T HE MICHIAN DAILY FRIDAY, AUG. 21, 1936 v. _ ,._ . .. _ri:n4 k._.. , THE MICHIGAN DAILY Offlcial Publication of the Summer Session .ic}; " 40f TI r Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session by the Board in Oontrol of Student Publications. Member of the Western Conference Editorial Assoca- tion sand she Big Ten News Service. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and the local news published herein. All rights of republication of special dispatches are reserveds. Entered pt the PostvOffice at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second clas matter. Special rate of postage granted by Third Assistant Postmaster-General. Subscription during summer by carrier, $1.50, by mail, $2.00, Durng regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by Offices: Student Publications Building, Maynard Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Phone: 2-1214. Representatives: National Advertising Service, Inc., 420 Madison Ave., New York City.-400 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill EDITORIAL STAFF Telephone 4925 IVANGING EDITOR ...........THOMAS E. GROEHN ASSOCIATE EDITOR ..........THOMAS H. KLEENE Editorial Director ................Marshall D. Shulman ramhatic Critic ..............John W. Pritchard Assistant kditors: Clinton B. Conger, Ralph W. Hurd, Joseph T. Mattes, Elsie A. Pierce, Tuure Tenander, Jewel W. Wuerfel. Reporters: El.anor Bar, Donal Burns, Mary Delnay, M. E. Graban, John Hilpert, Richard E. Lorch, Vincent Moore, Elsie Roxborough, William Sours, Dorothea Staebler, Betty Keenan. BUSINESS STAFF Telephone 2-1214 BUSINESS MANAGER..2....GEORGE H. ATHERTON CREDITS MANAGER .................JOHN S. PARK Circulation Manager .................J. Camero Hal Office Manager........................Robert Lodge Last Word . . TrHE PAST EIGHT WEEK$ have seen some interesting events re- flected in these pages. Locally, the Board of Education passed a ruling declaring in terms so general that they offer no protection to a teacher, that controversial issues may be taught, providing it is done upon a sound basis of factual knowledge. The local paper observed in commenting editorially upon this ruling, that any teacher who takes active part in political movements outside the class- room ought to be dismissed . . . New University buildings continue to rise in Ann Arbor. The University of Michigan will soon be a beau- tiful institution, with a bell tower and new graduate and music schools. No one, however, as yet thought of the two most crying needs of the University-a dormitory for men and financial support for the faculty. The insult supreme was the canvassing of scandalously underpaid faculty men for contributions to the tower .. . A great surprise was the instantaneous reaction to the letter by "Southern Gal" in these pages. A letter which ought to have brought forth a kind and sympathetic word brought in- stead a barrage of vituperation and revealed an intense sectional feeling on the campus. Nationally, the presidential campaign has made the most news. The two major platforms show a similarity of detail, but differ, greatly in spirit. Republicans stand for States' rights, non- interference with business except for a higher tariff, and a contraction of Federal power and operations. Democrats stand for continu- ance of a policy of regulation of laissez faire at its weakest point-monopolies, for reciprocal trade agreements as a step toward lower tariffs, and interference with business to the extent that is necessary in order to secure a fair return to labor . . . Labor will be considerably weakened by a split over the question of whether organi- zation shall be by industries or by crafts. Ten powerful unions, members of the C.11O., will probably leave the A.F. of L. as a result and the struggle has developed a painful schism between skilled and unskilled workers at a time when labor needs all the unity it can muster. Mem- bers of a newly formed Non-Partisan Labor group decided to support Roosevelt in this elec- tion, hoping to' form a genuine Labor party be- fore the next election and to win the election after next . . . One of the funniest angles to the numerous strikes going on this summer is the story that is told regarding the American News- paper Guild strike against the Seattle Post-In- telligencer. The Guild strikers have been joined by the Teamsters', Loggers' and Longshoremen's Unions, whose members are burly. It is said that when some of Berghoff's strikebreakers appeared, they were beaten after their own manner by the equally tough strikers. It would have been worth watching . . . Strikes have continued un- abated all during these eight weeks, with pros- pects for increase rather than diminution in the fall. Although the steel strike wasn't exactly successful because Lewis had to fight the steel industry on one side and the A.F. of L. on the other, and industries like Rand have moved whole plants rather than comply with strikers' demands, indications are that labor's strength is growing to the point where it can not long be denied ... One could overlook the nonsensi-' cal and contradictory utterances of Father Coughlin and the rest of his unholy trinity, were it not for the astounding fact that thousands of people throughout the country take his words as gospel. 'Tntarsnoalhr the hia- noeso ha ennthe BOOKS HITLER, A Biography by Rudolf Olden, Trans- lated by Walter Ettinghausen. New York: Covici-Friede, 1936. $3.00. (Review Copy Courtesy of Wahr's Bookstore) A WHILE before Hitler became dictator, jour- nalist Dorothy Thompson wrote: "When I walked into Adolf Hitler's salon I was convinced that I was meeting the future Dictator of Ger- many. In less than fifty seconds I was sure I was not. It took just that time to measure the startling insignificance of this man who had set the world agog." One doesn't expect Dorothy Thompson to make mistakes; why didshe err here? Who is Adolf, the little putty-faced Aus- trian whose badges of dictatorship are a swas- tika and a moustache that acts as underpinning for his nose? What combination of innate char- acter and externalities brought him to the dic- tatorship? Rudolf Olden attacks his biography from a standpoint of psychology, which is the only right way in this case at least, because the whole Hitler story is one of an unusually constructed individual employing mass psychology with weird success. A visiting Michigan professor, on be- ing approached by this writer with a propo- sition to go over and hypnotize Hitler, re- marked, "The only trouble is that Hitler would probably hypnotize us." The remark contained more truth than one might think. Mr. Olden has dug deep into official and extra-official archives for his material; addi- tionally, his former editorship of the Berliner Tageblatt has given him first-hand contact with the German political scene during Hitler's rise. Now the author is in exile, and holds an appointment at Oxford. The thoroughness of his researches is apparent on every page: he accepts nothing at its whole value, but analyzes, reconstructs, and does everything but algebra in order to thresh out the truth that is buried in a smothering mass of propaganda. At one point, for example, he devotes pages of conflicting evidence and arithmetic to show that Hitler did not arrive in Vienna at fourteen, as "My Battle" would have us believe, but at nineteen, a fact which has enormous bearing on the development of his character. For all that, the biography is very readable. Possibly the author sometimes goes a little awry, his reasoning leaping factual synopses of enormous breadth in order to get at a conclu- sion: he may; for example, proceed too rapidly in concluding, from indirect evidence, that Hit- ler is homosexual; yet, when Mr. Olden's sug- gestions are capable of two interpretations, he is very careful to indicate the fact. He pre- sents all probable conclusions, and then empha- sizes the one he prefers. He gives us a Hitler who lacks every qualifica- tion for political enterprise except one: temp- erament. Mr. Olden's Hitler began as a petit bourgeois in upper Austria; starved as hack painter in Vienna; served in the war as a cor- poral on office duty behind the front, and won a distinguished service cross for inexplicable reasons; became propagandist for the army; al- lied himself with a small political party (the Na- tional Socialists); screamed his way to notoriety in Bavaria; organized a putsch that made him dictator of Bavaria, and which three days later ended in a fiasco; served six months in prison for treason; on emerging, continued active lead- ership in the party until he had shouted and sobbed and battered his way to national fame and the largest representation in parliament; had a decisive encounter with President Von Hindenburg, after which his strength began to weaken; then, just as his power was beginning THE FORUMr Letters published in this column should not beI construed as expressing the editorial opinion of Thet Daily. Anonymous contributions will be disregarded. The names of communicants will, however, be regarded as confidential upon request. Contributors are asked to be brief, the editors reserving the right to condense All letters of more than 300 words and to accept or reject letters upon the criteria of general editorial importance and interest to the campus. Liberalism To the Editor: I want to congratulate you most heartily on the liberalism you have displayed during the period of the summer school. If this method is continued during the regular year, the Uni- versity of Michigan will take a foremost place for real progress. Cordially yours, -M. Levi. EDITOR'S NOTE: Thank you, Professor Levi. Over a period of several years, you have been our most faithful correspondent. The ideal which you have fought for, free- dom in its various forms in order that true democracy and world peace may be main- tained, is one that merits the respect and support of all intelligent men. However, one ought iot to be compli- mented on his liberalism. In so far as it means a group of attitudes free as is human- ly possible from prejudices, is it not to be expected that liberalism will exist, if any- where, in our college journals? to pick up speed on its way down the skids into oblivion, he won the chancellorship of Germany -and the rest we know. Germany, of course, has been in a state of seething unrest since the war. But why wasn't it Kurt von Schleicher, or von Papen, or Hjal- mar Schacht, or some similar leader, who gained the dictatorship? Events conspired with them, too. Is Hitler so far superior to them in ability? He is, according to Mr. Olden, superior in only two ways: temperament, and propagandizing ability. He is intolerant, brutal-BRUTALITY is his watchword-yet he himself cannot make a decision, and time and again he has placed his subordinates in embarrassing positions be- cause of this vacillation. He is a master of crowd psychology; yet he is very far from being an intellectual giant. He has written a mighty book, "Mein Kampf" (My Battle), embodying his po- litical philosophy, but this book contain nothing but the same old idea or two, reshaped (and sometimes not very well reshaped) and reiter- ated over and over again, in sentences that make Thorndike as lucid as a McGuffey Reader. But he epitomizes, in his policies, brutality and force, actually practiced and carried an inordinate distance; and when he speaks, he shouts stirring inanities at his listeners until he has them worked up to fever pitch, whereat he loses control, goes into a trance, shouts, screams, and sobs inco- herencies like an abstraction of all madnesses. And he has them. This biography is soundly constructed, rooted deep in scholarship and ratiocinative activity, and highly useful. -John W. Pritchard. The blam-jam fools who have been curtailing the activities of our munitions plants ought to hand their heads in shame; and, furthermore, they should be placed in the front line of the army which may be needed to repel invaders.- Bernarr Macfadden, in Liberty. London style show displays shoes with heels 10 inches high. They are very attractive and it is almost possible to walk in them. Interview A S To the Editor: If this Hamilton is such a smart T campaign manager, why does he al-T low these news reels of Governor Landon be shown around the coun- Willia try? Or is Farley doing that? There is one, an interview with Senator Vandenberg, that goes some- THEREi thing like this: "Well Governor, what to rec do you think of the farm problem?" the avera "Well Senator, I think something The traits should be done about it." "Well Gov- statistical ernor, what do you think about world not be as peace?" "Well Senator, I'm in favor ist might of it," etc. ably be m Then there is the one where the A grou governor rides a horse. This one has and 100,0 certainly cost him the horse-lovers' en from w vote. The governor is no gaucho. acteristics Heywood Broun says that every workingf time Landon speaks on the radio the chosen f odds against him go up a point. The transport odds must double every time one of 10 per ce his news reels is shown around the cent, whi country. -Joseph Gies, '39 ufacturin averages Data on C I PPI NGS proportion United S Arbitration recorded, data wer (Felix Warburg in the Nei Republic) acteristic IF ONE of these days you are hand- T ed a summons-and it happens to The la the best of men--you'll suffer an in- ssts oft stant of acute terror and then you'll little ove: wonder what you're going to do about thepopu it. Not every layman is aware of it, things. but there is one thing you can do, slxth (ln once a legal battle is inevitable, selling a Instead of worrying along through the frustration, delay and expense Answc of going to court, you can, if your opponent is willing, arbitrate-thus (From saving months, perhaps years, of ap- prehension over the outcome, greatly Wllial reducing or even eliminating the ex- presiden pense of legal counsel, and saving sociation your local taxpayers a minimum of State po $50 for every day your case would to4 dec have been before a jury. Supreme Suppose you become embroiled in minimu a dispute that seemsuheaded for the from th courts. You and your opponent de- the Alba cide to arbitrate. You write to the in the American Arbitrati'on Association Journal: headquarters at 521 Fifth Avenue, The o New York City and steps to complete gavepr the arbitration are takenat once. terpre The hearing may take place at the acted headquarters of some local organiza- State tion, perhaps a chamber of com- the St merce. From the local panel, some ed by arbitrator satisfactory to both sides of wh is selected. In an important case, could three arbitrators may serve: each and h side chooses one, the two selected The choose a third, or the association Unite may appoint all three. If technical State matters are involved, a man with the S the special knowledge required is witht chosen. You can have an attorney statut if you want one and if you duly no- trary tify your opponent of your intention, As th but it isn't essential. Then the hear- is to ar ing is arranged and the matter is this im settled in an informal, businesslike answere fashion within a few weeks after the answer dispute first arose. First, This short cut to justice was large- to-3 de ly made possible by a group of lead- had no ing New York business men who, in the Sup 1926, merged existing arbitration District groups into the American Arbitra- controll tion Association, and set out to estab- But, s lish a sound basis for the practice cepted t of arbitration. Arbitration had often court been attempted before, but there cidedrti was no standardized procedure or putdit nation-wide machinery available. York co Many arbitrations had failed because sioriin the local laws were inadequate to en- Court's force them. * * *f Coln These business men of 1926 revi- Third talized th~e laws which provide that responsl when men agree in writing to arbi- other, w trate, the courts are closed to them falls sh j until they fulfill this obligation; and have a that when an award is made, the Fourt courts will enforce it. In nearly all Justice states, some laws are in effect. deis, St Today, the association embraces a tion oft systeyofro itraUnitedSthat.reaches quired1 every. corner o h ntdSae n the Dist functions in nearly every industry., there is There are facilities in 1600 cities, and tween t there are 7000 members of the official Final panel of arbitrators. The associa- tion's arbitrators have been called Ransom upon to decide everything from the Suprem quality of ivory nuts to whether an court's actress' baby was as "act of God"; statute. everything, in fact, that causes con- upheld tending parties to clash in civil suit. foundL. n iv si preme C Arbitration is benefiting the public by state in a thousand ways it never suspects,.ysa An association of all the grain deal- on appe ers has for years effected, through ar- bitration, savings that have'indirect- arises, t ly resulted in lower prices for grain tion cla products. The building industry the dray generally refers disputes to arbitra- provides r tion, thus reducing costs and ulti-; mert a mately helping the home builder. must, i The same is true of manufacturers of arbitrat textiles, with resultant savings on importa 1 clothing prices. Even furs are less ties mu expensive because the New York tion ist trade has a very efficient system of Under arbitration. party k No claim is too large or too small On cla for arbitration. Members of the $5; und New York Stock Exchange arbitrate 1 per c claims that run into hundreds of These p thousands of dollars. A large clean- trators, ing and dyeing firm uses arbitration, sociatio settling claims often involving only ganizati a few dollars. Ther What might be accomplished by abouta applying arbitration on a large scale men as was illustrated recently in New York Headed City, when 2,500 cases pending in the Hoover, lower courts, which were already two J. Wat to four years behind, were transferred cius R. by the litigants to the American Ar- business bitration Association. local c m F. Ogburn in Public m Management t is some interest in trying s ord the characteristics of S ge American city in 1930. presented will all be those t ly measurable. They may n interesting as those a tour- f observe, but they will prob- e more accurately described. p of cities between25,000W 00 in population were hos- p vhich to compute the char- a of the average city. The populations of these citiesh or study were engaged in ation to the extent of about m nt, in trade to about 16 per f le 38 per cent were in man-c gg, which per cents are the s fgor the total urban areas. 33 such cities distributed i nately in all parts of thea tates except the south werev and the averages of these e considered to be the char- s of the average city. * * * rgest class of workers con-t those in manufacturing. A r one-third (37 per cent) of ilation at work are making Between one-fifth and one-e 7 per cent) are buying anda n din that way making thev gring Mr. Ransom the St. Louis Post Dispatch)n m L. Ransom of New York,s t of the American Bar As-t *, says he does "not see howt wers are nullified" by the 5- ,ision of the United Statest Court in the New Yorkf n wage case. We quote e text of an address before any Law School, as printedx American Bar Association1 ourt of appeals of New York1 its construction and in- tation of the statute en- by the legislature of the of New York and held that ate statute as so interpret-' it went beyond the limits at the State government do in abridging the rights reedom of adult women. Supreme Court of the d States was bound by the court's interpretation of tate statute, and agreed the State court that the e as so construed was con- to constitutional right. e net effect of this reasoning gue against a rehearing for portant case, it needs to be d. The several steps to the are simple and easy to follow. the New York court, in a 4- cision, said in effect that it choice in the matter-that reme Court decision in the of Columbia case of 1923 ed& econd, the Supreme Court ac- the decision of the New York as if the latter court had de- he case on its merits, or, to another way, as if the New urt had comeato its conclu- dependently of the Supreme earlier action in the District mbia case. iwith each court placing the bility for the decision on the we have judicial review that ort of providing that which we right to expect. h, there is the belief of Chief Hughes and Justices Bran- one and Cardozo that rejec- the New York law is not re- by the adverse decision in trict of Columbia case; that s an essential difference be- hem. ly, it does not follow, as Mr. says, that the United States e Court is bound by a state interpretation of a state Statetlaws which have been by state courts have beenj unconstitutionalsby the Su- Court and state laws rejected e courts have been sustained eal to the Supreme Court. the inclusion of the "arbitra- ause" is becoming general in wing of contracts. This clause s that any future disagree- arising out of the contract f either party desires it, be ed. In all but 13 industrially nt states, however, both par- st agree to arbitrate if litiga- to be avoided . r A. A. A. procedure, each nows exact costs in advance. ims under $500, the fee is ider $1,000, $10; it averages cent of the amount involved. payments go, not to the arbi- but to help support the as- an, which is a non-profit or- Aon. panel of 7,000 arbitrators is as tamper-proof a group of s it is possible to assemble. by Owen D. Young, Herbert Charles M. Schwab, Thomas. son, Daniel Willard and Lu- Eastman, it extends down to s and professional leaders in ommunities. Serving without ciologist Reconstructs "he Average American City oney with which to buy the things hey need. About one-tenth are en- aged in moving objects and per- ons from one place ' to another. lightly more than one in 10 (10.7 er cent) are following an occupa- ion little developed in former times, amely, writing, copying, figuring, ling, etc. The inhabitants of Av- ragetown require one in eight or ine persons (11.6 per cent) of the orking population to render them iersonal services, such as preparing nd serving food, laundering, clean- ag, cutting hair, etc. There is 'a igher type of service requiring much more training, as in law, teaching, nedicine, dentistry and other pro- essions. About one in 11 (8.7 per :ent) is required for such high grade ervices. Finally, one in 50 is normal- y engaged in some public service, uch as protecting property from fire nd theft, inspecting, and in doing arious services for the city. The average city requires about three (2.7) police for every 1,000 of the ordinarily employed population. A slightly larger number (3.7) of offi- cials and inspectors and guards are needed. To minister to our physi- cal ills four (3.9) physicians are available for every. 1,000 of the working population. The need for & lawyer seems to be slightly greater (4.2) and that of a preacher slightly less (3.1). All these services appear to be necessities. On the other hand, music, which may not be considered so much a necessity, calls for more teachers and performers (48) than there are doctors, preachers or law- yers. About six times as many teachers (23.8) as there are in any one of these other professions are wanted by the inhabitants. In the average city two out of three. persons are of native stock, that is, born of native born parents. This proportion is about the same in the. Northern and Southern city. But in the Southern city one person out of three that one meets is likely to be a Negro; while in the Northern city he will be either foreign-born or the son or daughter of an immigrant. Of thosq who are not of native stock, one out of three will be foreign born and the other two will be children of for- eign-born parents. The average city is slightly more attractive to women than to men, if we take their presence to be an indi- cation, for there are only 97 men to every 100 women in the average city. While there are more women in the average city than there are men, those who earn a money income are largely men. Yet in this generalized typical city, one in every four adult women is working outside the home. The average person employed in a factory earns at the rate of about $1,300 a year. This figure is deter- mined by dividing the total factory pay roll of the city by the sum of the average numberhemployed per month in factories. The rate is thus prob- ably underestimated, but the actual earnings of an average employe are probably less, since unemployment or partial employment is not consid- ered. This figure includes payments to women and young persons as well as to men. In retail stores the fig- ure is about the same, $1,350. In the typical city of the South, the rate of earnings is lower, $960 in manufac- turing and $1,190 in retail stores. The average family that rents a dwelling pays $28 a month for it. this figure is undoubtedly higher than the median rent, or the rent paid by the typical wage earner. In the South the average rent is $18. * * * The family in Averagetown con- sists generally of only three or four persons, including boarders and rela- tives, considering two persons as a minimum family. More exactly, 100 families contain in the average Northern city 333 persons, which is 3.3 persons per family. The average Southern city the number is 3.5. In the average city, six out of every 10 adults over 15 years of age are married, and about one in 10 is wid- owedsordivorced. Thus three in 10 are single, which in modern times may result from the demands of civ- ilization being so great that not many young persons between 15 and 18 can get married. In any case, four out of 10 persons in the average city are not married, whatever may be the so- cial significance. The tax load on the average citizen who works is probably around $80 in the average city. This is about one- seventeenth of the average wage earner's annual income;but there is not much meaning to this fraction, since taxes are distributed unequally. Viewed in another way, the tax is only $32 a year per capita. What does the average person get for $32? Police protection, garbage collection, the use of paved streets, etc. Wheth- er he could get more for that $32 if he spent it for other things is a ques- tion which each one may ask himself. But he gets a good deal for his taxes in goods and services that are es- sential. The resident of the average city has not paid as he went along. So his city Post-Morter On Dramatic Season -Repertory Players Achieve High Level Of Performance- By JOHN W. PRITCHARD THIS is a triumphant requiem, a dirge for Caesar; post-mortems are digging into en- trails, and this column is not to be primarily that; Shakespeare's bones are not disturbed with impunity. Whether this summer was the best that the Michigan players have ever allowed us to the dangers of a European class war sent diplo- mats into another ineffectual non-intervention pact, headed by Blum of France . . . European diplomats have otherwise been taking quiet vacations. Just after the Englishmen in the Foreign Office had left for the country, came the notes simultaneously from the Italians and the Germans announcing acceptance of the in- vitation to the Locarno conference in the fall, with so many reservations that the likelihood is that the Locarno will do just what the advance Locarno session between France, Belgium and Great Britain did-nothing . . . The Olympics have been a failure. The Jarret disqualifica- tion and the peculiar circumstances surrounding the inactivity of Michigan's Stoller, combined with a host who congratulated only Nordic vic- tors (what a joke it is that the colored boys from the United States have been taking innu- merable firsts!) set no example of sportsman- ship for the world to follow. It must have been a great strain for the Nazis to suspend their usual ,activities while the visitors were around . . . Russia seems about to execute a mouthful of Zinovieffs-Trotzkyites, who were among the first to support the party in its bottle stages. Trotzky, in Norway, denies the affair, but those who are being held in Russia have for some reason confessed to a plot against the life of Stalin. These eight weeks have been exciting. If there is anything in the way of editorializing that we may say before the last issue goes to press, let it enjoy, I am not prepared to say. That the players proceeded from triumph to triumph, with no letdown from the production angle, I have no hesitation in stating. Therefore, the Mich- igan Repertory Players die not, but sleep mere- ly, and snore rather loudly out of their fitful dreams of recent glory. There are flaws . . . There are always flaws; no company misses them; the difference lies in the placing of those flaws. In brief, make your mistakes, but pick your moment. Most of the flaws were minor, in that they did not jeopardize a major element of a play. Apeces and a Few Nadirs Such major errors as existed were generally in the vehicle rather than in the production. Some of the high and low spots of the season follow: Finest performance: Charles Harrell as Both- well in "Mary of Scotland." Weakest performance: Charles Harrell as Er- hart Borkman in "John Gabriel Borkman." Finest feminine performance: Sarah Pierce as Mrs. Ella Rentheim in "John Gabriel Borkman." Most laudable reversal of form: Virginia Frink, who, in the title role of "Mary of Scotland," achieved high excellence as a tragedian, although she had previously played nothing ,but comedy (to my knowledge). Best vehicle: "Mary of Scotland," by Maxwell Anderson. Worst vehicle (in the sense that it reminded one of a very competent bullfrog trying to be a cow): "The Old Maid," Pulitzer Prize play by Zoe Akins. Best production: "Mary of Scotland," directed by Valentine B. Windt. Some We Missed This critic always gets his stories cut. This is the best apology I can make to some of those individuals whose acting passed unnoticed. Briefly I'd like here to mention Nancy Bow- man, whose rotund merrymaking is always amus- ing and excellent; Josh Roach, who played to