PAGE TWO T l 1 U f!1 rx N U IJILY FRIDAY, JULY 31, 1936 THE MICHIGAN I Official Publication of the Sumt Published every morning except Mo] University year and Summer Session 1 Control of Student Publications. Member of the Western ConferenceE tion and the Big Ten News Service. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATEI The Associated Press is exclusively en for republication of all news dispatches not otherwise credited in this paper an published herein. All rights of republi dispatches are reserved. 'Entered at the Post Office at Ann Ar second class matter. Special rate of po Thir Assistant Postmaster-General. Subscription during summer by carrie $2.00. During regular school year by< mail, $4.50. Offices: Student Publications Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Phone: 2-1214. Representatives: National Advertising Madison Ave., New York City. -400 N Cieso, Il. EDITORIAL STAFF Telephone 4925 MANAGING EDITOR ..............THO ASOCIATE EDITOR ..............THO Editorial Director ..................Mars] ormatic Critic....................J Assistant Editors: Clinton B. Conger,1 Joseph S. Mattes, Elsie A. Pierce, Tuure W. Wuerfel. U-porters: Eleanor Barc, Donal Burns, M Graban, John Hl1pert, Richard E. Lorcl Elsie Roxborough, William Sours, D Betty Keenan. BUSINESS STAFF Teepone 2-1214 BUSINESS MANAGER..........GEORG CREDITS MANAGER................. Circulation Manager................J Office Manager........................ Virginia And The United States . . NTERVIEWED as h back to his post asi Germany, William E. Dodd drew comparison between the efforts c Washington. He has just finishe lectureship on "Critical Moments in tory" at the University of Chicago sion. "One of the points was to s modern world has refused to l from the World War," 'Mr. Do example, Woodrow Wilson offered same thing that George Washingt American States in, 1779 when we There was a good deal of similar people do not realize. "By pursuing the Wilson policy always believed he was right-we w of this great war preparation an would have had the money to pa Wilson was the hope of the world "Washington carried his point by If Virginia had stayed out ther been no Union. But he succeeded< peans did not." Most of us recognize today that Wi His fatal error was that he was w promise on a bad treaty in order to g idea. We know now that it would h to have had no League and a bet the forces engendered by the vindic have been too violent for the League There is no mending the evil the done. To concede now to German demands would be to strengthen, no nationalist forces within her. More we strengthen the League of Nation cure do we make the terms of the it is the fundamental purpose o to perpetuate the treaty through terms of the League covenant is vi sible. The best that has been don it. The only logical answer to this ta the old League behind. It has faile crises; it is discredited and useless state. We must build a new League support the terms of the most blu settlement the world has ever seen, chains of that treaty no longer bindi League may be free to offer substa tional security on a basis of equitab of economic resources. One of the requirements of the success of such be that it shall include every im power; unless this is the case, it s more than a loose group of nations those interested in preserving the s those forced to militant action to de as we could not have had a United S ginia wanted to preserve her integri cannot have an effective League of of the United States insist on prese tionalism above world peace. - - tthe six New England states. Missouri is one of )AILY 17 states which provide school segregation by law. merSesionAs 0Missouri is one of the eight states which have ner SessIon I1not passed teachers' oath laws or any of the other measures designed to put patriotism in the schools on a compulsory basis. The others are The Freest State Wisconsin, New Mexico, Ohio, Kentucky, Louis- (From St. Louis Post-Dispatch) j iana, Mississippi and Alabama. This state is par- SSOME YEARS AGO H. L. Mencken, while editing ticularly to be congratulated on its absence from the American Mercury, measured the states of the company of 21 states that require the teachers' the Union by a series of tests of his devising in an oath. effort to determine which was the most backward On the basis of one score for each map, the most of the 48. When all the returns were in, he found points a state could get would be five. Our tally _ Mississippi occupying the bottom ung. What Mr. shows the freest state to be Wisconsin, which has ~~Msisip ocuruspres.gTtse wbhtthrm srurg.rWhNwtYMrk Mencken did was considered quite a feat for the four scores. Those with three scores are New York, T periodical journalism of the time, and many per Washington, Wyoming and New Mexico. Missouri sons will recall the widespread discussion which it and Illinois each have two, the others with two stirred being Maine, Louisiana, Ohio, Utah, Minnesota, "H p. GPennsylvania, Massachusetts and Maryland, which "How Goes the Bill of Rights?" as the current, nday during the likes to think of itself as "the Free State." by the Board in annual report of the American Civil Liberties n reality, the raing of Missouri is higher than Union is titled, suggests an investigation to deter- .r Editorial Associa- .its two scores indicate. It lacks wholly the types (mine which is the freest state in the Union. This istosoe niae tlcswol h ye iof state laws which affect human rights more ad- D PRESS 96-page booklet contains five maps, each marking I versely - those designed to curb "radical" activ- titled to the use the states according to the existence or lack of e a credited to it orr-ties and those imposing a special loyalty oath on d the local news repressive legislation or of legislation which guar- teachers. cation of special antees certain rights. By making a composite \of We may not enjoy as many scores as Wisconsin, bor, Michigan, as these maps, by finding out which state has the but Missouri is a free state Let us keep it so stage granted by highest number of scores, it is possible to identify r, $1.50, by mail the freest state in terms of the standards of the carrier, $4.00; by American Civil Liberties Union. Black Eyes And Blindness Maynard Street,. The first map charts laws to curb so-called "rad- (From the Daily Iowan) ical" activities. It shows that there are no laws of MOST OF US are inclined to scoff at the serious- Service, Inc., 420 this sort in Missouri, Texas, Maine, Maryland, ness of a black eye. Invariably a black eye Michigan Ave., Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina does not receive the attention of a medical doctor. and Virginia. (In several of the Southern states Dr. Emanuel Krimsky of Brooklyn, N. Y., warns on this list, old "riot incitement" laws going back in a recent issue of The Sight-Saving Review, LAS E. GROEHN to slave days stand as curbs against "radical" ac- quarterly journal of the National Society for MAS H. KLEENE tivities.) The presence of Missouri in this group the Prevention of Blindness, of the seriousness of hal D. Shulman means that this state has no criminal syndicalist such a physical injury. ohn W. Pritchard law such as 17 states have, no sedition law such as "Among children-and sometimes among our Ralph dWrHurd Tenander, Jewel 20 states have, no criminal anarchy law such as alcoholic brethren-a black eye is regarded with ary Delnay, M. E. nine states have and no law against the red flag honor, in the same sense that German students , Vincent Moore, such as 31 states have, honor a scar on the cheek as evidence of dual- rothea Staebier, The next map shows the states in terms of laws istic prowess," Dr. Krimsky says. "If such an limiting the use of the enjoining power in labor outward discoloration represented the whole story, disputes, providing for jury trials for contempt of we might have reason to laugh it away. E H. ATHERTON court and abolishing "yellow-dog" contracts. The "But the inexperienced can see only skin-deep. .JOAN R. PARK states which have legislation of all three sorts It may be that the large majority of these cases SCameron Hal and so belong in the composite map on this score can well survive the ordeal, even without having ..Robert Lodge t o oadco.Btta eti ubro are: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, to go to a doctor. But that a certain number of Colorado, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, black eyes also show, on more careful examination, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York and either a fracture of the skull or a hemorrhage of Massachusetts. the eyeball with almost sudden blindness, is not States with laws relating to religion in the generally known. It would seem almost unrea- * public schools are shown on another map. The sonable, therefore, to submit all eye injuries to 11 states which rate highest by the Civil Liberties medical examination, to avoid any possibility of e was sailing Union test, that is, those which prohibit Bible permanent harm." ambassador to reading, are Illinois, Wisconsin, New York, Louis- In bringing to our attention the many precau- an interesting iana, Wyoming, New Ne- tions to be employed in saving our eyes the Na- f Wilson and vada, California and Washington. Missouri is one tional Society for the Prevention of Blindness d a five-week of the 12 states whose laws are silent on Bible is rendering a great service. And how effective American His- reading. Bible reading is optional in six states, such an educational program is-includes safe- Summer Ses- specifically permitted in seven and required in 12. guarding the eyes of infants at birth and im- The 12 which require it are Maine, Massachusetts,proved lighting-is seen in the prediction made by how how the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Kentucky, the society indicating that in time there will be earn anything Idaho, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Arkansas and little or no blindness in the United States. dd said. "For Tennessee. The two last named and Mississippi the world the have laws prohibiting the teaching of evolution. Editor's Note on offered the Still another test of freedom in a state is its at- The last quotation attributed to Professor got a Union. titude toward Negroes. The states which have no 'Counts in the letter entitled "Democracy," rity that most legal restrictions on the rights of Negroes are: which appeared in yesterday's Daily, should Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, have read: "Remember that I am biased. Re- '-and I have New York, New Jersey, Kansas, South Dakota, member, too, that every individual you hear ould have none Montana, Washington, Wyoming, New Mexico and in life is also prejudiced." FORUM Dr. Maurer To the Editor: I should like very much to answer the editorial printed in your paper, on Wednesday, July 29, 1936, in which Dr. Irving Maurer, president of Beloit College, Beloit, Wis., was4 criticised for preferring " . . . per- sonal administration rather than bureaucratic management of our af- fairs . . . " I think the wrong slant was given an otherwise excellent edi- torial by the introduction of Dr. Maurer's statement as it is obvious that he, and the others whom the editorial mentions, had in mind the present day usage of the term and not the strict meaning selected by your editorial writer. Incidentally, it might be of interest to quote the Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary, which says, "Bureaucracy-govern- ment by bureaus, especially by rigid and arbitrary routine." This defini- tion gives one more latitude than the one quoted in the editorial under dis- cussion. As your editorial stated, sensible people, using the definition chosen by your writer, would probably be in agreement with you, but I see no cause for caustic statements directed toward those who use the term under discussion in its more common and, perhaps, looser sense. Dr. Maurer made no reference wvhatsoever to the "G-Men" and would be one of the last to condemn any efficient bureau aid- ing the country through law enforce- ment, hence I resent the implication that he opposed governmental bu- reaus as a whole, in his sermon de- livered at Detroit, as I am sure such was not his meaning. For these rea- sons I consider the treatment of Dr. Maurer in your editorial to be' CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Place advertisements with Classified Advertising Department. Phone 2-1214. The classified columns closeat five o'clock previous to day of insertion. Box numbers may be secured at no extra charge. Cash in advance 11c per reading line (on basis of five average words to line) for one or two insertions. 10c per read- tig line for three or more insertions. Minimum three lines per insertion. Telephone rate - 15c per reading line for two or more insertions. 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CLARK GABLE "SAN FRANCISCO" juvenile and not great university. in keeping with the --Beloit Alumnus. r Ili DAILY MATINEES 25c LAST TIMES TODAY -- AN UNUSUAL DOUBLE- FEATURE PROGRAM PAT O'BRI EN JOSEPHINE HUTCHINSON "I MARRIED A DOCTOR" ----- and - -- Richard Arlen "3 LIVE GHOSTS" Saturday Will's Greatest Picture WILL ROGERS i' MICHIGAN REPERTORY PLAYERS Pres~ent ZOE AKINS' PULITZER PRIZE PLAY "THE OLD M-lb' ~iAID" TONIGHT through SATURDAY 8:30 P.M. Lydia MENDELSSOHN Theatre Prices: 75c, 50c and 35c Phone 6300 I 'CONNECTICUT with MYRNA1 YANKEE' LOY d the nations y their debts. only six votes. e would have and the Euro- lson was right. illing to com- ain his League ave been better ter treaty, -for ctive Versailles to suppress. Versailles has y all that she t appease, the over, the more s, the more se- Versailles, for f the League which it was rtually impos- e is to ignore ngle is to leave d in important in its present not bound to ndering peace and with the ing it, the new tntial interna- le distribution fundamental a League must portant world till will be no torn between tatus quo and estroy it. Just tates had Vir- ity, just so we Nations if we rving our na- Europe's Intellectual Decay -Progress Is Stilled While Minds Are Regimented- (Count Carlo Sforza in Books Abroad, Published at University of Oklahoma) A ILf ..... Overall s 00 / BEFORE the World War, there was only one autocratic government in Europe; the Rus- sian Empire. We should not forget, indeed, that the Germany of the Junker and of William II, as well as Austria-Hungary, recognized the freedom of the press. And where there is freedom of the press-or even a certain amount of it-it is impos- sible to speak of dictatorial autocracy. What characterizes the post-war dictatorships in Germany, in Italy and in Russia is essentially this: all newspapers, all books, all printed matter are instruments of govenmental propaganda, with the same result everywhere-intellectual debase- ment. It has been fashionable for years to say that democracy, is a form of mob rule, while dicta- torships offer government by the best. But it is now obvious to everyone that it is the dictatorships that are organized on the basis of mob rule and often on the basis of lynch law. All the European dictators have proved to be demagogues and first-rate showmen. No Primej Minister in pre-war Europe was so prodigal of ready-made, catch-penny phrases as the dic- tators of post-war Europe-except Stalin, because he is the only dictator who is sure of his own strength. One understands now what Cavour meant when he said that any fool can govern by martial law. How is it, then, that such a lowering of the in- tellectual and moral atmosphere of Europe has been possible? In my opinion, those who answer by citing arma- ments, feverish nationalistsm and trade barriers as causes of the world depression are certainly right; but they forget the main human reason: that dur- ing the four most horrible years in the history of the world, the flower of European youth fell in battle. * ** * Does not each of us, who lived during or fought the war, remember that it is on the Carso and on the Alps, in Flanders and in the pestilential trenches of ,Macedonia that two or three of our best friends died-friends whom we considered as the purest promises for the scientific and moral life of tomorrow? How many times have I seen their shades, and have bitterly felt their absence in the sessions of the Italian Parliament, in which I took part, or later as I observed the proceedings Af fthe French Chnmher of Depitie from the m- that violence was bravery and duty, that blind obedience, even spiritual obedience, was a moral virtue, that "patriotism" explained and excused everything, even spying on a friend on what was called the "home front," very far from the fire of the enemy. If the greater part of acts of vio- lence committed by Fascists in Italy and Nazis in Germany is characterized by base cowardice, it is because their authors believed or wished to be- lieve that after all they were committing acts of war-where all is permitted. The dictators accelerated the process of moral debasement, for everywhere-Russia included- they favored the flatterers, the so-called experts (who under the pretext of doing their technical work have lent themselves without conscience to serve everybody and everything), but they elim- inated all the courageous servants of the state, the most reliable critical minds, the original brains. (I am not thinking in the least of myself. Am- bassador to France when Fascism went into power, I was not "eliminated"; I resigned at once-and maintained my decision in spite of written en- treaties by the leader of Fascism to keep my post with him. I went to the Senate, in Rome, and opposed Fascism as long as any public discussion was allowed-end of 1925). Years of dictatorship have proved that capable servants stood no chance unless they debased themselves by a simulated servility and never ven- tured frankly to disapprove policies they con- sidered baneful. But the acceptance of rule by fear ends in the degradation even of those who prudently thought that they might obey or feign to obey the demagogue in power, while keeping free, at the same time, their inner conscience. *** *5 It is the same thing everywhere, even when dic- tators are intellectually powerful, as perhaps was the case with Napoleon I and Bismarck. The following description of Napoleonic days in France is not from a radical but from Catholic and Roy- alist Chateaubriand: "The whole country has become an empire of lies; newspapers, speeches, prose and poetry, all distort the truth. If it rains, we are assured that the sun is shining. Everything leads up to the master alone. We must above all yell applause when a mistake or a crime has been committed. No book may appear without having pages in it given up to praise of him. "ThP vrimP - of+he .nnhlinn R.Pnlilinn n - . , r1 4 r asS Gf a Ift Aoo dr i r AW 'IL c %.NrcbX'*ds i c Due j Consideration. . . I7HETHER THROUGH spontaneous public-spiritedness or a conscious- ness of November, the director of WPA activity in New York, Victor Ridder, took a drastic step this week. A member of the Democratic State commit- tee wrote a letter to 'Secretary Harold Ickes asking that a WPA foreman who is chairman of his dis- trict "Win With Roosevelt" club be promoted to a his- ~-har a arl + i th XTPA^nnrem a t he n+ li imol . Gives nLJ Even Break I