VALE TWd% THE ICHI N 11 l itv w7lJ1VDAY ytiVs..7P. 16, 1926 8. .A .' a13~. Ia aa1a LT .na j ' L ,n. 1 L.41 ~UYDAY ,AUG. 16, 193~ THE MICHIGAN DAILY Official Publication of the Summer Session Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session by the Board in Control of Student Publications. Member of the Western Conference Editorial Associa- tion and the Big Ten News Service. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The AssocIated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and the local news published herein. All" rights of republication of special dJspatches are reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second class matter. Special rate of postage granted by Third Assistant Postmaster-General. Subscription during summer by carrier, $1.50, by mail, $2.00. During regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by m at., +4.i0. " Offices: Student Publications Building, Maynard Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Phone: 2-1214. Representatives: National Advertising Service, Inc., 420 Madison Ave., New York City.-400 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill EDITORIAL STAFF 'Telephone 4925 MANAGING EDITOR ............THOMAS E. GROEHN "ASOCIATE EDITOR...........THOMAS H. KLEENE Editorial Director................Marshall D. Shulman Dramatic critic......................John W. Pritchard Ostant editors: Clinton B. Conger, Ralph W. Hurd, Joseph b. Mattes, Elsie A. Pierce, Tuure Tenander, Jewel W. 'Nuerfel. Reporters: Eleanor Barc, Donal Burns, Mary Delnay, M. E. Graban, John Hilpert, Richard E. Lorch, Vincent Moore, Elsie Roxborough, William Sours, Dorothea Staebler Betty Keenan. BUSINESS STAFF Telephone 2-1214 BUSINESS MANAGER........GEORGE H. ATHERTON 0EDITS MANAGER ...................JOHN S. PARK Circulation Manager .................J. Cameron Hall Office anager...........................Robert Lodge Week-End Editorial Round-Up .. . .eon glum HE BOAST of Leon Blum that France has seen under his Popular Front premiership the "greatest social movement which has been accomplished since the founda- tion of the Third Republic ... without any shed- +ding of blood but by persuasion only" is justified, it seems, by the record of sixty-five new laws passed in the ten week session of the Parliament, which adjourned Friday for the summer vaca- tion, Among the measures which are now law and have changed the whole social system of France in the direction indicated by the Popular Front election, according to the New York Times, are the forty-hour week, collective bargaining be- tween employers and trade unions, paid vaca- tions, nationalization of armaments manufacture, prolongation of the school age, reform of the statutes of the Bank of France, penalties for fiscal evasion, revision to some degree of taxes, control of prices, formation of a wheat board and the organization of the coal market. In addition, Mr. Blum's conciliatory attitude toward Germany during these trying months has made the London and Geneva conferences much easier than they were when Laval represented France. Under him, business has not prospered, but it is hoped that with a revision of the tax system and seasonal increase in fiscal affairs before the fall, the Popular Front can avoid a devaluation of the franc and may strengthen its position. .Scial Security NE YEAR FROM the time that President Roosevelt put his signa- ture on the Social Security Act (although the Congressional appropriation did not come until February), more than one million people are being aided by the Federal government with grants of forty-eight million dollars a year, which are added to state funds, and forty-five per dent of the eligible workers of the country are already covered by unemployment insurance. The Social Security Board has approved plans for the assistance of the needy aged in thirty- eight states, for dependent children in twenty- two states and for the unemployed in thirteen states. An official of the Board was quoted as saying: "We are sometimes discouraged when we hear certain politicians .declare that they would be in favor of social security if it could be made to work. This sort of sentiment seems to have a certain public followipg. They don't seem to realize that we have a social security system right now, and that it is working." Michigan is one of the states whose legislatures are expected to consider unemployment insur- ance at their next sessions. Greatest progress has been made in complying with the Federal government's standards for old age assistance than for the other forms of bepe- fits provided by the act. One out of every three people in the country it is reported is dependent on some one else. Post-Intelligencer Strike EARST'S Post-Intelligencer has suspended publication as a result of the strike against it being conducted by the Seattle branch of the American Newspaper Guild. In the cours0 of the picketing Friday. three ner- THE FORUM Letters published in this column should not be construed as expressing the editorial opinion of The Daily. Anonymous contributions will be disregarded. The names of communicants will, however, beregarded as confidential upon request. Contributors are asked to be brief, the editors reserving the right to condense all letters of more than 300 words and to accept or reject letters upon the criteria of general editorial importance and interest to the campus. Implications To the Editor: The editorial policy of the Michigan Daily this summer is deserving of high praise. It is there- fore with the most friendly attitude that the fol- lowing criticism is offered. There are minor but important implications ex- pressed in your editorial, "Fascist Intervention in Spain." "The struggle between Fascism and Leftism leaves democracy in the middle. With either side victorious, democracy is certain to be destroyed just as a liberal republic in Spain seems an utter impossibility regardless of the outcome of the war there." "If. any further proof were necessary that Fascism is inherently related to militarism, if any further warning were necessary to eschew any movement in the United, States which is even distantly related to Fascism, Italo-German inter- vention in Spain would suffice for us." To point out the urge to criticism of minor implications in a generally well-seasoned article, needs the laying down of a background. The world is confronted with a stage of development in its organization for the carrying on of produc- tion and distribution, that causes social reactions which are exceedingly disrupting. Production being large scale, it has come about that large masses of people in the developed countries do not own the tools that they use. They possess nothing but their labor power, which has become a commodity to be sold on the market. This com- modity is only purchased on the condition that a profit may be realized on its use. The total income of a nation is equal to its total produc- tion. Income, the right to use goods, is dis- tributed as return on investment and as reward for services rendered. A large portion of that going to investment falls into a few hands who receive so much that they cannot use it in sat- isfying personal wants. If any ,part of income is unused the demand for goods on the market does not equal the value of goods available. Also it is true that if the demand for pro- duction goods does not call for a diversion to production goods does not call for a diversion to workers who build capital plant, there is no way in which large scale income on investment can be used to remove goods from the market. Depres- sion and unemployment are the result of a situa- tion in which it becomes unprofitable to purchase labor power. More and more production by the use of capital goods (stored labor) means a smaller proportion of production to current labor. Progress under profit economy assumptions means more unemployment and morefrequent and more severe depressions. To cut the rate of profit enough to be effective seems impossible, where profits, which must be realized in the price of consumer goods, stack up through a long chain of partial operations now necessary for the deliv- ery of a simple good to a consumer. Also re- member that the finance structure (banks, insur- ance, etc.) is based upon security values and then think what happens to securities when the return upon them is lowered. The natural de- crease in the rate received on investment has been serious enough to give warning against attempt- ing a conscious reduction. Let this be a sufficient enumeration of the contradictions of capitalism to spur its defenders. The social reactions to the developments in an economic system which has outlived its use- fulness are complicated. The few who see col- lectivization of ownership as a logical corollary to the fact of collectivization of function, are gaining adherence to the logic of their interpreta- tion. Millions are in the mood to react to any proffered solution of their difficulties, but until there is a solution their life experiences will prod -them to continue the search for one. Even though those in relatively easy and secure positions throw their, influence against the general trend, the objective conditions are not altered. Finally, when the threat of fundamental change is im- minent the power of the dominant economic group is made manifest. In general, those in high place, conditioned to success under prevalent assumptions, will wreck their position from the point of view of historical immortality, for the sake of attempting to maintain their status. The implications of the editorial are con- curred in. It is the struggle between a Fascist and a Leftist point of view which threatens de- mocracy. However, the reality should be empha- sized, that it is a conflict that will suspend demo- cratic rights. Either system that establishes it- self, if and when it reconciles the contradictions of every day experience, will be able to continue without the coercion that is necessary in the face of opposition. Neither system will fail to coerce as long as there is significant opposition. In the last paragraph the editoi'ial said that Fascism is inherently related to militarism. This statement is concurred in. The order of words raises the inference of an implication. Militar- ism is inherently related to Fascism! Why our army and navy activities? Why the largest peace- time appropriations for war preparation? Why a law making possible the moving of state militia across state lines in peace time? Why the often- voiced statement that if there comes a world war, the United States will be drawn in? It should appear plain that there is at least an interrelationship. -U.V.W. -"Farming ranks as hazardous occupation." There is always danger in a dust storm of being hit by a neighboring farm.-Chillicothe (Neb.) RADIO By TUURE TENANDER T HE PROGRAM of "Everybody's Music" will feature the works of Brahms today and will include the Academic Festival Overture and Sym- phony No. 2 in D Major, (A) Allegro Non Troppo, (B) Adagio non Troppo, (C) Allegretto Grazioso and (D) Allegro Con Spirito. This program is broadcast over CBS at 2 p.m. Adolf Hitler will speak at the closing of the eleventh Olympic Games, which will be broadcast over both NBC and CBS today at noon and 12:30 p.m. today respectively. Another important in- national broadcast of importance to be carried by WWJ today will be that sent to this country direct from the music festival from Salzburg, Austria. Carleton Smith, lecturer and music critic, will be featured on this program. There will be two pickups from Salzburg, one at 12:45 p.m. and another at 1:15 p.m., the latter airing being the most significant, with Arturo Toscanini conducting Beethoven's "Fidelo." * * * * THE RITZ-CARLTON Hptel in Boston seems to have some queer attraction for tragedy. It was there that Orville Knapp's orchestra was playing at the time of the leader's death in 'an airplane crash at Beverly, Mass., a few weeks ago. Now Noble Sissle, who suffered a fractured skull in a bad automobile crash in Ohio in June is playing there. An interesting event is recorded in regard to the Noble Sissle smash-up. The band had an engagement to fill in Cincin- nati and had to go on playing without their con- ductor. However, the first day the boys in the band got off from their duties, they went up en masse to Delaware, O., where Sissle was conval- escing, and serenaded their boss. Now Noble is back with the band and can be heard every Tuesday and Friday night at 10:30 over CBS. Incidentally, Orville Knapp's orchestra will re- main intact. The Music Corporation of Amer- ica, which books the band, is looking for some big "name" to lead the orchestra. * * * * Lanny Ross, who has been spending a con- siderable part of the summer touring Europe, will return to the "Show Boat" broadcasts next Friday. Gus Haenschen's orchestra will be re- placed by that of Al Goodman. There will be some other changes made on this program, but nothing definite has been yet announced. Mo- lasses 'n January could, in our opinion, be left on the docks without any appreciable harm resulting to the show. S * * * * CHRYSLER MOTORS will not sponsor Ed Wynn any longer, but will rely, apparently entirely on the efforts of Major "All right" Bowes this fall. We have already sold our Chrysler, but are afraid that the transaction won't be of much assistance in discouraging the genial Ma- jor's new sponsor. Bob Crosby and his orchestra continue broad- casting from the Hotel Lexington in New York Sundays at 10:30 p.m. They can also be heard on transcriptions from various local stations during the week. Crosby has come along remark- ably well and has developed a fine band, as is shown by his rendition of "Dixieland Shuffle." When Bob started out with his band few expected much in the line of musicianship, figuring that Bing's brother would rely on the family name to get him across. But the band's work has been a pleasant surprise. At 7 p.m. Thursday CBS will inaugurate a series of four broadcasts by the Seattle Sym- phony Orchestra. Basil Cameron, the orchestra's regular conductor, will be on the podium for the broadcasts. * * * * CHESTERFIELD's half-hour shows on Friday evenings are well worth listening to. Andre Kostelanetz' orchestra of 45 pieces treats all types of dance music with ease and the arrangements are very unusual. Ray Heatherton does some nice singing, as do the Rhythm Singers and Kay Thompson. And David Ross is still as excellent as he has always been. In fact, we like the pro- gram. The way the ensemble put on "Take Me Out to the Ball-Game," with Kostelanetz running imaginary base lines for all he was worth, last Friday, was very entertaining. * * * * It would see offhand that the game of "knock, knock" has completely put the handies game on the shelf for good (definitely for the good). We heard one on a small station some time ago that we were rather reticent about repeating in this column, so you have probably heard it by now. It is undoubtedly the most far-fetched and most nonsensical "knock knock" yet invent- ed, and therefore, we feel; the best. This one is about Louise. "Louise who?" asks the com- pletely guileless victim. At this query the tor- mentor advances with a maniacal gleam in his eye upon his prey and retorts, "Louise Foolish Things Remind Me of You." Religion? By REV. JOHN DUGGAN Reserve Catholic Chaplain, Addressing R.O.T.C. Students in Camp PRAY to you, disregard teachers or college professors who would undermine your loyalty to your country. Furthermore, refuse the guid- ance of clergyman should he ask you to be dis- loyal to your flag. We have those within and from without who wish to disunite us. Today the world needs discipline and'respect for authority. This training for you in the month that you will be here should be invaluable in later life. Don't think that you're being taught to carry a gun to kill your fellow-man. No, this training gives you self-reliance, and should the need ever conie, permit you to defend Your con- AS OTHERS SEE IT The Unhappy 1uhsams (From The New York Times) A COMMUNICATION from Emma Goldman on the editorial page of The Herald Tribune day before yes- terday sums up vividly, if in mini- ature, the painful moral dilemma which the civil war in Spain provides on a large scale for lovers of freedom everywhere. As many of us see it, the struggle in Spain is now becomes a contest between two despotisms. Whoever is the victor, the unhappy country seems doomed to a period of brutal repression followed by a pro- longed regime of servitude, White or Red. Beyond Spain this bitter choice for humanity seems to be taking on world-wide dimensions. Miss Goldman's statement show this crisis for freedom dramatically focused in the lives of two unfortun- ate people. She is appealing in be- half of Zen;l Muhsam, now in a Rus- sian prison, whose husband, Erich Muhsam, died in a Nazi concentra- tion camp ,Before the Hitler coup Erich Muhsam refused several invi- tations to go to Soviet Russia, where freedom of opinion was denied his libertarian comrades and other un- orthodox revolutionaries. * * * Zensl Muhsam went to Soviet Rus- sia after her husband's death, at the invitation of Helena Stassova, head of the Communist Red Cross at Mos- cow. It was in part a mission of piety, for she hoped in Soviet Russia to publish her dead husband's books, suppressed in Germany. During her husband's sojourn in the concentra- tion camp she had devoted herself to relief work among Hitler's political prisoners without indulging in any political activities on her own ac- count. She pursued the same course of political neutrality in Soviet Russia, yet she is now in prison according to unimpeachable information reaching Miss Goldmani in Southern France. Presumably, Mrs. Muhsam believes in aid for political victims under any governmental system, and has been taken charge of by the Soviet police. The story of the Muhsam family is a ready-made plot for a tale by the author of "Penguin Island" or "Gul- liver's Travels." Here are two little people caught in the cross-fire be- tween two absolutist principles con- tending for mastery of the world. But the irony takes on a sharper edge be- cause of the separate fate of the Muhsams in the two opposing camps. * * * To be sure, the bitter cynicism of an Anatole France or a Dean Swift might carry the tale of the unhappy Muhsams a step further. The mas- ters of disillusion might hasten to remind us that Emma Goldman is the well-known anarchist preacher and leader. They might then go on to point out what a conspicuous role on the popular side in the civil war in Spain today is played by the anar- chist organizations. Reports from Barcelona speak of the anarchists as either in control of the government there or as making preparations to seize power after the Fascist threat has been suppressed. In that bid for power by the Span- ish anarchists, will they refrain from the practices common to the Nazi and the Soviet dictatorship? Will they recognize freedom of opinion, even when divorced from political ac- tivity? Or will they find themselves confronted by the same emergency which in Berlin and Moscow has led to such a startling resemblance in methods? Toward A Climax THE SPANISH drama seems to be moving toward a tragic climax. The warning that our embassy in Madridtmay have to be closed and the notification to Americans who have taken shelter there that they remain in that city at their own risk confirm the reports that the struggle has reached a desperate point. The tragedy is that victory cannot bring order or peace. If one side wins, it means only that the other is tem- porarily exhausted. Nothing is set- tled because, except for the use of airplanes imported from abroad for both fronts, this is a war fought with the weapons and passions of the nineteenth century--and in large part for the issues of the nineteenth cen- tury. It is r a xrfa' i, 1S t.Y k~ it mn How The Press 'Tag' Habit Affects National Electio (From The Publishers' Auxiliary) then it will take its place in with other apt phrases of jour A FEATURE story in a recent issue origin which have helped of The Auxiliary told how Harold Presidents. But more importa Jacobs, cable editor for the United this is the now well-known fa Press during the latter part of the it was a group of Kansas new World War, coined the phrase "The men who first started the L Lost Battalion" for a detachment of 'boom," promoted his candida American troops, commanded by finally brought about his nom Maj. Charles Whittlesey, which had by the Republicans. If the taken a position designated by Whit- succeed in bringing about his tlesey's superiors and was beleag- tion, it will be one of the mos uered there by the Germans. Al- ing illustrations in all hist though the characterization of "lost" President-making by the me was not strictly accurate, it was so write for and edit our newspa striking that "UP clients gave the story a ride" and it became a na- tional sensation and remained that Education In Germa until the battalion was "rescued." (From the New Statesman This incident not only illustrates Nation, London) the fact that we Americans live, learn and are guided in our thinking by FAR MORE important tha symbols, slogans and catchwords but thing Hitler may say abou it also reminds us how frequently- is the sort of teaching actuall newspaper and newspaper workers to the coming generation i are makers, as well as recorders, of many . . . From a certain well history. Especially has this been true Volksschule most of the teache during political campaigns, been ousted and replaced by The former headmaster make Perhaps no more illuminating in- ing now by hawking wares fro stance can be found than the story to door. Practically all inst of, how an obscure paragraph in an has become political. A han Eastern paper played a decisive part brave men and women are tr in the Presidential campaign of 1840. rain me elemen of hm In that campaign Martin Van Buren re-but une reat dficu: was the Democratic candidate for re- ture-but under great difficu election. The candidate of the Whigs was Gen. William Henry Harrison. carry on in this way. About his only qualification for the Instead of saying "Good m office was the fact that he was "a children," the teacher must sa gentleman from Ohio who had once Hitler!" .. . won a battle against the Indians" The children resent silen and, despite the unpopularity of Van habit of Nazi teachers of mak Buren, his job of winning the election fensive remarks about their p seemed all the more impossible be- sors. Religious lessons are 61ll cause the Whigs had neglected to Nazi propaganda. The teach give him any sort of a platform upon leading questions, such as "' which to run. the present day, reminds of strongly of Jesus by his love Then, almost overnight, that plat- peopl and his sci form was supplied. An editorial writ- people and his self-sacrific er in the Baltimore Herald, which was Wh ein s "He friendly to Van Buren, made the and 'Who remind us by thei statement that if Harrison were given ion and loyalty of the Disci a pension of $2,000 a year and a b'ar- RGeneralwhowishot ne rel of hard cider he would be perfectly Children are marked acco content to spend the rest of his days their answers-many of the in his log cabin studying moral phil- like the mixing up of Nazid osophy. Other Democratic papers rc- Citiinty.pAoGeranzirl printed this jesting remark. Immed- Christianity. A German girc iately the Whigs seized upon it as a religious les a week. sneer at the candidate of the "plain tworelgious lessons a week. people." Then began that whooping, were only two lessons during singing, log-cabin, hard cider, "Tip- pa to Jes he w pecanoe and Tyler, Too" campaign is tatght in the spirit of t which swept the Whigs into power Germany. According to th and caused the Democrats to com- Js was ( German. plain dolefully "We have been sung ew erang down, lied down, drunk down!" And The teachng of childrenc seven or eight years of age is all because of one paragraph in a ed against CommunismSoc newspaper! mocracy, Liberalism, the Tf What is true of the newspaper writ- Versialles, France, England ar er has also been true of the news- nations. Every week the c paper cartoonist. It was the pen of have to learn a saying (W Thomas Nast of Harper's Weekly spruch) which they repeat ev which not only gave us the political of the week until hatred of of symbols of the Republican elephant, tions, a wildly exaggerated op the Democratic donkey and the Tam- Germany and an admirati many tiger but it also produced those fighting are instilled. The sc powerful cartoons aimed at the latter trance hall is decorated with animal which broke up the "Tweed of the First Sixteen Nazis. Ring" in New York City, a journal- classroom has a picture of H istic victory unique in political his- They teach German early tory. It was the pen of Bernard in such a way as if the Rom Gillam of Puck, the influential ally made their first contact with of the Democratic party in the. cam- tion when they met the { paign of 1884, which depicted James tribes. (The fact is that Ro G. Blaine as the "Tattooed Man" and a literature before the G contributed to his defeat quite as knew how to write). No much as did the newspaper reporter tunity is missed to show t (whoever he may have been) who Germans are the greatesta first tagged the "Rum, Romanism most gifted of peoples and ti and Rebellion" plarase upon that are suffering from the injus perpetual, and perpetually unlucky, their barbaric neighbors, tL candidate, and the Marxists in their mids What has been true in the past may ideas are drilled into the child be equally true in the present cam- after day. The school mornin, paign. If resentment against some of er always dwells upon gre President Roosevelt's advisers should many, the customary flattery play a part in this year's race and ler in which even Almighty should aid in his defeat, be it re- not spared: "Lord, we Germa membered that it was a newspaper dren tread before thy coun reporter (James Kieran of the New beseeching Thee to make us York Times) who coined the term fathers were. Give us alread "Brain Trust" for those advisers. He early years a pious mind and thereby created a symbol around hands. Protect our Fatherla which could be crystallized prejudice most glorious on earth. Le against "impractical theorists" even free and united, let it flouris though he never dreamed that his and strong, and do Thou prot phrase might be so used. On the. Thy strong hands the great a other hand, if enough Americans be- Chancellor. Bless our le lieve in the principles of the "New Amen!" Deal" to reelect the expounder of its The teaching in a public elen philosophy, be it remembered that school is as deliberately an it was the newspapers who picked oughly moulded towards cert that phrase out of his early campaign as the propaganda for adul utterances back in 1932 and by con- ends seem to be: (1) the crea stant repetition of it in news stories, a morbid self-consciousnessa editorials and headlines helped make mans; (2) the creation of an it familiar to every man, woman and sive admiration for the Fat child in the Unite States. combined with depreciation As for the Republican candidate, a other lands; (3) the creati( newspaper man is said to have ap- conviction that other landsa plied the "Kansas Coolidge" tag to ing to 'down' the German; Governor Landon and if that charac- creation of a blind devotion t terization should aid in his election, and National Socialism, c With violent hostility to Pur Ins history nalistic make nt than ct that spaper Landon cy and ination y also selec- t strik- ory of n who pers. fny and n any- t peace y given n Ger- -known rs have r Nazis." s a liv- m door ruction dful of ying to an cul- Lties. It tact to orning, y "Heil tly the ing of- edeces- ted with er asks Who, at is most of the e?" to Hitler," r devo- pes? "- oebbels, ,.1934). ding to do not om and 1 of ten ass had There the en- ot com- stament he New e Nazis of even direct- Aal De- reaty of id other children VTochen- ery day her na- inion of on for hool en- pictures Every Hitler. history ans had civiliza- German me had Germans oppor- hat the and the hat they tices of ie Jews t. These Lren day ig pray- at Ger- of Hit- God is an chil- tenance, as our y in our d strong nd, this t it be h proud ect with and bold eaders- mmentary d thor- ain ends lts. The ation of as Ger- n exclu- therland of all on of a are try- (4) the o Hitler ombined ry other Every- patriotic h suffer on. Nazi vantage ad inex- political nforma- student does a ed na- n com- i fc f c b 1111W Le o imagine, just because the terms used are mod- SUES FOR DAMAGES ern, that the Iberian peninsula is the LOS ANGELES, Aug. 15.-(I')- theatre of a modern conflict, All Elaine Barrie, former friend of John Western nations have long ago passed Barrymore, the actor, filed suit to- beyond the elemental stage of =We day for $15,650 as the result of benig social struggle which now engages struck by an automobile Aug. 7. She Spain. Its ferocity is the clash of alleges she suffered contusions of the ancient loyalties and accumulated chest and arms and great "physical hatreds, both of another time. De- and mental anguish." Defendants spite its proud tradition of culture are John Doe Swartzberg, who she and conquest, Spain is in some re- alleges drove in a careless manner, spects like Russia; it has been taught and Ida Seerman, owner of the car. lhe slogans of communism before it _nd _da ___man____rf_____r- learned the Wrnv , -- i r e with vioYAWAtehnU 1i+V OW1 LI.)VUever, form of political opinion. thing is done to whip up p passion. The subjects which most are history and religio educational policy takes ad of the child's tender age an perience to mould him into a: fanatic and to feed him on in tion which every honest: knows to be untrue. The urgent point is this: self-conscious and aggrieve tional megalomania, based o nulsorv ignorane. fnmnim 1