The Weather
Lower Michigan; Generally
fair today and tomorrow; ris-
ing tenperature in north por-
tion tomorrow.

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Editorials
Mouth Open;
Eyes Shut. .

Official Publication Of The Summer Session


VOL. XLV No. 31

ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, AUG. 5, 1936

PRICE 5 CENTS



Owens Makes Two
New Marks As U.S.
Stretches Its Lead

Ohio State Runner Takes
200-Meter Heat, Broad
Jump To Set Records
U.S. Has 83 Points;
Reich Is In Second
Hardin, Woodruff Win
Hurdles And 800-Meter
Races For U. S.
By ALAN GOULD
(Assoiated Press Sports Writer)
BERLIN, Aug. 4.-('P)-Scaling the
heights to Olympic track and field
conquest unknown since pre-war
days, the United States today ended
all doubt about team supremacy, cap-
turing first places in all three men's
events, dividing honors in the two
women's contests with Germany and
producing the first double winner of
the 11th Olympic Games in an amaz-
ingly unbeatable Jesse Owens.
Ohio - State's redoubtable Negro
shattered Olympic records most every
time he made a move in the day-long
competition in two events. He twice
bettered the 200-meter mark, coast-
ing to 21.1 second victories in 'the
qualifying trials, and then climaxed
the day by bettering the broad jump
mark five times, winding up with a
final leap of 8.06 meters, (26 feet
5 21/64 inches).
Owens' Second Triumph
This jumping feat, which. buried
the previous mark of 7.73 meters, (25
feet 4 11/64 inches), made by Edward
Hamm in the 1928 games, gave a sec-
ond gold medal to the tan thunder-
bolt who is poised to complete a triple
triumph in the decisive 200-meter
tests tomorrow.
The decisive but non-record break-
ing victories of Glenn Hardin, Green-
wood, Miss., in the 400-meter hurdles
and John Hughey Woodruff, Con-
nellsville, Pa., Negro, in the 800-meter
run, combined with Owens' latest
contribution ended any idea that the
point battle for the team title will be
close.
Completion of three of eight days.
of Olympic blue ribbon competition
found the United States totaling 83
points in eight events-more than
double Germany's 38 % points. The
Teutons had the satisfaction of push-
ing Owens to record-jumping flights,
but picked up only .7/ points while
Finland went scoreless and remained
in third place with 304 points.
Helen Stephens Wins Sprint
Helen Stephens of Fulton, Mo.,
sharing the feminine spotlight with
German's record-breaking discus
thrower, Gisela Mauermayer, con-
tinued the United States' sprinting
sweep. The Missourian beat five riv-
als decisively, including Poland's de-
fending champion, Stella Walsh, in
the 100-meter women's final, better-
ing the listed world record for the
third time. She won the title in 11.5
seconds, one-tenth of a second short
of her own best mark in yesterday's
trials.
Meanwhile, two mates, Dusky Mat-
thew "Mack" Robinson of Pasadena,
Calif., and Bobby Packard of Rock-
ford, Ill., University of Georgia fresh-
man, accompanied Owens through
the 200-meter trials into the semi-
finals.
Don Lash of Auburn, Ind., and
Louis Zamperini of Torrance, Calif.,
emerged unimpressively among 15
qualifiers in the 5,000-meter trials in
which the finals will be held Friday.
Tom Deckard of Bloomington, Ind.,
the third American 5,000-meter en-
try, was eliminated.
The weather turned blustery with
the day's usual shower but Reichs-
fuehrer Adolf Hitler and another ca-
pacity crowd of 100,000 jammed the
big concrete stadium most of the day
with Owens the main magnet.
Broad Jump Tests Owens

Der Fuehrer joined in terrific ap-
plause' accorded the American ace
whose performances now have,
thrilled upward of 300,000 spectators
three straight days and has given the
Olympic Games their most outstand-
ing individual performer since Paavo
Nurmi's exploits of 1924 when the
"Phantom Finn" won three gold med-
als.
Whereas Jesse's sprints were mere-

Reception Is Held
In Honor Of Detroit
Italian Consul Here
Beneath a moon which shone in
the best Italian fashion through the
tall trees of the League Garden,
more than 50 students and members
of the faculty, lovers of Italy and
things Italian, gathered last night at
a reception in honor of Cav. E. Guas-,
tone Belcredi, Italian consul to De-
troit. The reception was given by
Prof. Camillo P. Merlino, director of
Italian studies of the University.
"Most Americans, apart from the
groups attached to the universities,
do not seem to understand Italy's po-
sition today," observed Mr. Belcredi,
between his conversations with the
guests. "They picture her as greedy
and evil, swalloping up little Ethi-
opia.
"The question of Ethiopia was not
one that popped up suddenly. It has
extended over forty years. Had Italy
meen malevolently inclined, do you
think she would have supported Ethi-
opia's entrance into the League, or
that she would have made her agree-
ment with Ethiopia in 1928?"
In answer to a question about Italy's
cooperation with Germany in the
coming Locarno discussions, Mr. Bel-
credi declared that he was not in a
position to give definite information,
although he could say for certain
that "there has been no written agree-
ment between the two countries..The
settlement of the Austrian question,

Affiliation For
Education And
Labor Is Urged
Prof. Shepard Says Teacher
Belongs On LaborSide
In Clash Of Interests
Prof. Robert Angell
Sees Aid In Labor
State Teachers' Federation
Head Asks For Tenure
Law In Michigan
The progress of education and the.
effectiveness of teachers' organiza-
tions lies in union with American 
labor, four speakers under the spon-
sorship of the American Federation
of Teachers and the Michigan Feder-
ation of Teachers told more than 100
persons last night in Natural Science
Auditorium.
Prof. John 111. Shepard of the psy-
chology department, the first speak-
er, told his audience that there is a
"clash today between the relatively
small group which lives primarily or
wholly on the return of investments
and those who live by services ren-
dered. In this conflict the interest
of the teacher is with the labor group.
"On the whole ,you will enjoy ris-
ing salaries with labor's rising sal-
aries, and falling salaries with labor's
falling salaries."
Angell Speaks
Other speakers were Prof. Robert
C. Angell of the sociology department,
Arthur Elder, president of the Mich-
igan Federation of Teachers, and Mrs.
Frances Comfort, president of the
Detroit local of the American Feder-
ation of Teachers. Prof. Norman
Nelson of the English department
presided.
"The public school system, Profes-
sor Shepard continued, "is indebted
to labor, which bucked chamber of
commerce attempts to curtail edu-
cation."
Professor Shepard concluded that
the "only way to keep real education
was to maintain real freedom in
newspapers and classrooms, and in-
sure a fair return to American lar
bor."
Professor Angell expressed hope of
the union of labor and teachers,
characterizing it as "one of the most
encouraging signs of the present time.
"I think that teachers should or-
ganize. The tie between the labor
group and the teacher should be
strengthened. The labor group is a
tremendously powerful group and the
teacher may needthat power, which
I think we can get."
'Teachers Should Organize'
He warned that "it isn't only school
boards who 'bring pressure upon the
teacher. In times of hysteria whose
interested primarily in returns on
their investments bring pressure." In
speaking of the dual role that the
teacher plays, Professor Angell
stressed his belief that the teacher
should not propagandize.
Mrs. Comfort's discussion centered
largely about the experiences of
Michigan locals in forcing state
schoolgboards to give thenteacher
rights they demand.
"It is very likely that a local in
your town could get more support
from labor than any other group,"
Mrs. Comfort said. "You must com-
prehend the spirit of proprietorship
of the American Federation of Labor
in the school system to realize this."

however, has made for a greater
derstancding between Berlin
Rome."

un-
and

Bridges Hurls
Shutout Game
For 14th Win
DETROIT, Aug. 4.-(0)- With
Tommy Bridges pitching five-hit
shutout ball and the Tigers continu-
ing their heavy hitting, Detroit de-
feated Cleveland 9 to 0 today.
Except in the ninth inning when
Vosmik and Berger singled with two
away, Bridges held the Indians help-
less. He fanned six,
Lloyd Brown went the route for
Cleveland and gave up eleven hits.
Charley Gehringer and Bill Rogell
hit home runs. Gehringer's circuit
clout into the upper right field stands,
his eleventh of the season, started a
three-run rally in the sixth inning.
Rogell's homer, over the left field
fence, featured a four-run attack in
the seventh that really put the game
on ice. It was the fire chief's tenth
home run of the year.
Al Simmons had another good day
at bat with three out of four while
Walker got two doubles in five trips
and Goslin got two hits out of four
times.
Brown was invincible for three in-
nings, but in the fourth the Tigers
got to him for a run. With two out,
Goslin and Simmons singled, then
collaborated on a double steal. Gos-
lin went on home when Becker threw
high over third.
Detroit got another run in the
fifth when Rogell walked, Bridges
(Confinied on Pave 31

Cite OilFirms
For Violations
Of Trust Law
Indictment Names 61 Men,
23 Groups, For Fixing
Price Of Gasoline
Issue Warrant For
Standard Oil Head
Several Months Needed To
Prepare For Trial, Says
U. S. District Attorney
MADISON, Wis., Aug. 4.-()-
Serving of warrants on 23 of the
country's major oil.companies and 61
others named in an indictment charg-
ing violation of the Sherman Anti-,
Trust law through price-fixing was
started today as the latest step into a
broad government inquiry into al-
leged illegal practices in the industry.'
Among first warrants issued were<
nine for the arrest of prominent Chi-
cagoans including Edward G. Seubert,
president of the Standard Oil Com-
pany (Indiana), Henry M. Dawes,
president of the Pure Oil Company,
Keith Fanisher, Petroleum Editor of
tlte Chicago Journal of Commerce;
and Bryan S. Reid, Chicago' executive
of Socony-Vacuum Oil Company.
Federal prosecutors there, cooper-
ating with authorities here who di-E
rected the investigation resulting in
the formal charges of conspiracy to
manipulate the price of gasoline to
independent jobbers in 10 midwest
states, said bonds of $5,000 each
would be demanded.
Await Completion Of Inquiry
U. S. District Attorney John J.
Boyle announced that plans for the1
trial of the total of 84 defendants in
this phase of the investigation, would]
await completion of the full inquiry
by the Federal grand jury, now in;
recess until Aug. 19. He did not say;
what other avenues would be follow-
ed when the grand jurors resume]
duty.
Several months will be required to
prepare for the trial, which will be
held here, added Boyle. He said that
while the defendants would be al-
lowed to post bonds on the warrants
against them in the Federal court'
districts where they reside, they would
be brought here for formal arraign-
ment.
All the 84 were named in a single
true bill, made public last night. In
addition to the oil concerns, they in-
clude 58 individuals who are execu-
tives of the companies and three trade
journals.
Jury Finds Artificial Prices
The indictment was based on the
grand jury's finding that the major
oil companies operated pools in Tex-
as, Oklahoma, and mid-continent
fields to purchase gasoline from in-
dependent refineries at artificial
prices which were maintained as
open market quotations.
It charged price raising and price
fixing was achieved by selling gaso-
line to independent jobbers on long
terms supply contracts at a cost de-
termined by prices published in the
trade journals, which were the prices
allegedly fixed in the buying pools.
Independent jobbers claimed these
prices were too high to allow a mar-
gin of profit that would enable them
to compete and complaint was made
to Washington authorities some
months ago by their organization, the
National Oil Marketers Association.
Executives of the oil firms general-
ly declined to comment on the indict-
ment.

Name Defendants At Washington
The list of defendants as made pub-
lic at Washington included:
Standard Oil Company (Indiana),
Chicago; Socony-Vacuum Oil Com-
pany, Inc., New York; Cities Service
Company, New York; Continental Oil
Company, Ponca City, Okla.; Gulf Oil
Corporation, Pittsburgh; The Pure
Oil Company, Chicago; Shell Petrol-
eum Corporation, St. Louis; Sinclair
Refining Company, New York; The
Texas Company, New York; Tide Wa-
ter Oil Company, New York; Mid-
Continent Petroleum Corporation,
Tulsa, Okla.; Phillips Petroleum
Company, Bartlesville, Okla.; Skelly
Oil Company, Tulsa, Okla.; Barnsdall
Refining Corporation, Tulsa, Okla.;,
The Globe Oil and Refinining Com-
pany , Blackwell, Okla.; The Globe
Oil and Refining Company, Lemont,
Ill.; The Globe Oil and Refining
Company, McPherson, Kan.; Deep
Rock Oil Corporation, Tulsa, Okla.,
Cities Service Export Oil Comnanv

Guest Director's Character
Of 'Paycock' Leads Him
To Speculation
By ELSIE ROXBOROUGH
"I'm celebrated for playing birds
this season. You'd think I was an
ornithologist," said WhitfordwKane,
guest director of the Repertory Play-
ers, the erstwhile Christopher Well-
wyn of "The Pigeon" and the present
'Paycock' of Sean O'Casey's "Juno
and the Paycock," which opens at the
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre tonight.
Mr. Kane first played the part of
the 'Paycock' opposite Mary Agnesl
Doyle in Chicago at the Goodman
Theatre when the play enjoyed its
longest consecutive American run,
of- twelve weeks.
"I consider O'Casey one of the fin-
est playwrights of today," he com-
mented about his countryman. "And
I like 'Juno and the Paycock' better
than 'Within the Gates' and 'The Sil-
ver Tassle' because I think an author
should write about the people he
knows. O'Casey was a laboring man
himself and he fought in the East
Rebellion. I certainly hope that he
will go back to Dublin soon," this
typical, Irishman continued.
Mary Agnes Doyle, who played the
part of "Juno," the "Paycock's" wife
in the Chicago production and is her-
self one of the most distinguished
artists of the American stage, is a
very stanch Roman Catholic. Mr.
Kane chuckled as he reminisced
about their experiences during the
run.
"I've got to eat sausages right
through the play," he said. "I often
told her, 'A nice Roman Catholic you
are, making me eat sausages on Fri-
day.' And it was during Lent too!"
he added.
Then he strode about the Green
Room, which was the only thing that
separated him momentarily from his
dress rehearsal, looking all the world
like the "Paycock" with a red ker-
chief knotted jauntily around his
neck and took a few puffs on his
pipe before he resumed:
"I'm buying all my sausages myself
for this show," he said, "so I know
they'll be good."
Upon being timidly asked why it
was so important that they be real
sausages, he exclaimed:
"Why! Because they have to sizzle
during the play. I've got to cook
them!"
Mr. Kane is noted for his pen-
Merlino To Speak On
'Dante, Modern World'
"Dante and the Modern World"
will be the subject of an address to
be delivered at 7:15 p.m. tomorrow
in Room 103 Romance Language
Building by Prof. Camillo P. Merlino,
director of Italian studies of the Uni-
versity.
The lecture is specially arranged
by the University apart from the reg-
ular series of Summer Session talks.
It will deal with the character of
Dante's moral and spiritual ideology
as applied to the contemporary scene.
The address will be completed be-
fore 8 p.m.

Is WhitfordKane Ornithological?
He Thinks So--Judging By Parts

Threat Of European ar
Looms As Nazi Cruisers,
French Planes Stand By

chant for having the genuine thing
appear on the stage among the Rep-
ertory Players. In "The Pigeon" it
was pound cake and tea, with a fresh
cake each night, and he still serves
tea in "Juno and the Paycock." The
second night of dress rehearsal there
hadn't been enough tea prepared to
wash dcwn the thick slices of bread
and fat sausages, so 'Paycock' and
his ardent companion, Joxer Daley,
had to splutter out bread crumbs
during their speeches with but a half
cup of very strong tea between them.
"It's difficult to talk with your
mouth full of sausage," Mr. Kane;
avowed. "After twelve weeks of eating
sausage in Chicago, I was afraid to
look another sausage in the face!"
Sean O'Casey has the "Paycock"
observe in the play that "the whole
world is in a terrible state of chasis,"
(Continued on Page 4)
O'Casey's Play
Opens Tonight
For Four Days
'Juno And The Paycock'
Begins In Mendelssohn
At 8:30 P.M._Today
"Juno and the Paycock," by Sean
O'Casey, starring Whitford Kane,
guest director of the Michigan Rep-
ertory Players, will open at 8:30 p.m.
today at the Lydia Mendelssohn The-
atre for a four-day run.
Mr. Kane is also directing the play
with the assistance of Hiram Sher-
man. Other roles will be taken by
Claribel Baird as Juno Boyle, Laurine
Hager and Mary Boyle and Jack
Porter as Johnny Boyle.
Carl Nelson will be seen as "Joxer"
Daly, Nancy Bowman as Mrs. Maisie
Madigan, Robert Rozema as "Needle"
Nugent, and Thelma Slack as Mrs.
Tancred, all residents of the tene-
ment iwhich the Boyles live.
Charles T. Harrell will play the
role of Jerry Devine, and Robert
Campbell, ,Charlie Bentham.
The part of an irregular mob-
ilizer will be played by Charles Mc-
Caffrey, and the two irregular sol-
diers will be Kenneth Boyle and
Morlye Baer. The roles of the coal-
block vendor, the sewing machine
man, and the furniture removal men
will be taken by Sherwood Price, Josh
Roach and Robert Uslan.
Minor roles will be played by Eliz-
abeth Lord, Eugenia Bibby, Romely i
Brea, Millicent McElwee, and Georgia
Hyde. The singers will be Marion
Hoch, Virginia Free, Ruby Calvert,
Louise Horton, Rose Sabatino, Eliz-
abeth Burt, Gladys Goodwin and
Ruth Martin.
The play takes place just after the
treaty with England in 1922, which
established the Irish Free State, and
shows the conflict between the Free-
Staters, members of the party advo-
cating Dominion status for Ireland,
and the "Irregulars," of the Repub-
lican party which wished complete
separation from England.

France Will Aid Loyalists
If Other Countries Fail
To Maintain Neutrality
Reich's Battleships
Visit Rebel Harbor
Spanish Government Calls
Recruits For 2-Month
Term In Civil War
(By the Associated Press)
Growing -fear, all Europe may be
plunged into a war of dictatorship
versus liberal socialism last night
added grave international import to
Spain's internal conflict.
Two German warships appeared in
the harbor at Ceuta, Morocco, and
their officers were said to have called
on Rebel Commander Francisco
Franco.a
France met this apparent indica-
tion of German interest in the Span-
ish revolt by dispatching six war
planes to the Franco-Spanish bord-
er. They were ordered held on French
soil for further instructions.
The planes, the French Govern-
ment explained, were a warning war
supplies may be delivered to Spain
unless European powers agree to com-
plete neutrality-delivering muni-
tions neither to Rebels nor to Loyal-
ists.
Great Britain Favorable
Great Britain's favorale answer to
the neutrality proposal was delivered
to the French embassy in London yes-
terday, but there was no reply from
Rome.
Informed sources in Rome predict-
ed eventual adherence to neutrality,
adding that the government there
still was investigating allegations
that Italian air officers had flown
planes to rebel Morocco.
Fighting was most severe last night
in the civil war area outside Madrid.
Nearly 400 were killed in what may
prove a decisive engagement in the
Guadarrama Mountains.
Both Rebels and Loyalists massed
troops in the North and South for
crucial encounters and there was
conflict in the Balearic Islands.
MADRID, Aug. 4.-(/P)-Defenders
of Spain's Republic and Fascist Reb-
els fought bitterly in the lofty passes
of the Guadarrama Mountains to-
night in what may prove the decisive
battle of one of the bloodiest civil
wars of modern times.
'While the critical engagement was
fought in the Guadarramas, through-
out most of Spain thousands of tproops
were marchingcagainst each other.
There was conflict in the Balearic
Islands and in the Spanish Moroc-
can cities where the revolt started 18
days ago.
Loyalists Force Battle
Loyalists forced the fighting in the
Guadarramas outside Madrid, and
nearly 400 were listed dead.
-Madrid and a military directorate
were the Fascist goals. Rebel defeat
everywhere was the Loyalist objec-
tive. Wherever opposing forces met,
vicious battle ensued.
Two German warships appeared in
Ceuta, Morocco, held by Rebels, and
Fascist allegations that foreign planes
were being used by Loyalists added
grave international problems.
(Officers of the warships were re-
ported to have been received by Gen-
eral Francisco Franco, leader of the
rebellion. The German vessels were
greeted with siren blasts and cannon
salutes. The reported conference was
said to have aroused great enthusiasm
in the Spanish rebel zone.)
Ambassadors Seak Peace
(French ambassadors called on for-
eign offices in Rome and Berlin, try-
ing desperately to hasten acceptance
of a pact of strict neutrality. In
Paris, the French government ex-

pressed fear that European war might
result if nations took sides in the con-
flict.)
No accurate estimates of the death
toll in the war were available. Re-
ports from both sides, however, indi-
cated it was high. Accounts of bat-
tles during the 18 days have re-

History, Principle Of Gyroscope'
Are Discussed By Den Hartog

The history of a simple, rotating I
wheel that has developed into the
stabilizer of ships and aircraft was
traced yesterday afternoon in the
second Summer Session lecture of
the week in the Natural Science Au-
ditorium by Prof. A. B. Den Hartog,
visiting member of the engineering
mechanics department of the Sum-
mer Session, from Harvard Univer-
sity.
Professor Den Hartog spoke on
"The Gyroscope, Its Application to
Ocean Liners and Aircraft."
Two factors were given as the rea-
sons why the gyroscope behaves as
it does and why it is applicable for
present day use in many modes of
travel. The first of these was that
the gyroscope, which was defined by
PnTan- Tn Ti ,.*-r r, ni , o . n

scopic principle, according to the
speaker, was in the Australian boom-
erang. The natives did not evidently
understand the principle involved, he
added, but learned from experience
the things that could be accomplished
by the use of such a weapon.
Contrary to general belief, Profes-
sor Den Hartog said, the gyroscopic
principle does not enter in the mere
operation of a bicycle under ordinary
circumstances. It is pointed out that
only when a person is riding a bi-
cycle without steering with the
handle-bars does the principle come
into use. When the cycle starts to
tip, the front wheel immediately
turns toward the side to which the ve-
hicle is falling (at right angles to
the existing forces of gravity and the
fork of the cycle) and the cycle is

Softener's Benefit Is Discussed
By Water Department Manager

By SANFORD PEYSER
The proposed water softener for
Ann Arbor is now nearing the end of
the planning stage, and should be
finished by the early fall of 1937,
according to Harrison H. Caswell,
manager of the water department of
Ann Arbor. Bids will be called for
in ashort time.
"The saving to the people of the
city is the real justification for the
water softener," Mr. Caswell said.
"The softener will pay for itself with-
in four years. The wastes from
hard water, it is conservatively esti-
,-,th- ,- .c++w PA+iI Rte tf 1PAt _ 1

proximately $30,000 a year to main-
rain it. When the plant is built, it
will be fully paid for; there will be
no bonded indebtedness. The con-
struction of the plant was made pos-
sible by an increase of 50 per cent
on the local water bills for a year.
"This has not been a great burden
In a survey of the comparative size
of the water bills of 15 representative
gowns in Wisconsin, Illinois, and
Ohio, about the size of Ann Arbor,
it was found that the Ann Arbor
water bill was a little lower on the
average.
"Although the economic motive is