Pft~v Two M1. iJ M l t MX x f t y WEDNESDAY, AUG. 12, 193( THE MICHIGAN DAILY Official Publication of the Summer Session Publishec every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session by the Board in Control of Student Publications. Member of the Western Conference Editorial Associa- tion and the Big Ten News Service. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or nt otherwise credited in this paper and the local news published herein. All rights of republication of special dispatches are reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second clas matter. Special rate of postage granted by Third Assistant Ppstmaster-General. Subscription during summer by carrier, $1.50, by mail, $2.00. During regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by mal, $450 Offices: Student Publications Building, Maynard Street,- Ann Arbor, Michigan. Phone: 2-1214. Rei resntatives Natinnal Advertising Service, Inc., 420 Madison Ave., New York City.-400 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill EDITORIAL STAFF Telephone 4925 MANAGING EDITOR ............THOMAS E. GROEHN ASSOCIAIL EDITOR ............THOMAS H. KLEENE Editorial Director ................Marshall D. Shulman Dramatic critic ........ .............John W. Pritchard Assistant 5ditors:Clinton B. Conger, Ralph W. Hurd, Jseph '. Mattes, Elsie A. Pierce, Tuure Tenander, ;J"wel W. WNuerfel. RePorters: Eleanor Bare, Donal Burns, Mary Denay, R. E Graban, John Hilpert, Richard E. Lorch, Vincent Moore,- Elsie . Roxborough, William Sours, Dorothea Staebler, Betty Keenan. * BUSINESS STAFF Telephone 2-1214 BUTSINESS MANAGER ........GEORGE H. ATHERTON OREDITS iVIANAGER ...................JOHN S. PARK Cf'culation Manager .................J. Cameron Hall Office Manager ............................Robert Lodge The Five Candidates n Education.. . FIVE PRESIDENTIAL candidates this week gave their views on public education in answer to a questionnaire sponsored by The Social Frontier, progressive teachers' magazine. The questionnaire included the following ques- tions: (l) Do you consider the maintenance of a strong program of public education essential to a democracy? (2.) In view of the great inequality anong the various states in their ability to sup- port an adequate program of public education, do you believe that the support of such a program is, today a matter of national concern? (3.) Do you favor the National Education Association program calling for Federal appropriation of. $100,000,000 as an initial step in the development of a permanent program of Federal aid for edu- cation? Norman Thomas, Socialist candidate, replied affirmatively to the three questions. Earl Browder, Communist candidate, also re- plied affirmatively and added: "I believe that free education and financial assistance to youth must be guaranteed by both Federal and State aid, with control remaining in the local com- munities." William Lemke, Union Party candidate, through his campaign manager, said that he be- lieves in public education of the "proper kind" and not the "sort of material which smacks of propaganda for the s'tatus quo and paid by Wall Street." Governor Landon replied: "It is my belief that questions of such public interest as those you ask deserve a full discussion rather than a cate- gorical answer. This has been my policy toward other issues, and I feel that education merits equal treatment." President Roosevelt, through his secretary, said that he "has encouraged and, will continue to support programs to improve educational oppor- tunties for American citizens," and cited as evi- dence the following record: 1.A bill which increased by $14,000,000,000 the annual appropriations for vocational educa- tion in the United States. 2. Encouragement of the Office Education's efforts to develop a nation-wide system of public forums for. the "free and frank discussion of public issues." 3. Promotion of educational broadcasting through the Office of Education. 4. Allocation of $1,000,000 for scientific stud- ies in ten states of local schools with a view to- ward Teorganizing administrative units. 5. A thorough survey of educational and voca- tional opportunities for Negroes. 6. Assistance to hundreds of thousands of youths, through the NYA, to continue their edu- cation. . 7. Provision of educational opportunities for several millions of adults through the emergency education program. 8. A "steady" enlargement and improvement of the educational program in the CCC camps qperated under the direction of the Office of Education. Dr. George S. Counts, professor of education at the Columbia Teacher's College, remarked of Governor Landon: "I would have you note that he treats education exactly as he treats any other issue." At least we may say this, in all fairness to Landon: Considering that he has the record of having balanced his State budget at a terrific cost to Kansas schools, we shall look forward with interest to the full discussion he promises. .TI-FFOR UM 1 1 ~ ~ - - - I Fq Letters published In this column should not be construed as expressing theseditorial opinion of The Daily. Anonymous contributions will be disregarded. The names of communicants will, however, be regarded as confidential upon request. Contributors are asked to be brief, the editors reserving the right to condense all letters of more than 300 words and to accept or reject letters upon the criteria of general editorial importance and interest to the campus. Jeffersonian IDenocrats To the Editor: First of all, the so-called Jeffersonian Demo- crats are no more Jeffersonian than the Amer- ican people are Frenchmen. The appeal to a great man, like Jefferson, is nothing more than a political slogan to defeat President Roosevelt who is one of the greatest presidents America has had the luck to possess. It is true he does not have to fight a foreign power like Washington- what he has to fight are the exploiters. Nor does he have to free slaves like Lincoln-what he has to do is to oppose the enslavement of the people by the millionaires and their followers. In this connection it is interesting to note that Ex-Governor William A. Comstock has to say about President Roosevelt. And first of all he wants to uphold the Constitution. Was there not an item in The Daily-I think it was August 7th-stating what Jefferson thought of the Con- stitution, that is, that he favored changes in that fine document whenever necessary. Mr. Com- stock pleads in favor of States' rights. Just see how the people are starving in New Jersey- as the result of states' rights. States' rights are great things for the politicians and the bankers. Mr. Comstock also wants home rule and indi- vidual liberty. A reply to this demand is that we have all the individual liberty we can possibly make use of. But big business and finance do want more individual liberty-laissdz faire-in order to keep and increase their strangle hold on the American people. In what way does Ex-Governor Comstock suf- fer from lack of individual liberty? Democracy. Signs To the Editor: Could you please direct me to the University printing office? I should like to have them print several window signs which will be posted in conspicuous spots throughout the Intramural building. Upon one set of signs I plan to have the fol- lowing command printed in bold letters: "ALL STUDENTS ARE HEREBY ORDERED NOT TO INJURE THEMSELVES WHEN THE MAIN OFFICE IS CLOSED." With this command posted, students who do injure themselves will not embarrass attendants byrequesting them to procure the sole bottle of iodine which is kept in the main office's safe. Today, I had to hop six blocks, clad only in shorts, in order to treat a fresh wound! In the future, injured students will walk out, fully clad despite the danger of irritation, and sneak over to the Health Service for treatment. This will serve to decrease the number of modern "Tarzans" who hop through the streets of our noble city and leave a trail of blood behind-to the disgust of our citizens. Upon a second series I intend to have a cartoon of a typical villain who mouths the following: "HEH, HEH, SUNDAY IS THE ONLY DAY YOU ARE FREE TO PLAY BALL, BUT NOT AT THE INTRAMURAL!'- Perhaps a few signs vf such nature will stop the growing number of complaints from students who will find fault with the excellet manage- ment of the directors of this institution. Three blocks north and one to the right? Thank you. -Solomon Gross, '38L. A vacationist is a fellow who takes a lot of snapshots to prove to you that he really had the good time he only wishes he had had. -The Daily Iowan. provide a starting point for a more fundamental question regarding labor and relief. The problem of work-relief is first, to get re- lief into the hands of those who need it; and sec- ond, to contribute something constructive to the physical resources of the country. As relief, it is admittedly less efficient than the dole: as con- struction, it is too rushed to be of as much bene- fit to the resources of the country as a project more carefully planned and executed might be. The vastness of the program makes some wastes inevitable, and some projects inevitably foolish. The aspect we wish to discuss here is the ques- tion of whether the nature of the work being done by the WPA is of the most possible benefit. The advance of machine I technology is re- placing more and more quickly the type of labor represented in the WPA. Increasing technolog- ical unemployment will continue to swell the relief rolls with unskilled workers, or those trained in specific tasks, unadaptable to any- thing else. The argument of economists that ma- chines really create more jobs predicates a greater flexibility of labor that really exists. We believe, therefore, that a better project for a large part of the WPA would consist of train- ing men in various, industrial skills, that they may be more easily absorbed into industry as wheels begin once again to revolve. Under pres- ent conditions, WPA workers are learning, if anything, only how to avoid working too hard. More than an improvement in physical or ma- terial resources, we need an adjustment of our human resources to a technological society. One of the best methods of making that adjustment on a large scale is to utilize the period of unem- ployment for workers as a period of training in Horse-AndBuggy To the Editor: There. is a famous page in Victor Hugo's Les lserables which deals with the past and present. That page may be aptly applied to our present political situation when there are those who exalt the horse-and-buggy age and seem to forget that we are living in a more advanced state of existence, and that the world has gone for- ward and has made considerable progress since the time when the horse-and-buggy was the vehicle par excellence. This is what Victor Hugo wrote: "To force the past on the present-this seems strange. Still, there are people who hold such theories. These men, who are in other respects, people of intelligence, have a very simple process; they apply to the past a lustre which they call social order, morality, the respect of elders, antique authority, sacred tradition; and they go about shouting: 'Look! take this, good people.' This logic was known to the ancients. The soothsayers practiced it. They rubbed a black heifer over with chalk, and said, 'She is white, Bos eretatus.' "As for us, we respect the past here and there, and we spare it, above all, provided that it con- sents to be dead. If it insists on being alive, we attack it, and we try to kill it. "Superstititions, affected devotion, prejudices, those forms, all forms as they are, are tenacious of life; they have teeth and nails in their smoke, and they must be clasped close, body to body, and war must be made on them, and that without truce; for it is one of the fatalities of humanity to be condemned to eternal combat with phan- tom. It is difficult to seize darkness by the throat, and to hurl it to the earth. "In ordinary times, in order to dissolve an anachronism and to cause it to vanish, one has only to make it spell out its date. But we are not in ordinary times. Let us fight, but let us make a distinction. The peculiar property of truth is never to commit excesses. Whit need has it of exaggeration? There is that which it is necessary to destroy, and there is that which it is simply necessary to elucidate and examine. What a force is kindly and serious examination. Let us not apply a flame where only a light is required." -An Alumnus. Editor's Note In the last sentence of yesterday's edi- torial entitled "Newspapermen and the Labor Dispute," "industrial unions" should be sub- stituted for "craft unions." As Others See It Planters Vs. Share-Croppers (From the Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch) THE SERIOUS RIOTING and violence which have characterized the relations between planters and share-croopers in Arkansas over a considerable period are symptomatic of the troubles which afflict the cotton states. It will not do to write down the members of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union as a group of Reds, manipulated by snide Bolshevik agita- tors from New York. Of course, there are rad- icals among them, and there are also "outside agitators" in the area around Marked Tree and other Arkansas storm centers. But the fact is that the share-croppers in Arkansas and other Southern states have serious and legitimate grievances. They were unable to obtain relief through any other means, so they formed a union in Arkansas, and they struck. They struck because they have been in a state of virtual peonage for decades. Paid 75 cents for a 10-hour day, under "yellow-dog" contracts and deeply in debt for the necessities of life, many of these share-croppers saw no other way out. They are asking for $1.50 a day. The reaction of the authorities and the plant- ers of Arkansas to the strike has been indefen- sible. The floggings, beatings and terrorism which have prevailed in the Eastern part of the state, and which have followed some of the refu- gees all the way to Memphis across the Missis- sippi, cannot be excused. The sheriffs and the judges and the planters should recognize the desperate plight of the share-cropper and ap- proach their problems with open minds, instead of actively participating in, or at least tolerating the use of extralegal violence to attain their ends. There is another side to the problem, however, and that is the plight of the planters. Theirs has certainly been no bed of roses in late years. Under the Roosevelt administration prices have improved tremendously, but even so, it cannot be assumed that they are able to pay the wages de- manded by the share-croppers. During the Hoo- ver administration, they .were heavily in debt, and many of them are still. We have, then, a'situation in which the plant- ers are skating so close to the brink of bank- ruptcy that they probably cannot afford to pay much more than they are paying to their work- ers. At the same time, those workers cannot be expected to be satisfied indefinitely with 75 cents a day. What is the solution? Apparently it lies in a complete overhauling of the South's agricultural economy. In the first place, machinery must be set up by the Federal Government whereby ten- ants can become landowners. The millions of dispossessed Southerners must be given-the op- portunity to till their own farms, as was done successfully in Ireland and Denmark. In the second place, the one-crop system must eventually go. The foreign market for cotton is shrinking, and there are other reasons why diver- sification is greatly to be desired. Until some such remedies as these are made BOOK NOTES KNOWN for his simplicity, and de- mand for it, in an age which likes to keep itself hypnotized by the ob- scure, Arthur Guiterman may (or may not) be writing in self defense when he tosses off what he. calls "A Memorandum for Poets," in his new collection of light verse, "Gaily the Troubador" which Duttons are re- leasing in October. He says: If you are clear, you shall be scorned by all, Especially the critical consistory; So be obscure, and they will throng a hall And gape while you expound your mystery. That he doesn't need defense is amply shown by the hundred witty rhymes which carry you through his new book, the first since his more serious, a Valentine it is, but that not nam," published a year ago. There are many verses here, gay and grace- ful, wise and gentle, which will be welcomed by Mr. Guiterman's admir- ers everywhere. And only one is serious, a Vaentine it is, but that not much. Mr. Guiterman pays his re- spect to "Humor" in this volume, ask- ing his many friends to-- Let austerity desert you For a while; Let your virtue cease to hurt you When you smile. In the ever-sad-and-solemn Something cracks, So the stiffest spinal column Must relax. Since amid our strife and bluster Tender mirth Make men kindlier and juster Here on earth. Who shall question that hereafter Up above There'll be humor ,which is laughter Mixed with love! * * * THk National Association of Man- ufacturers is sending a robot on a lecture tour. The point of the lecture which the robot delivers will be that machines do not displace men but, rather, have created more jobs. As we visualize the scene on the lecture platform, trying to imagine what sort of gestures the robot uses, all we can thik of is that the N. A. of M. is displacing a man by a machine to prove that machines do not displace men. We doubt if the robot will say this: Until we devise a method of absorb- ing displaced workers in self -respect- ing occupations without serious or protracted periods of unemployment, we cannot speak of social progress and the substitution of men by ma- chines in the same breath." Eliza- beth Faulkner Baker says it is dis- placement of men by machines, re- cently published by Columbia Uni- versity Press. And she should know, for she spent most of her.time during four years making a careful study of the effects of technological change in commercial printing. * * * STAY AWAY from Hollywood, says Max Miller, who went there. You won't have a cent when you leave anyhow. In his new book, "For the Sake of Shadows," announced by Duttons for publication in Septem- ber, Max talks out to young writers whose eyes are turned that way. He says: "Too many young authors are drawn here (Hollywood) after their first success, and hence are lost to the country forever. They came intend- ing to remain only a year to lay a stake for future writing of their own. Such a resolution is a joke. They live up to their income, they become so accustomed to living with such a large overhead, that to make a break for it and to live in a shack again becomes absurd ... These writ- ers become only too soon poor fren- zied slaves donating their life's few 1 hours to obtain a suporfluity of things they do not need, do not en- joy, and which in time will be snatched from them anyway . . . "No mercy is shown for honesty," in Hollywood, says Max, "only for cleverness. And here more than else- where one must forget immediately to hold as precious those quick thoughts which come to him when shielded by the soft walls of dark- ness. Such thoughts, the epitome of one's possessions, may be written but cannot be photographed, and so are no good here." Fate Takes A Hand (From the St. Louis Post-Ditpatch) NAZI GERMANY is going to great lengths to make a favorable im- pression on visitors to the Olympic games. The reliable Manchester Guardian quotes a "confidential cir- cular" issued by R. Walther Darre, minister of Food and Agriculture in the Hitler regime, as follows: It is necessary to make specialI mention of the fact that there may be Jews amongst the for- eigners, for the German govern- ment have given the Interna- tional Olympic Committee a pledge to guarantee the protec- tion of all Olympic guests. Pos- sible Jews must therefore be treated just as politely as Aryan guests. In no case must Jewish "provo- cateurs" get a chance of creat- ing incidents which will add grist Illustrated. By PROF. WILLIAM H. hOBBS (Of the Geology Department) 4T WOULD PERHAPS be too much to expect an impartial biography from the late sensational publicist of the United States Army, nor is one disappointed in this forecast. The subject of this biography, Gen- eral Adolphus W. Greely, at the age of 17 entered the volunteer army of the United States in 1861 as a pri- vate and died at 91 years, a retired major general in the regular army. During the Civil War, Greely passed through many severe battles and re- ceived several wounds, and this was followed by a brilliant career as chief of the Signal Service of the Army, which he largely organized, and in connection with which he built many thousands of miles of telegraph and telephone lines within frontier coun- tiry, both in times of peace and of war. His permanent fame will rest largely upon theseachievements, for which he received from Congress within a year of his death the Medal of Honor, not, however, an honor given only twice before-a form of misstatement which is common in the book. How this was brought about through the biographer's effi- cient management is duly set forth in the pages of the biography. To the general public Greely was chiefly known as the leader of the most disastrous and tragic exploring expedition, with a single exception, that ever went into either polar re- gion from any country. Among ex- plorers generally this is explained by the fatal blunders of the leader and by his entire inability to cope with Arctic conditions. Of the twenty-five men who composed the expedition six only returned alive, and had the Suffrage In France (From the St. Louis Pest-Dispatch) THE LONG FIGHT for rights for women continues in France. With a bill to make women eligible to vote and to hold elective office indorsed by the Chamber of Deputies by the overwhelming vote of 488-to-, the issue is again on the doorstep of the Senate. This latest approval by the Chamber was in response to the re- quest of the nationalist dleader, Dep- uty Louis Marin, for a unanimous vote to "force the hand of the Sen- ate by a new manifestation of the Chamber's feelings." It is one of the peculiarities of Eu- ropean politics that France, which has made civil rights of citizens a fundamental of its system of govern- ment, has for so long denied its women the privilege of voting and holding office. Women have voted in Finland since 1906, in Norway since 1913, in Denmark since 1915, in Russia since 1917, in Sweden since 1921 and in Spain since 1926. The Chamber of Deputies, which is the popular, in the sense of readily re- sponsible, branch of the French par- liament, first voted for woman suff- rage in 1919 and has repeated this action eight times. It is the Senate, whose members are chosen not by the voters but indirectly through depart- mental councillors, and for nine-year terms at that, which has stood in the way. Thus the course of the woman suff- rage movement in France is much like that which it experienced in the United States. A resolution seeking to do what the Nineteenth Amend- ment finally accomplished in 1920 was favorably reported in our House of -Representatives as early as 1883. The House had given the proposal the two-thirds majority necessary for submission to the states early in 1918, while the Senate was still re- jecting it. In midsummer of that year, President Wilson, who had re- versed his stand on the question, wrote to Senators Baird of New Jer- sey and Shields of Tennessee, urging them to support woman suffrage on the ground that favorable action was needed to win the war. In September, after the Senate had debated the issue hotly for five days, Wilson made a personal appearance in'the Senate to plead for adoption. In less than a 1 year, the Senate had approved, 56- to-25. It will be interesting to see what the French Senate does with the Chamber's bill. If the Senators re- ject it, they will reject the virtually unanimous mandate of the elected representatives of the male voters. Such a floutifig of public opinion can- hot stand indefinitely. Japanese Trade Menace - (From the New York Post) DURING the last five years, it is said, Japan has been "flooding" our market with cotton piece goods. Retaliations are advised. Japanese sales to this country of cotton piece goods during the past five years total $2,333,000; Japanese purchases of raw cotton from this country during the past five years, $463,125,000. Japanese purchases of raw cotton from the United States were 198 times the value of the cotton cloth Japan When rescue expeditions on which General Greely depended failed to get through the expedition base at Fort Conger, the fatal decision was taken to abandon this base, stocked as it was with provisions for a year, sur- rounded by a great game country, with a coal mine in the neighborhood, and retreat to Cape Sabine some hundreds of miles nearer to the open sea. Even the dogs, so essential to securing game, were abandoned to die. Arrived at Cape Sabine, with- out any serious effort made to com- municate with the Eskimo settlements across the Sound, the expedition set- tled down to wait for the rescue which did not come until too late. Other explores of the Arctic have supported their base parties by hunt- ing, Peary throughout a score of years of exploration, several of which were based within a few miles only of Cape Sabine. Moreover not once but many times Peary crossed the straits from Cape Sabine to the Eskimo set- tlements and he sledged tons of sup- plies between Cape Sabine and Fort Conger. With brutal frankness Peary wrote of Greely's starvation camp: "The saddest part of the whole story for me was the knowledge that the catastrophe was unnecessary, that it might have been avoided ... The hor- rors of Cape Sabine were not inevi- table. They are a blot upon the rec- ord of American Arctic exploration." Only less severe have been the crit- icisms of other explorers notably the famous Danes, Rasmussen and Freu- chen. When Greely deserted Fort Conger, the delicate scientific instruments, the scientific specimens and large supplies of food, instead of being left in the house were stored under frail lean-tos, where all were found ruined when the fort was reoccupied by Peary fifteen years later. Even the oiginal scientific records were left behind, and these were sledged out by Peary. General Greely always claimed that his expedition was an outstanding success, and in Mitchell's account it occupies about one-half of the book where the characteristic Greely atti- tude is set forth, as already brought out in Greely's autobiography which was issued in 1927.* Mitchell cites the general as follows: "The Greely expedition was an extraordinary suc- cess. The relief expeditions, managed from Washington, were ghastly fail- ures. That 19 out of 25 of our men perished was due to the incompetency and to the desertion of the relief commands, both military and na- val..." Due to the splendid work of Lieu- tenant Lockwood a new "Farthest North" on the Coast of Greenland was attained, and in a later sledge journey Lockwood pushed westward to and beyond the head of a fjord from the west which was named Greely Fjord. This was npt, as is stated, twenty miles from Axel Heiperg Land which was later explored by Sverdrup, but nearer a hundred and twenty. These successes of his splendid subordinates, and Lockwood was one of the victims at "Starvation Camp," Greely was accustomed to refer to as though they were his own personal achieve- ments. As in the Greely autobiography, Mitchell's book is full of charges and slurs against the men whom Greely regarded as his enemies, and among these was Peary. Until the verdict against Dr. Cook at Copenhagen, Greely espoused Cook's cause, and then, regarding Peary as second only at the Pole, he wrote of him: "His plans and equipment were perfect, his execution faultless, his success com- plete and unquestioned." When Cook had been discredited and Peary ac- claimed, Greely changed his attitude and until his death in all his writings tried to discredit Peary and his great achievement. In Mitchell's book this is echoed persistently. The failure of geographers to ac- cept Greely's Schley Land, which was found to have no reality, made the explorer very bitter, and Peary who later explored the area omitted the name from his map. Curiously enough in his autobiography Greely charges this to Sverdrup, who was not in -the area in question. Mitchell cites Greely in adverse criticism of Sir Hubert Wilkins and his plan to explore by submarine within the area, of the Arctic Ocean as follows: "Wilkins has not seen that Arctic ice and I have." This can be explained only as a speech from an old man whose mind was no longer clear, for certainly no man living has had so much experience with the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean as has Wilkins, and it is equally certain that Greely had never seen it at all. These examples are among many errors. They show the false atmosphere of the book and its glaring errors, and the biographer sometimes forgets that he is writing a life of Greely and devotes many pages of his own per- sonal exploits. Bad as the book is when considered from the point of view of serious biog- raphy, its very positiveness of asser- tion will probably give it a wide ac- ceptance with those who are unfa- miliar with the subject. New Account Of Greely Is SaidByHobbs To Be Partial GENERAL GREELY, The Story of a rescuing expedition been a day later Great American, by General Wil- all would no doubt have succumbed liam Mitchell. Putnam's. 242 pp., to starvation.