III

Scattered showers Friday or
Friday night, followed by gen-
erally fair and cooler Saturday.

L

fV.

itigmi

.

ait


Official Publication Of The Summer Session

VOL. XIV No. 16

ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JULY 14, 1933

a a a

Aiton Speaks
On Mexico's
'Democracy'
Says Australian Ballot In
Election Was Unheard
Of In The Old Days
Rule Of Terror Is
Called Still Present
Well-Paid Army Used To
Mean Success For The
Man In Command
By POWERS MOULTON
Porfirio Diaz, a young radical who
opposed the established Mexican gov-
ernment, rode up to the polls on
horseback and stuck his head in the
flap of the tent. The Australian bal-
lot was unheard of, and you had to
cast your vote vocally. Diaz shouted
his vote against the government, dug
in his spurs, and rode away amid a
hail of bullets.
That was the way democracy
worked in South and Central Amer-
ica in the old days-the way it does
even now, perhaps-according to
Prof. Arthur s. Aiton's talk yesterday
afternoon on the Summer Session's
special lecture series. I
Despots Monopolized Votes
Under the "cuadillos," despotic
presidents who flourished throughout
the Latin republics during the last
century, there were very few votes
for the opposition. The president
controlled the army, and the army
controlled the ballot boxes. The only
way the president could lose power
was to die naturally, or unnaturally.
He was the father of his people, and
made them love it. If you didn't like
living under his rule, you were soon
relieved of that privilege.
"The rule of terror hasn't stopped
in Latin America," Professor Aiton
said, "but in the early Gays it was a
common thing. A well-paid army was
the secret of success. If the president
felt you were his enemy he had you
arrested. Then you were poked in the
back wi tha bayonet .and. tol to run
If you didn't you were poked a bit
harder, and that did the work. If you
ran you were shot down for resisting
arrest."
Independence Caused Chaos
The cuadillos came as the result
of the chaotic state in which the
Latin American , countries , were
thrown when they first cast off for-
eign rule, Professor Aiton said. Boli-
var, who envisioned a South America
-made up of related republics, first
pronounced the theory of presidential
despotism because he knew that the
people were not yet ready for self-
governmnent. Strdhg men rose out of
the chaos to take over personal rule
while preserving the outward forms
of democracy.
"The cuadillos were soldiers in th
main, with little imagination for civil
government," he continued. "Of
course they were interested in main-
taining their prestige with the peo-
pile, so they beautified their capitols
with great profit to themselves." Pro-
fessor Aiton cited the recent building
of the capitol house in Cuba as an
example of a public-spirited enter-
prise in which a big chance for ma-
nipulation of money is offered.
Outward Benevolence Required
"However, good or bad, the presi-
dential despots have been dominating
figures in the change from chaos to
greater stability," he said. "They
have been gradually forced to rule
with at least the outward aspects of
benevolence. They have begun to re-

spect the power of the people, the
unintelligent masses of South Amer-
ica who are at last awakening to po-
litical consciousness. They have
begun to talk of inalienable rights
and freedom; they have begun to
change the constitution to suit their
own ends rather than break it out-
right."
Professor Aiton blamed Latin
American*unrestto a variety of
causes-the lack of party allegiance
as opposed to loyalty to personages,
the conservatism with which the old
Spanish aristocracy clings to the tra-
dition of corrupt rule, and the lack
of a natural relationship and cohe-
sion between the sharply separated
strata of society.
"And after all, the South and Cen-
tral Americans are largely of Span-
ish blood," he stated, "and it has
been said that if 10,000,000 Span-
iards were given freedom there would
immediately be 30,000,000 separate
Spanish republics."
Students Invited To Play
In Onen Tennis Tourney

Ireland Welcomes Leader Of Italian Flyers

-Associated Press Photo
Gen. Italo Balbo, leader of the Italian air squadron flying to
Chicago, is shown happily responding to an enthusiastic welcome

given the birdmen by the mayor
derry, Irelaind.
IndianU T Open
Socialist Club
Lecture Series11

Sinha's Address To
With War, Strike,
Liberal Parties

Deal
And

Tarini P. Sinha, exiled Indian So-
cialist, will open the lecture series
sponsored by the Socialist Club'at
5 p. m. today in Natural Science Au-
ditorium, speaking on "Labor and
Parliament." The club will present
an address every Friday afternoon
during the Summer Session.
Sinha will interpret the war, the
general strike, and the fate of the
Socialist and other parties in terms
of the details of the lives of e
leaders. Sinha studied in England,
joined Gandhi's Red Cross service,
took a part in the Indian indepen-
dence movement, and was exiled. He
has since served with the British In-.
dependent Labor Party, the Ma'n-
chester Guardian, the Opium section
of the League of Nations, and the de-
partment of economics at the Uni-
versity.
The Socialist Club has announced
lectures for the succeeding Fridays.
July 21, Dr. F. S. Onderdorik of the
College of Architecture will give an
illustrated talk on "l\/Iunicipal Hous-
ing in Vienna." July 28, Neil Staebler
will consider "What Has Roosevelt
Accomplished?" Art and Propa-
ganda" is the topic of Dr. Ernest
Sunderland Bates, Aug. 4. The final
talk by Gordon Halstead on "Gand-
hiism and Socialism" will be held
Friday, Aug. 11.
Faculty Team Is Idle But
Whips Superintendents
Due to a default by the Superin-
tendents, yesterday's baseball game
in the Men's Education Club baseball
series was won by the Faculty, 1 to
0. The other game, between the
Teachers and the Chemistry team,
was won bytthe scientists, 4 to 1.
First place in the 25-yard breast-
stroke event in the summer swim-
ming tournament was won by
Charles Thomas, in 15 seconds. Sec-
ond place in the event went to
Brackley Shaw and third place to
John Pope.
The next event in the swimming
tournament will be the 50-yard free
style event, to be run off at 5:15 p. m.
on Monday, July 17.

and civic dignitaries of London-
* * * -
SHEDIAC, N. B, July 13.-AP)-
Italo Balbo and his squadron of 24
Italian seaplanes, bound for the
Century of Progress Exposition in
Chicago, arrived here late today,
completing a flight of 800 miles from
Cartwright, Labrador, the fifth leg
in the largest long distance mass air
movement in history.
The Armada started its takeoff
from Cartwright at 8:20 a. m. The
flyers arrived there late yesterday,
following the most hazardous stage
of their trip-the 1,500-mile North
Atlantic crossing from Reykjavik,
Iceland, to Labrador.
General Balbo, the Iatlian air min-
ister, was piloting the leading plane
as the Armada swept down from the
north. The leader, after seeing all of
his charges safely down, stepped into
a motorboat and was taken to the
wharf along with five of his officers.
Smiling and happy, he greeted the
officials waiting to receive him.
Metal Work.-of
Art Classes On,
Exhibition Here
An exhibition of the art metal-
work of classes in industrial arts is
now on display in show cases on the
first floor of University High School.
Under the direction of Henry M.
Dexter, industrial arts teacher from
Grand- Rapids, the classes have
turned out numerous art objects-
all of them showing that the students
have put into it real creative ability,
critics said.
Mr. Dexter has been engaged in
this type of work since he was 11
years old, he said yesterday, having
begun it at that age in his home in
Hungary as an apprentice. Included
in. the display are goblets, trays,
pitchers, cups, lamps, plaques, clocks,
cigarette and jewel boxes, vases, pic-
ture frames, dinner gongs, book ends,
and many other articles.'
Interested parties were urged to in-
spect this showing of the work of the
group at any time.
Two Detroit Banks To
Receive R. F. C. Loans
WASHINGTON, July 13.-(P)-
The Reconstruction Finance Corp.
today announced that it would
loan the receiver for the Guardian
National Bank of Commerce at
Detroit $20,000,000 to $25,000,000
and the receiver for the First Na-
tional Bank up to $50,000,000.

Two Micigan
Swimmers In
A.AoU. Finals
Cristy And Robertson Are
Second In 2 Qualifying
Heats Of One-Mile Race
Degener To Enter
Diving Event Today
Medica, Wiget, Flanagan
Will Give U. Of M. Stars
Stiff Competition
CHICAGO, July 13.-aP)-A pair of
youngsters, Jack Medica of Seattle,
Washington, and Ralph Flanagan,
of Miami, Florida, showed the way
to their older rivals today in the
trials of the one-mile free style,
opening event of the National A.A.U.
swimming championship meet.
The Seattle' youth, a University of
Washington freshman, paddled just'
fast enough to win the first heat,
held over a 50-meter course in the
north lagoon at the World's Fair
grounds in 22:7. Fifteen-year-old
Flanagan, the favorite to win the
finals tomorrow, did likewise, cover-
ing the distance in 22:22.4.
Back of Medica in the opening
heat came James Cristy, Jr., of the
University of Michigan, Lewis Nagy
of New Orleans, and Bruce Grove, of
the University of Iowa. Tex Robert-
son, a University of Michigan fresh-
man, Gordon Connolly of the Bos-
ton Swimming Association, and Ed-
ward Faulkner of Kansas City, fol-
lowed the Miama youth into quali-
fying places.
The 440 breast stroke, springboard
diving, and 100-metre free-style will
be held tomorrow.
Leonard Spence of the New York
A. C. and Don Horn appear the best
of the breast stroke field, while Dick
Degener, University of lichigan star,
is the choice in the diving event.
The 100-metre, however, has drawn
a closely matched field. Al Schwartz
of the Illinois A. C.; the New York
A. C. .t'rio ofWalter: Spencer George
Fissler and John Howland; Manuella
Kallili of the Hollywood A. C.; John
Schmieler of the University of Michi-
gan, Art Highland of Northwestern,
and Ted Wiget of Stanford all have
scored numerous triumphs.
Hostesses For
League Dances
Are Annonced
Hostesses for the Friday and Sat-
urday night dances to be held at the
League throughout theh Summer Ses-
sion were announced yesterday by
Miss Ethel McCormick, social direc-
tor of women.
'Headed by Sally Place, summer
president of the League, and Jean
Seeley, social chairman, they are as
follows: Billie Griffiths, Eleanor De-'
maree, Katherine McGregor, Vir-
ginia Hartz, Ann Mitchell, Wilma
Clizbe, Henrietta Schultz, Sally
Bloom, Ada Blackman, and Melna
Reeder.
Idelle Switzer, Genevieve Blanken-
backer, Elizabeth Nichols, Florence
Leich, Margaret Robb, Lois Zimmer-
man, Katherine Russel, Rose Bolo-
toff, Adele Shukwilt, Barbara Shuk-
er, Reta Codling, Marie Heid, Al-
berta Heid, Jean Keppel, and Nina

Pollock.
"The League is the only place on
campus where students may meet
each other in groups," Miss McCor-
mick said.
MAJOR LEAGUE
STANDINGS
By the Associated Press

Kidnap Secret
Service Plan
Is Advocated
Roosevelt's Grandchildren
Guarded By Washington
Secret Service Men
Factor Pays Large
Sum For Freedom'
Whereabouts Of Leur And
O'Connell Are Unknown;
Ransom Notes Received
(By Associated Press)
A nationwide kidnap secret service
was advocated last night by Frank
Loesch, veteran head of the Chicago
Crime Commission, as a protection
against abductions while two prom-
inent victims still remained in the
hands of captors. A third was at'
liberty after payment of $50,000 ran-
som.
In Washington the secret service
revealed that guards had been placed
over' the grandchildren of President
Roosevelt, but no threats had been
made against them. Attorney Gener-
al Cummings said the administration
was drawing up drastic legislation to
deal with kidnapers and gangsters
and that establishment of a Federal
police force had been suggested.
John Factor, internationally known
market plunger, was at his Chicago
home after 12 days of captivity and
payment of $50,000 ransom.
The whereabouts of John O'Con-
nell, Jr., 24, of Albany, N. Y., kid-
naped July 7, was still unknown. A
$200,000 ransom demand was receiv-
ed.
August Luer, aged Alton, Ill.,
banker, also remained in the hands
of abductors.
Investigation Of
Campus Thefts
Is-At -Standtil
The investigation of the series of
robberies which has occurred on the
campus since the opening of the
Summer Session was at a standstill
yesterday with no further clues or
thefts reported at Police headquar-
ters.
Local officers are attempting to
solve successfully these burglaries
which began on the night of Satur-
day, July 1. It is the opinion of Chief
of Police Lewis W. Fohey and other
investigators that a ring of hoodlums
is taking advantage of the fact that
fraternity doors are not locked at
night toconduct a systematic loot-
ing of 'all houses open for the sum-
mer.
Lambda Chi Alpha, 1601 Wash-
tenaw Ave., suffered the greatest loss,
with approximately $35 in cash taken
from the members. Three other
houses, Delta Phi, 915 Oakland Ave.,
Theta Delta Chi, 700 S. State St.,
and Kappa Delta Rho, 914 Hill St.,
have all been entered since last Mon-
day night. The losses varied from two
typewriters and a small amount of
money to $35 in cash.
Ann Arbor Girl Reaches
Finals In State Tourney
Jean Kyer, of Barton Hills, will be
matched against Mrs. Harley G.

Higbie, defending champion in the
finals of the women's state golf tour-
nament, by virtue of her win yester-
day over Mrs. Stewart Hanley, of the
Meadowbrook Country Club. Miss
Kyer upset Mrs. Hanley 6-5, while
Mrs. Higbie was eliminating Mrs.
John Arends, of Detroit, 5-4

ice section of the new
road administration.

Freight Director

Federal rail-

Itinerary For
Niagara Falls
TripRleased
.'
Postponed Excursion Will'
Leave On Special Coach
Early Saturday Morning
The complete itinerary of tomor-
row's University excursion to Niagara
Falls, under the direction of Prof.
Laurence M. Gould, was made public
yesterday. The plan, which follows,
was released by Prof. Wesley H.
Maurer, director of the excursion'
series:
Saturday, July 15th
7:05 a. m. (Ann Arbor time) the
party boards special coach which will
arrive in Niagara Falls at 1:27 p. m.
(2:27 local daylight saving time at
Niagara.) -
Cross street to Temperance House
and be assigned to rooms.
At 3 p. m. take special taxis from
hotel to the Buffalo plant of the Ni-
agara Falls Power Company to in-
spect model of Falls in operation.
Thence to Schoelkopf plant to in-
spect one of the greatest hydro-elec-
tric power plants in the world;
thence to pier of the steamer "Maid
of the Mist" for trip to the Horse-.
Shoe Falls.
After supper walk to Goat Island
above Falls and then' across Inter-
national Bridge and to Table Rock
to view night illumination of the cat-
aract.

AnnA

2nd

-Associated Press Photo
J. R. Turney of St. Louis, vice-
president of the St. Louis and
Southwestern Railway, has been
named director of the freight serv-

In Capita
Municipal Leagu
Shows City Ra
Compared In C
Report Cover
Cities In Mi

'I

40

Total Debt of City Placed
At $1,684,884; Divided
Into Five Sub-Groups
By JOHN C. HEALEY
Ann Arbor, with a population of
26,994 and an assessed valuation of
$41,278,835, has a pei- capital net
general bonded debt of $19.41, it is
shown by a report on the municipal
debt in Michigan, published by the
Michigan Municipal League of this
city.
The total net bonded debt 1,694-
88A, is divided into a number of sub
classes which include funded debts
of $468,384 in special assessment
bonds, $728,000 in public utility
bonds (water), $28,000, in sewer
bonds, $150,000 for poor relief, and
$93,000 for other improvements, The
latter includes paving, curbing and
gutters, sidewalks, and bridges.
General Divisions Shown
A percentage comparison of this
with the distribution of the bonded
debt of other cities by purpose shows
that the general per cent Is: 26 per
cent for sewers and, sewage dis-
posal facilities; 22.6 per cent for
water supply; 15.8 per cent for other
improvements as fire protection,
bridges, paving ,and sidewalks; 13.8
per cent for other municipally owned
utilities; 10.3 per cent for buildings
and property; 8.7 per cent for im-
provements to be paid , by special
assessments; and 2.5 per cent for
welfare.
Outstanding welfare bligations
were pointed out in the report as
consisting chiefly of R. F. C. short-
-term "pled.e. rather tha. lamity
bonds."
Bay City s Lowest
In its class, that of cities with
populations between 20,000 and 50,-
000, Ann Arbor has next to the
smallest per capita net general
bonded debt. Bay City, with a per
capita debt of $4.72, Is the lowest,
Ann Arbor second smallest with
$19.41, and Royal Oak highest with
$82.82.
Cities ranked in ascending order
of their per capita general obliga-
tion debt places Ann Arbor in sixty-
third place, while when they are
ranged in ascending order of the
same debt per $1,000 of assessed
valuation Ann Arbor Is in forty-sixth
place, with $12.67.
The report covers the Alnancia
standings of the 148 incorporated
cities in the State, as well as that of
the 322 incorporated villages. - It
states that 20 cities are entirely
free from debt, 17 cities' entire
bonded debt consists of either special
assessment or public utility bonds,
and only 109 cities have general ob-
ligation bonds which must be retired
solely by the general tax levy.
Michigan Cities Well Off
Data present indicates that, with
a few exceptions, Michigan cities are
not as heavily burdened with genera
obligation debt as is popularly be-
lieved, and that the greater portior
of municipal debt in the State ,i
concentrated -'within the Detroi
metropolitan area.
In the case of villages, 148' of the
322 are without debts of any kin
and 15 have only short term note:
outstanding. The concentration o
village debt within the Detroit, met.
ropolitan area is analogous to tha
of cities except that it is more pro
nounced. On the whole the debt bur
den of villages is noticeably lighte
than that of cities.
On an assessed valuation bassth
general obligation debts of the vil
lages presents a more favorable pic
ture than -the cities. There are 22
villages of the 322 that report havin
no general obligation debt at all.

Sunday, July 16th
9 a. m. Take special bus at Tem-
perance House for Gorge Route, stop-
ping, at chief points of, interest, such
as Table Rock, railway bridges,
Whirlpool, Wintergreen Flats, Brock
Monument, Whirlpool Rapids, for ex-
planatory comment and questions.
Return to hotel for late lincheon.
2:30 p. m. Trip to Cave of the
Winds.
No further official trips are
planned as part of the excursion.
10:45 p. m. (Standard Time-11:45
daylight saving time) Party will
board special car to entrain for Buf-
falo arriving there at 11:30 (12:30
daylight saving time); special coach
for Ann Arbor will be available in the
station and clan be boarded imme-
diately.
2:30 a. m. Train leaves for Ann
Arbor.
8:35 a. m. (Monday) Party arrives
in Ann Arbor.;
Due to the unusually low rate al-
lowed *y the Railroad, members of
the party must travel as a group.



3 Days Of Discussion Planned
On Readjustments In Education
Three days of discussion on "Re- liam G. Carr, director of research of
adjustments in Education," spon- the National Educational Associa-
sored by the School of Education, tion, will speak on it "From the Na-
will open Monday, July 24, and con- tional Point of View."
tinue through Wednesday, July 26, Dr. Paul Voelker, State Superin-
education school officials have an- tendent of Public Instruction will
nounced. talk on "From the State Point of'
Many prominent men in the field View," and Dean James B. Edmon-
will take part in this meeting, which son of the School of Education will
is expected Ito be of great value in speak on "Some Plans of the Na-
clarifying the problems now con- tional Commission of the Emergency
fronting the profession as a result in Education."
of economic conditions. All of the Superintendent Harold Steele, of
meetings will be held in the Union. Jackson, will lead the discussion. The
.-:_ . .: .. .. . _ -.. . .~-".,,__ - - .x.411-4 n . ~

Field Session More Than Half
CompletedAtGeography Camp'

AMERICAN LEAGUE
W
Washington.............. 51
New York................. 51
Philadelphia...............41
Chicago...................41
Detroit.................... 39
Cleveland.39
Boston.................... 34
St. Louis.32
Thursday's Results
Detroit 3, Boston 2.
New York 12, St. Louis 0.
Cleveland 6, Philadelphia 5.
Chicago 9, Washington 6.
Friday's Gamnes
Detroit at Boston.
St. Louis at New York.
ClevelandatPhiladelphia.
Chicago at Washington.
NATIONAL LEAGUE
W
New York.................46
Chicago..........46
Pittsburgh................43
St. Lous 4

L
28
30
40
41
44
45
46
54

Pct.
.646
.630
.506
.500
.470
.464
.425
.372

By JOE RUSSELL
(Former Sports Editor of The Daily)
MILL SPRINGS, Ky., July 13.-
(Special) -With the annual field
season of the University of Michi-
gan Geology and Geography Field
Station more than half completed,
work in the six courses offered in the
Mill Springs area is rapidly nearing
completion.
Members of the course in strati-
graphic geology, working under Prof.
G. M. Ehlers, after having been in-
structed in the use of field instru-

and by ground water. There are
many fine examples of both types
of water erosion in this area, and
many caves, some of which rival the
famous Mammoth Cave in interest,
have been entered for the first time.
According to Professor Scott, some
of these caves would be of more thar
passing interest to tourists if they
were more accessible.
The students enrolled in the geo-
graphy section, after a period- of in.
struction in the fundamentals o:
geographical field methods and thi

ei
.}
e
z
Y

Lndberghs Are Delay4
In Flight To Labra
ST. JOHNS, Newfoundland,
13.-(P)-Unfavorable weather
vented Col.' and Mrs. Charl
Lindbergh from leaving her
Cartwright, Labrador, today on
aerial mapping expedition.
Tn xxr. rtnld w. a onflfn~rrv~

L
32
38
37

Pot.
.590
.548
.538
531