HUE MICHIGAN DIAILZY THURSDAY, TUY 16, 1939 THE MICHIGAN DAILY Official Publication of the Summer Session Ic~ ftxtj r= make yourselves proof against chauvinistic argu- ments, unless, in short, you regard human life as of more importance than several square feet of land or any amount of foreign trade. The really tragic element is that in the same paper which bore the announcement of the meet- ing of these 20,000 converted pacifists, were the following stories. War planes are demonstrated by France at Le Bourget Field. Tie-up of dictators seen as Mussolini quits anti- Reich camp. Japan plans eight railways and an auto road in North China. Secret pledge made by Austria to Hitler to build up her army. Anschluss is now considered as being a mere matter of time. Czechs suspicious of Reich pledge of Austrian independence. the Austria tightens press censorship, threatening i foreign writers. THU r~rRSDYJUY16 13 6 - 'Zn - Published every morning except Monday during1 University year and Summer Session by the Board Control of Student Publications. Member of the Western Conference Editorial Assoc tion and the Big Ten News Service. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The. Associated Press is exclusively entitled to thei for republication of all news dispatches credited to it not otherwise credited in this paper and the local ne published herein. All rights of republication ofaspe dispatches are reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, second class matter. Special rate of postage granted Third Assistant Postmaster-General. Subscription during summer by carrier, $1.50, by m $2.00. During regular school year by carrier, $4.00; mail, $4.50. Offices: Student Publications Building, Maynard Stre Ann Arbor, Michigan. Phone: 2-1214. Representatives: National Advertising Service, Inc., Madison Ave., New York City. -400 N. Michigan AN Chicago, Ill. ,ia- use. or ews cial as by ail, by eet, 420 ve., It _THE FORUM t ._ EDITORIAL STAFF Telephone e4925 MANAGING EDITOR ............THOMAS E. GROEHN ASSOCIATE EDITOR.............THOMAS H. KLEENE Editorial Director ...............Marshall D. Shulman 9ramatic Critic-.....................John W. Pritchard Assistant Editors:. Clinton B. Conger, Ralph W. Hurd, Joseph S. Mattes, Elsie A. Pierce, Tuure Tenander, Jewel W. Wuerfel. Reporters: Eleanor Bare, Donal Burns, Mary Delnay. M. E. Graban, John Hilpert, Richard E. Lorch, Vincent Moore, Elsie Roxborough, William Sours, Dorothea Staebier, Betty Keenan. BUSINESS STAFF Telephone 2-1214 BUSINESS MANAGER..........GEORGE H. ATHERTON CREDITS MANAGER ...................JOHN R. PARK Circulation Manager................J. Cameron Hall Office Manager.......................... Robert Lodge Letters published in this column should not be construed as expressing the editorial opinion of The Daily. Anonymous contributions will be disregarded. The names of communicants will, however, be regarded as confidential upon request. Contributors are asked to be brief, the editors reserving the right to condense all letters of more than 300 words and, to accept or reject letters upon the criteria of general editorial importance and interest to the campus. Morturi Te Salutamus To the Editor: There was a pretty cruel streak in those old Roman fellows, with their gladiatorial combats. Any American knows that. And what American won't condemn that old Spanish custom, the bullfight, as the perverted pleasure of a decidedly inferior and, of course, non-Nordic race. Well, Nero may have done some fiddling in his time; and the University of Michigan may make its worthy contributions to human enlightenment, while the University's newspaper carries the ad- vertisement: WANTED: Single man to drive stock auto- mobile in a head-on collision with another automobile at the Ft. Miami Racetrack, Toledo, Sunday afternoon only, July 26 .... Must crash at speed of forty miles per hour or no pay. Already have driver for other car. Must give unconditional release in case of injury or death. Wondering now, if it wouldn't be entirely appro- priate for the fellow who takes this little job, as he enters the amphitheatre, to solute sovereignty, in the persons of the assembled American spec- tators with an "Ave, Caesar! Morituri te salu- tamus!" -B. Baum. Two students at the University of Illinois have opened a dating bureau this summer, with the fol- lowing announcemenit: "Due to the forced inactiv- .ity of many students registered in the summer session, in the extra-curricular activity of the University, the Illini Introduction Bureau makes its first appearance on the campus." The Daily Illini tells of the man who always went to bed with a penny in his hand so that if he started tossing in his sleep he'd be prepared. DRAMA MARY OF SCOTLAND A Review Rich with the cavalier color of early Elizabethan times, turgid with the tight-packed interplay of hot tempered and ambitious personalities and fac- tions, Maxwell Anderson's "Mary of Scotland" was meaningfully brought to us last night by a company highly trained in technique and char- acter understanding. Valentine B. Windt, director, has previously shown us that he excels in this particular depart- ment-the manipulation of heavy drama. This production combines the best uses of color, tempo, business, tonal fidelity, and sets (the last compre- hendingly designed by Alexander Wyckoff); but there is more than that: both the finer details of character delineation and the greater, more gen- eralized meanings lying beneath personal conflicts are placed in relief by means of stage craftsman- ship as well as through individual performances. Many interpretations have been made of the characters of Mary and Elizabeth, and many edi- fices of speculation have been erected concern- ing the emotional implications of their conflict. Mr. Anderson, whatever his motives for so doing, chooses in this play to regard Mary as a vital, sympathetic, too-trustful girl-queen who was led astray, despite her native wit, by an idealisml that ignored the inconvenient factor of human na- ture. Elizabeth, on the other hand, is painted as an egotistic incubus, steeped in the lore of Machi- avelli. There were many surprises in the acting. The greatest was the performance of Charles Harrell, as Bothwell. Previously weak, Mr. Harrell ex- ecuted what was then the best performance of his career in low comedy in "Squaring the Circle," and then soared to a magnificent accomplishment as bluntly dynamic Bothwell. He uses his voice effectively in lines requiring forceful delivery and a strong tinge of sarcasm; the two roles are related in that respect; the resulting suggestion is that no one had previously bothered to determine what Mr. Harrell was good at. Second surprise was Virginia Frink's Queen Mary. To my knowledge Miss Frink, always com- petent in comedy roles, has never previously tread the borders of high drama. The role of Mary is almost too big for any amateur; yet Miss Frink filled it, not to perfection, but with great merit. Her variations of mood were good, her best mo- ments being the more tender and wistful ones, al- though her energetic periods were excellent. Her difficulty was that the necessity of reaching her emotional peak early in the show made her later peaks seem rather high plateaux than apexes.. Much credit is due her work. Sarah Pierce again played Elizabeth and only the comparative brevity of her role prevented this intense actress from taking the show single- handed. It was she who vitalised Elizabeth, and, with her subtle inflections and mobile eyebrow and mouth patterns, converted a self-centered ice- berg into a living queen. Too, the contrast be- tween this Elizabeth and the other, older Eliza- beth was carefully drawn. There were no poor performances. -J.W.P. A cypress believed to be 2,500 years old grows in Winn parish, La. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Place advertisements with Classified Advertising Department. Phone2-1214. The classified columns close, at five o'clock previous to day of insertion. Box numbers may be secured at no extra charge. Cash in advance llc per reading line (on basis of five average words to line) for one or two insertions. 10c per read- ing line for three or more insertions. Minimum three lines per insertion. Telephone rate - 15c per reading line for two or more insertions. Minimum three lines per insertion. 10% discount if paid within ten days from the date of last insertion. 2 lines daily, college year...........7c By Contract, per line -2 lines daily, one month .......................e 4 lines E.O.D., 2 months....... .8c 4 lines E.O.D., 2 months........... .tc 100 lines used -as desired ........9ce 300 lines used as desired ...........8e 1,000 lines used as desired..........7c 2,000 linvesusedtas desired.....Oc The above rates are per reading line based on eight reading lines per inch, Ionic type, upper and lower case. Add. 6c per line to above rates for all capital letters. Add 6c per line to above for bold face, upper and lower case. Add lOc per line to above rates for bold face capital letters. The above rates are for 7%j point type. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETI VOL. XLV No. 15 THURSDAY, JULY 16, 1936 Notices Niagara Falls Excursion: Reserva- tions for the Niagara Falls excur- sion, July 17 to 19, should be made at the Office of the Summer Session by this noon, July 16. A deposit of $8.90 for railroad fare will be necessary at the time of reservation. Physical Education: Graduate and (Continued on Page 3) CLASSIFIED ADVERTISI NG_ WANTED Am interested in obtaining an old- fashioned lantern of the type used on horse.and. buggy carriages. Reply Box 160. FOR RENT FOR RENT:,Forest 928. 3-room fur- nished apt. Electric refrigeration. private bath. Electricity fur- nished. Will rent for short or long term. $10 per week. Mrs. Fergu- son. Phone 2-2839. 11 DIES SAYING MOTHER DETROIT, July 15.-0P)---Eighteen- year-old Elizabeth Schaffer's attempt to aid her mother, trapped in their burning residence, cost the girl's life Wednesday. She led two smaller children outside then went back .for her mother, but was trapped. Now! JESSIE MATTHEWS ROBERT YOUNG in the Singing,. Dancing Musical LOVE Also EComedy, Cartoon, News LAUNDRY FOR SALE LAUNDRY WANTED: Student Co- REMINGTON Standard Typewriter ed. Men's shirts 10c. Silks, wools, in excellent condition, $25.00. our specialty. All bundles done sep- Phone 3236. 1208 Ferdon Rd. 10 arately. No markings. Personal sat- isfaction guaranteed. Call for and-- deliver. Phone 5594 any time until 7 o'clock. Silver Laundry, 607 E. Hoover. 3x LAUNDRY 2-1044. Sox darned. Careful work at low price, lx f::rZ:';:::Boa~ttI. Two h~t rOok The Tuition Fee ... TO OUR BEST KNOWLEDGE, there is but one place where complete college education is free to all, and that is in New York City. This week, the Citizens Budget Commission recommended that a tuition fee of $75 be established to help to cover the cost, which is more than $253.15 annually for each student. We do not know the financial'condition in New York, and cannot say whether this is being urged only as a last measure of financial expediency, but the resistance which the proposal is meeting from prominent New York citizens, including Mayor LaGuardia, encourages us to observe that such an act would be one of retrogression. Today it is possible for students to work their way through university, and, through scholarships, loan funds and the NYA, many students are be- ing helped through who would otherwise not be able to attend. Nevertheless, it still remains true for a large group of young people, that their chances of attending a school of higher education are heavily affected by the'economic status of their parents. We believe that these present student aids, slender though they be, are gestures in the direction of the day when education will be open to all who may profit by it, when ability will be the sole determining factor for admission to a college. Such a condition is indispensable to an intelligent populace and an effective democ- racy. DANCING Class & individual in- struction in al types of, dancing. Teachers. course. Open daily dur- ing Summer Session 10 A.M. to- 9 P.M. Phone 9695 Terrace Garden Studio Wuerth Theatre Blg.a ..MMMMMONN- Ir . . i .n The Challenge Of Cooperatives Private Competitive Enterprise Had Better Reform Or- IT tolI, IS ASY lamps renew Like Two Brothers... IN THE RAIN, 20,000 veterans of the World War stood this week at the site of the battle of Verdun and pledged them- selves to peace. They were from fourteen nations-Germany, France, England, Italy, the United States, and others-and they had come together 20 years after the War to commemorate those who have remained at Verdun these 20 years, and to dedicate themselves to the proposition that war is futile and catastrophic. Bedraggled from the rain, mud and their sleep in the rough billets, the soldiers from many na-. tions fraternized spontaneously in Verdun, espe- cially in the restaurants. The rain prevented the program of speeches which had been planned, for which no doubt everyone was grateful. "The 500 Germans naturally were the most ob- served," writes the correspondent of the New York Times. "They bore themselves with tactful- dig- nity, so much so that when they hesitated to un- furl their flag, their French hosts urged them to do so. In the course of the day, moreover, the French deputation accompanied them to one of the German emeteries north of Verdun, where a short commemorative ceremony was held. "As the day wore on, the fraternization of these veterans from fourteen nations was com- plete. It has had no precedent and may be never repeated. It would be pretentious to call it his- toric, yet it may have been more useful than quite a number of diplomatic conversations." The expenses were paid, in part by the Blum government, which is inclined toward pacifism, but politics played no part in the celebration. What a tragic sight it must have been, to see these .20,000 men, who, 20 years ago, through no inclination of their own, were hating each other savagely and trying to impale each other on bay- onets. What a stupid, blind, dumb, unintelligent, imbecilic, undeveloped race of feeble-minded mor- ons we are, that we allow this paradoxical situa- tion to exist-that men who have no hatred of aarh nf a hall ha innmari by rnthrc (not nmax (From Nation's Business) A FEW YEARS AGO, industry looked with tol- erant amusement on efforts of a few daring men who were trying to establish retailer-wned co-operatives. Wholesale grocers scoffed and tried to prevent co-operatives from getting reliable sources of supplies. Manufacturers refused to sell them. But today, it is claimed that about 7000 co- operative societies of all kinds are operating in the United States, with about 2,000,000 mem- bers, and that memberships are growing at the rate of 5 per cent a year. Their total retail trade in 1933 was more than $400,000,000. Their com- bined wholesale and retail sales are said to exceed one billion dollars. In the farm field alone, according to the Co- operative Division of the Farm Credit Adminis- tration, $250,000,000 of the supplies 'used by farm- ers are now purchased co-operatively. Twenty- five large co-operatives, each doing an annual farm supply business of more than a million dol- lars, are rapidly expanding to include housing, groceries and general merchandise. The first co-operative began some 90 years ago when 28 Rochdale (England) weavers pooled their savings for a year, and with the sum-$1401 -set up their own system of buying and distribut- ing goods. The principles they laid down are still used in many organizations of this kind. The in- dividual member had one vote, regardless of the number of shares of stock he might have owned., Most revolutionary of all, they stated that all profits, after a portion had been set aside for education and expansion, should be returned to the purchaser, according to his purchases during the year., * * * * the Federal Government as well. Information may be obtained at Washington on how to start and operate a consumer co-operative. Wiscon- sin has enacted a law requiring the teaching of "consumers' co-operation." The churches are giving the movement open support. Large numbers of conferences and con- ventions of churches in most denominations have gone on record to "aid in their respective commu- nities in the olganization of consumer co-opera- tives." Last year, a meeting representing 4700, clergymen addressed an open letter to the Pres- ident, urging further radical political action to raise the standard of living. It is easily apparent that the consumer co-op- erative moment is not to be ignored. To all those loosely under the term "middlemen," this movement offers a serious challenge, since its purpose is to "cut the price between the pro- ducer and the consumer." The aim is to place a practical check on the profit motive in distribu- tion, with the ultimate object of replacing it with the service motive solely. The record of actual operating progress already made is impressive. The inroads which co-opera- tives have made into private competitive whole- saling and retailing are enormous. If private enterprise insists on ignoring the co- operative, the day seems not far distant when it may find itself replaced. Moreover, if private enterprise intends to do anything about this new rival, the time to do it is now. * * * * What is to be done? The first step is for private industry to stop washing dirty linen in public. The next is to evolve a plan through which the competitive sys- tem will serve the producers and the consumers more efficiently than is possible through any other plan. Assuming that the profit motive is doomed when it fails to serve the common good, assuredly self-interest should force private business to cor- rect some of its faults before it is too late. Third, private business will have to sponsor and direct a sustained educational consumer program in behalf of the economic and social benefits of private competitive enterprise. This section of activity will have to cover informing the public of the restraints and restrictions placed on the retail trade and the processes through which an article goes before being placed on the counter. Fair practices in free and open competition will have to be encouraged, and adiustment mae The Detroit Edison Company's policy of renewing lamp bulbs makes it easy for you to keep your sockets filled with Mazda lamps of the right sizes. All you need do is to bring your BURNED OUT lamps to any Detroit Edison office, present your most recent electric bill for identification, and you will be given new lamps for old. The Company's rule- requiring you to bring your electric bill for identification is partly for your protection since it keeps others who are not Detroit Edison customers from getting lamps which you pay for in your rate for electric service. Also, this practice eliminates wasteful. renewals and provides the Company with the necessary records on lamps passed out. As part of its lamp renewal service, the Company will gladly advise you as to the proper sizes of lamps to fit your various needs, and will exchange large sizes for small, and vice versa. The next time you exchange~lamps, GET THE RIGHT SIZE. Note: Lamps are renewed without extra charge only for residential and commercial customers paying lighting rates and in the following sizes: 25 W, 40 W, 60 W, 100W, 150W, 200W, 300W, 500W, and three-lite lamp, 100, 200-300 W The Detroit Edisonn Co.. I 11 F The idea caught on. Last year, the two co-opera- tive wholesales in England and Scotland were the central organizations for over 2,000 retail co- operative societies. These joint wholesales owned, controlled and operated for the consumer mem- bers some 150 factories and manufacturing plants. They owned their coal mines, tea plantations in Ceylon and India. They were the largest single' purchaser of Canadian wheat, buying it straight from the fields. American co-operatives cannot rival those of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland, New Zea- land or Germany, where they handle more than 40 ner cent of all retail and wholesale distribu- i 11 11 I III