties obli- gates the United States to take any initiative in this matter; that our material and political interests in China are far less in extent, or value, than those of Britain or France, howsoever great our human and sen- timental, scientific and religious in- terests have grown. There may be moral reasons and justifications for doing so, despite China's lamentable shortcomings, inertias and corruptibilities. But the striking failures of the League of Nations, and of the British govern- ment, effectively to cooperate with the United States Government at the time of the Japanese Army's first out- rageous attack upon Chapei and Man- churia, five years ago, cannot be for- fotten. That action, or non-action, led, indeed, directly to the demise and disintegration of the League of Na- tions as a moral and political instru- mentality of "the international com- mnunity." No Hope In League It is, therefore, to the "sanctity of treaties" and to the good faith of their signatories, in the case of the Nine Power Pact-not to the League -that China must look for whatever protection which, in her weakness, she can hope for. As the sponsor of the Washington Conference of 1921, from which that treaty emerged, and of the Kellogg Pact, which has been so cynically ignored and flouted by the Japanese and other militarists, and as the in- itiator of the new Neutrality with its penalties against belligerents, as such, the United States Government has1 more than sufficient provocation (notI to mention the murder of three or more of its most respected citizens in Shanghai) to take an important in-: (Continued from Page 11 factory nerves of smell, terminating in the roof of the nose Once the virus strikes, it courses rapidly back along the olfactory nerves to the ol- factory bulb, then to the brain, ex- tending down again into the spinal cord. With this knowledge on hand, it was plain that no injected vaccine could be effective, since it could not protect the nose and brain, first to be attacked. Similarly tests disclosed that there was no effective method of building up immunity, as is done in allergic conditions, without an ac- tual attack of infantile paralysis in the course of treatment. Nerve Ends Give Solution Accordingly the only solution seeme to lie in protection of the ex- posed nerve endings through which poliomyelitis makes its entry into the human system. Instantly three groups of scientists began testing a large number of chemical substances in their search for an effective pro- phylaxis. Previous research and medical his- tory had demonstrated that Indo- African monkeys are the only other animals aside from man susceptible, and that the disease in men and monkeys runs a similar course. This fact enabled a rapid survey of pos- sibilities, since the monkeys could be treated with the solutions being test- ed and then, along with controls, inoculated with virulent paralysis virus, where children, for humani- tarian reasons, naturally could not be. Almost simultaneously the three groups of independent workers be- gan to report partial success. In May, 1935 Dr. Charles Armstrong and Dr. W. T. Harrison of the National Institute of Health at Washington reported "a high incidence of resis- tance" in monkeys treated intra- nasally with a four per cent solution of alum (sodium alumnium sulfate). Shortly thereafter Dr. A. B. Sabin of the Rockefeller Institute with two of his colleagues confirmed the pro- tective value of alum and reported that a four per cent solution of tan- nic acid also "exercises a protective action." Several Preventatives Found A third report by Dr. Schultz and his assistant, L. P. Gebhardt, found definite protective action in sprays of picric acid, paranitrophenol, trini trocresol and mercurochrome. Suddenly, in the summer of 1936, an epidemic ravaging Alabama brought the picric acid, alum, and tannic acid sprays into use in an ef- fort to combat its spread. Children were sprayed in whole sale lots, and the solutions distributed for home use. Discouraging reports came in al- most immediately, however. "I sprayed my child every night, and yet he came down with infantile," many a tearful mother reported. The chil- dren who had been sprayed seemed to be smitten almost as frequently and as violently as those who had not been. Meanwhile Dr. Schultz and Mr. Gebhardt carried on their researches, testing 40 different chemical agents before, early this year, they were able to tell Dr. Peet, at a meeting of the Medical Advisory Committee to the Vilbiss atom President's Birthday Ball for Infan- tip No. 1561 tile Paralysis Research, that zinc suited for tl sulfate sprays had resulted in al- Further most complete protection of the ex- the timing perimental monkeys, for a period of ments follov almost a month. renewals, Working under a grant from the woork had i Birthday Ball Fund, Dr. Peet came, month. Dr. back'to Ann Arbor and went to work. termined th The zinc sulfate spray in undiluted centimeterr form, he found, caused acute burn- Olfa ing sensation for more than two An intere hours, and often violent headaches during the for the next day after treatment. least the ii His experimentation covered va- of smell ft rious strengths of the solution, and Medical stu while he was demonstrating that however, rei the one per cent strength was best, to the olfa he also added one per cent of pon- normal in a tocaine, a local anesthetic, to the pending on formula, along with the one-half per With the cent sodium chloride to make the With the spray more isotonic. The headaches itsrenfisu and burning sensation vanished, Dr. Peet, co leaving only a "mild discomfort" dur- the results. ing the treatment. been reporte Sought Cause For Failure failed when Meanwhile field workers had been men," the l investigating the cause of the Ala- cited one o bama failures. One mother, they as an exam: found, had used a perfume atomizer, In a sma while another, because her child thern Michig disliked the discomfort of the spray- constant as ing, had gently squirted the solution virulent pol into the nostrils while he slept, reported, on When a third surrendered her ato- tages in Dr mizer for testing, it was found to be trained nos( so plugged that nothing was coming from Unive: out of the tip. the camp wi Investigations carried on at and treated University Hospital with dyes and had been p X-rays meanwhile revealed that the 10 days of normal atomizer and the normal passed, and method of spraying noses failed to ported. cover satisfactorily the areo of the At presen olfactory nerves. deal with th With these findings in mind, Dr. lution to ch Peet and his assistants formulated in the proper these rules: the sprays, to be effec- ing. For the tive, must be administered by com- the "Proetz' petent nose and throat specialists, head hangs trained in nasal irrigations; and the with the cl atomizer must be one with a longI center of th narrow, metal tip especially suited for 4 the zinc sul the work. (In local study a De into each nc nizer No. 156 with a spray N.C. was found to be best ;he work.) experimentation evolved of the three daily treat- wed by single fortnightly although Dr. Schultz's ndicated immunity for a Peet's research also de- e minimum of one cubic required for each nostril. ctory Sense Lost sting point brought out study was the loss or at .mpairment of the sense ollowing the treatments. tdents who were tested, ported no harmful effects ctory sense, returning to week or two weeks de- the number of sprayings. spray ready for use, the mer at last brought tests iency, and, according to omplete satisfaction with "As yet no cases have ed in which the spray has n applied by competent ocal surgeon reports. He f the latest emergencies ple. 11 isolated camp in Nor- gan whose 26 boys were in sociation, nine cases of iomyelitis were suddenly e of the highest percen- . Peet's knowledge. Two e and throat specialists rsity Hospital rushed to th the zinc sulfate spray, the campers all of whom plentifully exposed. The the incubation period no further cases were re- Lt Dr. Peet's researches he application of 'the so- ildren too young to keep position for nasal spray- em, Dr. Peet recommends position, in which the over the end of a table hiri vertically above the he' ear. In this position fate solution is dropped ostril, with the child re- (Continued from Page 2); blanks of the school or college in which the student is registered, and{ return these reports to the registrar. , Grades for students registered in any other units than the above should' be sent directly to the Secretaries of the schools, or colleges concerned. Daughters of Atreus: A few tickets' are still available for the Wednesday and Thursday performances of this last presentation of the Michigan Repertory Players. Call Lydia Men-' delssohn box-office, 6300. Graduate Students in Education who have taken Education C116, C216, C201, or C204 in previous ses- sions are-requested to call for their term papers, if they have not done' so already, at Room 4016 University High School.' Michigan Dames cordially invite the wives of students and internes to. the weekly bridge party, Wednesday at 2 p.m. in the Grand Rapids Room{ Michigan League. Both contract and, maining in the head-down position for at least two minutes. One problem arises out of the fact auction will be played. School of Music Library materials on loan by Summer Session students must be returned to the Library, Room 606, Tower, by Wednesday, August 18. School of Music credits are withheld until all school property is returned. Henry Bruinsma, Librarian. Pi Lambda Theta: New members please call at the Pi Lambda Theta room in the University Elementary School for your pins on Wednesday from 4:30 to 5 p.m. If this is im- possible, call Geil Duffendack, tele- phone 7247. "The Need for Teaching Tech- niques of Cooperation," is the topic of the lecture to be given by Prof. S. A. Courtis in University High School Auditorium at 4:05 p.m. this afternoon. Student Recital: Miss Alice May Hoffman, violinist, North Liberty, In- diana, will give a graduation recital in partial fulfillment of the require- ments of the Bachelor of Music de- gree, Wednesday evening, Aug. 18, 8:30 p.m. in the School of Music Au- ditorium. The general public is in- vited to attend. She will be accom- of the fall semester the General Li- brary will be closed evenings, but service will be maintained in the Main Reading Room, the Periodical Reading Room, the Medical Read- ing Room, and the Circulation De- partment fromd8 a.m. till 6 p.m., with the exception of the period from Aug. 30 to Sept. 6, when the building is closed completely while extensive repairs are in progress. Graduate Reading Rooms, and Study Halls both within. and outside of the main building will be closed until the op- ening of the fall semester. All de- partmental and collegiate libraries, with the exception of the Transpor- tation Library, are also closed during this interval. The Bureau has received notice of the following civil service examina- tions: Safety instructor, $1,800 a yer, and assistant safety instructor, $1, 620 a year; bureau of mines, depart- ment of the Interior. Instructor of weaving, $2,000 a year; Indian field service (including Alaska), Department of the Interior. For further information, please call at the office, 201 Mason Hall. University Bureau of Appoint- ments and Occupational In- formation. First Mortgage L o a n e: The University has a limited amount of funds to loan on modern well-located Ann Arpor property. Interest at current mates. Apply Investment Of- fice, Room 100, South Wing, Univer- sity Hall. Alice Hoffman To Give Violin Recital Tonight Alice May Hoffman, violinist, of North Liberty, Ind., will give a grad- uation recital in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Music degree at 8:30 p.m. today, in the School of Music Auditorium. Mr. Myron S. Myers will accompany Miss Hoffman at the piano. Miss Hoffman' will play Schumann's Sonata: "Mit Leidenschaftlichem Ausdruck," "Allegretto," "Lebhaft," Bruch's Concerto: "Allegro Moder- ato," "Adagio," "Allegro." Other movements will be "Vogel als Pro- phet" by Schumann-Auer, "Knott ing" by Moffet, "Eclogue," by Akli- manko, Juon's "Arva" and Novacek's "Perpetuum Mobile." that the pontocaine must be omitted panied at the piano by Mr. Myron from the formula for this nasal douching, because in the head-down position it might enter the accessory sinuses and pharynx, and through its anesthetic action eliminate the cough reflex, opening the way for pneumonia. The current experimentation aims at finding the percentage of children who will be adequately protected by this nasal douching, along with the proper dose and a possible substi- tute for the anesthetic. Even with- out these further advances, however, the spray is ready for a major test, and after that will be ready to take its place as a tremenduous advance in the march of medica lscience, cap- able of eliminating poliomyelitis just as previous research wiped yellow fever off the civilized globe. S. Myers. The Intramural Sports BuildingI will be closed Friday, Aug. 20, at 6 p.m. All lockers must be vacated or renewed for the school year by that date, the fee being $2.50 for the period from Sept. 21 to June, 1938. Student Loans: There will be a meeting of the Loan Committee in Room 2, University Hall on Aug. 18 to consider loans for the coming school year. Any one in Ann Arbor who has recently filed an application for a loan should make an appoint- ment to meet the Committee at this meeting. In the interim between the close of the Summer Session and the opening "Report and r "Y:iri".... : ":Yp X "!4 :G h f7Wi3eR . . r:. .v4 r r IL " :?tfn . " -".,K^5:r "...r.. r. >1 . L .::.etc..;;:.;': :-""°:>';::;'.:.;:.,, f ,Q. . .-J-r . . Y a. C" -.i J N . , l r: .,. s ".6 L { > ..."'tiTTT .3" 7, + . a " Y h." LL '"y, 4 rr . :s . . ,r .:. Win,. ....) ".: , ..:..:..:.:.........,. ::= >.x T r C r ,F .3 K i T. a .J. YJ. . r x-:k .. s .4,., f. < Y x. 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