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Editorials
The Philadelphia Clasic ...
Le Foyer Francals..

Official Publication Of The Summer Session


XVI No. 2

ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, JUNE 30, 1936

PRICE 5 CENTS



Educators

Flay

cDictatorships

'In

Nation's Schools

United
Head
Ocths

States Education
Attacks Teachers'
Of Allegiance

Red Cross Leader
Also Raps System
To Ask Lifting Of Ban On
Teaching Communism
In District of Columbia
PORTLAND, Ore., June 29.--(P)-
Resentment at the congressional
"Red River" limiting teachers of gov-
ernmental science in the District of
Columbia was expressed tonight at
the 74th annual convention of the
National Education Association.
John W. Studebaker, United States
commissioner of education, and Tho-
mas W. Gosling, national director
of the American Junior Red Cross, in
addresses, flayed "dictatorship" in
teaching.,
Not Advocating Communism
"I am certainly not contending
for the esta'blishment of or advo-
cacy of communism," Studebaker
said. "But I do wish to point out
that the implications of the situation
in the District of Columbia are of
great significance to all citizens who
conscientiously try to bring a defi-
nition of education into harmony
with our traditional concept of Amer-
ican democracy.
"If democracy meanspfreedom to
inquire, to learn, to express oneself,
then we can tolerate no dictatorial
censorship of thinking and learning."
:Gosling, who said teachers of the
District of Columbia are required
each month to state under oath they
have not taught communism to their
pupils, declared:
Until we remove dictatorships
from the schools, we cannot with
good grace attack it elsewhere. Com-
pulsory oaths of allegiance and com-
pulsory salutes to the flag are flag-
rant examples of dictatorship."
Teachers Must Feel Free
The Association's committee on
academic freedom meanwhile re-
leased a report declaring "teachers
must feel free in their teaching" and
declaring "it is futile to expect in-
dependent, judicious and courageous
minds to be developed in students
by timid and submissive teachers."
The report; issued by Dr. Henry
L. Smith, Education School dean at
Indiana University, will be presented
to the Association.
The keynote address was delivered
by Dr. Frederick M. Hunter, Chan-
cellor of Oregon's higher education
system, shortly after the Association's
legislative commission voted to ask
repeal of the Congressional ban on
teaching of Communism in the Dis-
trict of Columbia public schools.
Preston James
To Give Second
- 6
Lecture Today
Prof. Lawrence Preuss To
Give Talk On 'American
Neutrality' Tomorrow
Prof. Preston E. James of the geog-
raphy department will deliver the
second in the series of Summer Ses-
sion lectures, speaking at. 5 p.m. to-
day in the Natural Science Audito-
rium on "Rio de Janeiro and Sao
Paulo."
Professor James is an authority on
South American geography, and he
is teaching a course during the Sum-
mer Session dealing with the re-
gional geography of that continent,
contrasting features of the various
countries and presenting their re-
snective problems and possibilities
for development. His lecture will be
illustrated with slides.
At 5 p.m. tomorrow, in the Natural
Science Auditorium, Prof. Lawrence

Preuss of the political science depart-
ment will give a lecture on "The
American Neutrality Policy."
Professor Preuss is known through-
out the country as an expert on'
international law. He has been con-

General Strike Is
Predicted By Reed
PITTSBURGH, June 29.-(i')-At-
torney Earl F. Reed, a key figure in
the steel operators' battle against
New Deal legislation, predicted to-
night labor's unionization drive may
lead to a general strike of American
labor unions.
His statement came while a struggle
impends between capital and labor
over organization of the steel in-
dustry's half million workers.
Reed is counsel for the Wheeling
Steel Company, whose New Boston
plant at Portsmouth, O., has been
closed a month by a strike.
The attorney asserted:
"A group of radicals has taken
complete charge of the community,
without interference from either state
or local officials.
"Trained agitators are being sent to
scores of now peaceful communities
and will create the same situation
and a general sympathetic walkout
by other unions unless the people
awaken."
Music Faculty
Plans Summer

Concert

Series

Besekirsky And Brinkman
To Be Heard In Opening
Program July 7
A series of summer concerts will be
given every Tuesday during the Sum-
mer Session by members of the fac-
ulty of the School of Music.
The first concert to be held at 8:15
p.m. July 7 in Hill Auditorium, will
be given by Prof. Wassily Besekirsky,
violinist and Prof. Joseph Brink-
man, pianist.
The program for the first concert
will open with Mozart's Sonata in B
flat major. Other selections are
Chausson Poeme, Beethoven Kreutzer
Sonata and the Pzigane of Ravel.
The second concert will be a mis-
cellaneous one for which the program
has not been definitely decided, due
to the absence of Prof. Earl V. Moore
who has not returned yet from Eng-
land where he is testing the tone of
the bells for the Carillon.
Prof. Palmer Christian will give an
organ recital for the third concert.
The program will be entirely com-
posed of selections from Bach.
A miscellaneous program to be ar-
ranged at a later date, will form the
fourth concert and Professor Brink-
man will give a program of piano
music for the fifth concert. The
sixth program will also be a miscel-
laneous one.
Plans for the last summer concert
are not definite as yet. According to
Professor Brinkman, it is hoped that
as in former years, Prof. Hanns Pick
will give the program with the as-
sistance of members of his classes.
All concerts will be given at 8:15
p.m. in Hill Auditorium and admis-
sion will be free. Miscellaneous pro-
grams will include selections on the
piano, organ, violin and ensemble se-
lections.
Australia Banned
From Trade List
WASHINGTON, June 29. -- UP) -
President Roosevelt today ordered
Australia removed from the list of
nations receiving tariff concessions.
The reason given was that the
Australian government was at pres-
ent according discriminatory treat-
ment to American commerce.
The decision of the President, con-
veyed in a letter to Secretary Mor-
genthau places Australia along with
Germany as the only nations at pres-
ent on the "discriminatory" list.
The President's order is effective
August 1.
On May 22, the Australian prime
minister, Joseph Lyons, presented to
the Australian parliament a plan
that became effective at once for the
creation of an import licensing sys-

ASU Asks Return
Of Ousted Student
NEW YORK, June 29.-W)-The
American Student Union today
threatened a."nation-wide" campaign
for the reinstatement in Columbia
University of Robert Burke, junior
class president-elect who has been
toldhnot to come back in the fall.
The college and the union were in
sharp disagreement as to just why
Burke was dismissed, although both
agreed the action came after the
student's participation in a demon-
stration in front of the home of Dr.
Nicholas Murray Butler, Columbia's
president.
Dean Herbert E. Hawkes of Co-
lumbia College said the students had
a right to conduct the demonstration
-which was in protest against send-
ing a delegate to a Heidelberg Uni-
versity celebration. But the demon-
stration itself, he said, was of a
"disgraceful" character.
Labor Leaders
Storm Baldwin
PeacePolicy
Charges Premier's Stand
'Endangers Peace And
SecurityOf World'
LONDON, June 29. - UP)- Prime
Minister Stanley Baldwin's govern-
ment was attacked as "a danger to
our country and the peace and se-
curity of the world," tonight, but it
won a vote of confidence in House of
Commons debate.
After the Premier and his War
Minister, Alfred Duff Cooper, were
subjected to a bitter tongue-lashing
by Labor leaders, a technical Labor
motion for adjournment of the de-
bate based on Duff Cooper's speech
recently in Paris, was rejected 284
to 136 in the balloting, which in ef-
fect was a vote of confidence.
The debate was called to discuss
declarations made by cabinet minis-
ters outside parliament which the
labor faction contended were in con-
flict with Britain's declared policies.
Baldwin was absent during the
wrangling, and Clement R. Attlee,;
Labor leader, sarcastically referred
to him as "Little Boy Blue who is
sound asleep."
Herbert Morrison, closing the case
for the Laborites, charged the gov-
ernment was "at sixes and sevens."
"The truth is," he said, "the gov-
ernment has got into a state of utter
irresponsibility in the conduct of for-
eign affairs."
A loud cheer from opposition mem-
bers went up when Morrison declared
ministers like Duff Cooper "ought to
be kept under control; it is bad for
the country and bad for the peace
of the world."
Dug Cooper did not participate in
the debate, but he heard Sir John Si-
mon, home secretary, and Winston
Churchill, Conservative, come to his
defense after Morrison joined other
Laborites in charging he had prom-
ised an unrestricted alliance with
France in case of war "pre-supposing
it will be against Germany."
Wallace To Make
Tour Of Dry Area
WASHINGTON, June 29. - UP) -
After conferring with the adminis-
tration's special drought committee,
Secretary Wallace decided today to
make a personal inspection survey
of the north central drought area.
Paul Appleby, Wallace's assistant,
said no definite itinerary would be
announced and that for the most part
Wallace would travel alone. He

planned to leave Washington tomor-
row, Appleby said, adding that he
might be accompanied during the
first days of the trip by other agri-
culture department officials.
Wallace has a speaking engage-
ment at Duluth, Minn., on July 2,
after which it was indicated he would
proceed into the Dakotas, Montana
and Wyoming where the drought is
causing' the worst damage,
Coast Guard Starts
Search For Wilkinsl
NEW YORK, June 29.-UP)-Coast
Guard ships were instructed several
days ago to look for Sir Hubert Wil-
kins' Antarctic exploration vessel
Wyatt Earp, unreported since leav-
ing New York for Norway twelve
days ago, it was disclosed tonight.
New York division headquarters of
the Coast Guard said a message to

Farley Denies
Rumors He
Has Quit Post
New York Times Dispatch
Says He Has Resigned
To DirectCampaign
'Leave Of Absence'
Is Also Reported
Would Return To Position
If President Roosevelt Is
Reelected
ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., June
29.- (P) --Postmaster General
James A. Farley, denied tonight
that he had resigned as Post-
master General.
WASHINGTON, June 29.--()-_
Advanced as an alternative to re-
ports that James A. Farley proposed
to resign as postmaster general,
some Capital quarters tonight sug-
gested that he might take a leave of
absence until conclusion of the pres-
idential campaign.
Under this plan, usually well-in-
formed sources said, Farley could be
in a position to devote complete at-
tention to directing-as Democratic
national chairman-the reelection
campaign of President Roosevelt.
This would leave William W.
Howes, first assistant postmaster
general, as acting chief of the de-
partment during the Farley absence,
it was suggested.
Farley was renamed chairman of
the national organization at the clos-
ing session of the Philadelphia con-
vention. In addition to his national
chairmanship, he also retains the
chairmanship of the state organiza-
tion, a position which he held prior
to the campaign of Mr. Roosevelt in
1932.
NEW YORK, June 29.--UP)-The
New York Times in a Washington
dispatch says that James A. Farley
has sent his resignation as Postmas-
ter General to President Roosevelt so
he can devote more time to his duties
as chairman of the Democratic Na-
tional Committee.
It was said that the resignation.
will be accepted soon and that Wil-
liam W. Howes, first assistant post-
master general, will be designated
acting postmaster general.
Some Democrats were said to be-
lieve that Howes would perform
postmaster general duties during the
campaign, and that Farley would be
reappointed if President Roosevelt is
reelected.
The newspaper reported opposition
had developed to the plan, however,
and that the president might later
appoint a new man to the post.
"Friends of Mr. Farley," the dis-
patch continued, "are hopeful that
he can return as postmaster general
after the November election. It is
known that he desires to remain in
the cabinet, believing that thus his
prospects of success in his plans to
run for governor of New York in
1938 would be enhanced."
Opening Night
Of Second Play
Draws Crowd

'Squaring The Circle' Is
Presented To Faculty,
Students, Townspeople
Despite a pouring rain last night,
an enthusiastic crowd gathered to
grcet the excellent opening night of
"Squaring the Circle," the second
play of the Repertory Players this
season.
Among the first nighters was Mrs.
Avard Fairbanks whose young son,
Virgil, took the part of Sashka in
the cast. Hubert Skidmore, author
of the recently published Hopwood
Prize novel, "I Will Lift Up Mine
Eyes," was also present.
The Rev. Charles Brashares and
Mrs. Brashares and the Rev. H. P.
Marley and Mrs. Marley were also
seen. Among members of the fac-
ulty attending were Prof. and Mrs.
Waldo M. Abbot and Prof. and Mrs.
Gail E. Densmore, both men of the
speech department.

Italy Pledges
Small Army
For Ethiopia
Note Delivered To League
Just Prior To Selassie's
Plea For Justice
Italians Place Blame
Of War OnEthiopia
Guerilla Tactics Continue
In Conquered Territory;
Native Warriors Bombed
GENEVA, June 29,-(P)-Italy,
seeking to calm fears of Great Brit-
ain and France, promised the League
of Nations tonight that she would notI
create a huge Ethiopian Army.
This pledge was contained in a
note delivered on the eve of a ses-
sion of the League Assembly before
which Emperor Haile Selassie will
make a personal plea for "justice."
The Italian note blamed Ethio-
pians for the war and sketched plans
for the development of the country,
promising to keep the League in
touch. It announced Italy's inten-
tion to "collaborate in every way"
with the Geneva body,
Haile Selassie wrote officials: "It
is our intention personally to take
part in one of several meetings of the
Assembly at the head of the Ethi-
opian delegation."
The Negus, stripped of his Em-
pire by Italy, remained in seclusion
in his hotel today working on his
appeal, to be delivered in French.
Creation of an "International Col-
lege of Elder Statesmen" to help the7
League keep worldpeace was sug-
gested tonight by the Greek jurist,
Nicolas Politis.
Behind Politis' proposal was the
idea that the United States, Germany+
and Japan might join the League if
members were freed of general sanc-
tions responsibility.I
Politis proposed to limit the par-t
ticipation of nations in economic anda
financial sanctions to those directly
interested in any conflict and to re-'
strict military sanctions to a re-1
gional group of states of which the
victim of aggression would be a mem-
ber. .
He also proposed a new interpre-
tation of Article 10 whereby nations
would respect, but not undertake to
guarantee, the territorial indepen-
dence of other nations.
The suggested College of States-
men would advise the Council on the1
best means of maintaining peace
during any menace of war.
Delegates were agreed that the As-
sembly would lift sanctions from'
Italy, but a perplexing question wasI
the question of recognition of the
territory acquired by force,
It was believed that some action at
least implying disapproval of Italy's
action was discussed by the Argen-
tine, French and British representa-
tives.I
LONDON, June 30.-UP)----Guerilla
warfare continues unabated in Eth-
iopia, the London Daily Telegraph
reported from Djibouti today. The
newspaper said that Italian air-
planes bombed several thousand Eth-
iopian warriors massed near Harar,
second city of Emperor Haile Selas-
sic's lost kingdom.
Dispatches from Rome, however,
said that Premier Mussolini has or-
dered several contingents of the
Italian Army in Ethiopia to come
home, apparently as a gesture to
show the "pacification" of Ethiopia

under Italian rule prior to tomorrow's
session of the League Assembly.
Kidnaper Of HamMrn
Enters Guilty Plea
ST. PAUL., June 29._--AP)-Charles
(Big Fitz) Fitzgerald, Los Angeles,j
pleaded guilty in Federal Court today
to complicity in the $100,0000 kid-
naping of William Hamm; Jr., in
June, 1933. He will be sentenced
July 7.
The plea of Fitzgerald, indicted as
a participant in the actual seizure of
the brewing company head, reduced
to three the number who will stand
trial for the crime July 14. They are
Alvin Karpis, Edmund Bartholmey,
former Bensenville, Ill., postmaster
in whose home it was charged Hamm
was held; and John Piefer, former St.
Paul night club owner named as
"fingerman" in the case.

Slosson Contends
Dictatorships Are

Positions as reporte
torial staff and assi
business staff are stil
announced last night.
Staff heads empha
that experience on
Daily is particularly,
view of the fact that th
and therefore, an o
all varieties of work i
8 Football
Definitel
For Fall ,
9 Other Prospe
For Summer S
Become Eligil
Eight prospects fo
football team are defir
for the fall season, nin
for the University'sE
sion to straighten out 
difficulties and the s
more potential footba
nite, Andrew S. Bake
the Board in Control o
ucation, announced y
Those who hope. to 
for the coming season
their deficiencies duri
Session are JohnB
Campbell, Dick Gint
dan, Forrest Jordan, A
Sobsey, Bob Stanton a
lek.
Those definitely out:
are Francis Clark, C
Harold Hill, Bill Jurc
Marion Thompson, Ha
and Ray Courtright.
The standing of Tiny
la and Dutowski is as
Wright's eligibility d
grade which has yet to
it is not known yet
kowski or Anella have
Summer Session.
If Wright and Johl
both ineligible for the
Coach Harry Kipke w
problem on his hands,
left without a center f
ine team. Wright w
varsity center last se
Jordan was awarded
Alumni trophy lasts
freshman who showed
provement during spr
Jordan is also a cente
New Possi
Clue Fou
Child 11
EAST TAWAS, Mich
-A suggestion thate
Robert Kenyon mayh
the woods to "meets
day he was mutilated
today from state polic
the boy's death.
Detective-Lieut. Ph
quoted the boy's aun
S. Thomas, at whose
been staying, as sayi
run away five or sixv
stayed two hours, an
her last Monday desp
him.
A dog with the boy
an hour later. Rob
found in the Augr
throat slashed and
tongue cut off.
Coroner W. A. Eva
poned until 10 a.m. We
quest he had planned

rs on the edi- Outmoded Theories
stants on the
i open, it was By THOMAS H. KLEENE
sized the fact The conviction that the present is
the Summer merely an age of dictatorships which
worthwhile in are not permanent but rather "crisis
e staff is small governments" was yesterday ex-
pportunity for pressed by Prof. Preston W. Slosson
is available.
of the history department in open-
ing the annual series of 24 Summer
M en Session lectures.
That some other type of govern-
ment will soon be developed is a cer-
tainty, according to the speaker, but
there is no way of knowing what
course new trends will take. "Any-
S eason thing may happen but the contin-
uation of dictatorships," he predicted.
Professor Slosson addressed a ca-
'cts Enroll pacity crowd which filled Natural
Session To Science Auditorium to overflowing
on "Modern Dictatorships."
Disease Of Democracy
In describing dictatorship as "a
r the varsity disease of democracy in its infancy,"
aitely ineligible he viewed as significant that "in the
e have enrolled whole world there are no dictator-
Summer Ses- ships where there has been any long
their scholastic period of experience with democracy,
as shown by the English-speaking
tatus of three nations, Switzerland, France and the
ilers is indef- Netherland countries."
xsetry of- Dictatorships were cited as a "neg-
r, secretary of ative system of government which
f Physical Ed- result from the breakdow, of other
esterday. forms of government." There is
become eligible usually no orderly succession when
by making up the dictator dies, Professor Slosson
ig the Summer said.
Brennan, Bob Tracing the history of dictatorships
er, John Jor- from the year 1914 when there were
Alex Loiko, Sol none to 1935 when two-thirds of the
nd Vincent Va- states in Europe were under this
form of government, Professor Slos-
for next season son attributed their development in
lyde Hanshue, Europe to the World War.
a, Bob Schick, Dictatorships Listed
rold Wilmarth Russia, where "the Communist
party is the only party on earth to
have been continually in office since
Wright, Anel- 1917," Turkey, Italy, and Germany
yet uncertain, are the states which are unquestion-
epends on a ably dictatorships, he stated. Near-
be filed, while dictatorships or those recently found-
enlerDt-ed exist in all the states of the Baltic,
nrolled for the Balkans, Hispanic peninsula, and all
save one of the Adriatic countries,
con seaon according to Professor Slosson.
coming season Those are the countries "in which
ill have a real the executive exercises power above
for he will be and beyond constitutional or legal
or the Wolver- restrictions, which fact at once sets
as the regular it (the government) above hereditary
ason and John or democratic forms," Professor
the Chicago Slosson stated in speaking of the
spring as the essence of dictatorships.
the most im- j Russia Alone Is Communist
fring practice. "It is the substance and reality of
power which makes a dictator," the
speaker said as he pointed out that
the leader need not necessarily be
the holder of a high office, but that
 In in some countries he is the holder of
[fljj"a humble office or no office at all."
"Russia remains' as the only ex-
ample of a radical or communist dic-
du' r ertatorship," Professor Slosson stated.
_ "All other dictatorships are strongly
., June 29.- nationalistic arising from a national
.,eJen-ear-l) danger or a feeling of national hu-
eleven-year-old mility."
have gone into In discussing the differences be-
some one" the tween the Italian and German set-
and slain came ups, the speaker pointed out that
there are only two essential points of
e investigating dissimilarity between the Nazi and
/ Fascist systems: first, in the person-
ilip L. Hutson ality of the two leaders, Mussolini is
t, Mrs. George an opportunist, while Hitler is fanat-
home he had ical; and, second, in that Hitler is
ng Robert had "obsessed by outmoded ethnological
weeks ago and theories long since proven fallacious,"
d that he left while Mussolini is most concerned
ite her calls to with his actual program.
returned alone
ert's body wassWomen To Support
es River, the
rLan udon's Candid7acy
the ears and a..s a e
ns today post- TOLEDO, O., June 29.-UP)-Wom-
dnesday an in- en delegates from 25 states, repre-
to hold Tues- senting both Republicans and insur-

Positions Are Open To
Students On Daily Staffs
Any graduate or undergraduate
students of the Summer Session in-
terested in working on either the
editorial or business staffs of The
Summer Daily should report to the
offices in the Student Publications
Building on Maynard St. any day
this week.

~Crises'

Measures
Says Other Governmental
Types Will Develop;,
New Trends Uncertain
Delivers Opening
Summer Lecture
Hitler Is Described As
Fanatic Obsessed With