THE MICHIGAN DAILY SUN

CHIGAN DAILY
cation of the Summer Session

R am i , a...:
I {. H ...ro :. .a ... ,


°',,I ,"
. "-.

,. .

I

'r

A Wash ington
B1YSTANDER
By KIRKE SIMPSON
WASHINGTON-There is something to be said
for minority membership status in Congress. True,
no juicy committee chairmanships are to be had
by the minority; no patronage comes their way
to help prop political fences at home-yet all that
has its compensations . Constituents do not
hold minority members responsible for what hap-

' - or HF K M ---
P b3ished every morning except Monday during the
inflaty year and Summer Session by the Board in
*Control of Student Publications
Member of the Western Conference Editorial Associa-
tion and, the Big Ten News Service.
. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Te 4ssociated Press is exclusively entitled to the use
fdk repulieation of all news dispatches credited to it or
not otherwise credited in this paper and the local news
published herein. All rights of republication of special
dispatches are reserved.
' i*.ed fat the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as
oe n classmatter. Special rate of postage granted by
Tird Assistant Postmaster-General.
ubscription during summer by carrier, $1.00; by mail,
$1.50. During regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by
mlail, $4.50.
OnneStudent Publications Building, Mhaynard Street,
Ann Arbor, Michigan. Phone 2-214 .
Aprsentatives: College Publications Representatives,
':40- East Thirty-Fourth street, New Yprk City; 80
Bylston Street, Boston; 612 North Michigan Avenue,
Chicago. National Advertising Service, Inc., 11 West 42nd
8t., New York, N. Y.
EDITORIAL STAFF
Phone: 4925
MN6AGING EDITOR..... ......FRANK B;. GILBRE11
ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR. KARL SEIFFERT
ASSOCIATE EDITORS: John C. Healey, Powers Moulton
and E. Jerome Pettit.
InTERS : Edgar H Ekert, Thomas . Kleene, Bruce
.Manley, Diana Powers Moulton, Sally Place.
~BUSINESS STAFF
Office Hours; 912, 1-5
Phone: 2-1214
RSIN 'MANAGER..........UE...BYRON C. VEDDER
AiNS8TANT BUSINESS MANAGER ...HARY R. BEGLIEY
IBOULATION MANAGER..........ROBERT L. PIERCE
SUNDAY, AUGUST 13, 1935
America's War
in Crime...
O NE of the significant steps which
has been taken by President
Itposevelt's commission to investigate crime came
s iortly after Professor Moley, who will retain his
po4ition as undersecretary of state, was made the
head of this commission. Within twnty-four
hours of the time that the organization started to
fiiction, it received the assurance of the nation's
two manufacturers of sub-machine guns that in
te future their weapons would be sold only to
the Federal government.
,:properly carried out, and backed by a similar
rction on the part of other manufacturers of
lethal weapons, this should do much to stamp out
the activities of gangsters and racketeers. The
manufacturers claim that by selling only to the
government or direct subsidiaries of the govern-
ment, and keeping a close check on the serial
numbers of the weapons, it will soon become very
difficult for criminals to get possession of the
more effective types of guns
This is certainly one of the important steps to
be taken if we are to wage a successful war against
those who in the past have had their own way in
leducing virtually every type of business in this
ogntry to a racket.
And, on. the other hand, in order to properly
gombat those who have had the upper hand for
s long, it would seem reasonable to make it easier
for the respectable citizen to obtain a weapon for
is own protection. If it were made easier for
:responsible business man to obtain a gun prob-
ab y the fights between legitimate business and
, .,gangster would come out on the right side
a bit oftener.
At any rate, it is heartening to note that society
" s finally taking definite steps to combat the
racketeer, and that it is going about it in the
right way-by taking away the dangerous tool
mf the racketeer, without which he is reduced to
- even, lower level of effectiveness than those
th whom he is to fight. Without a gun the
#vprage criminal is anything but fearless; with
* his gun gone and his gangs reduced in size, Uncle
Sam should soon get the upper hand on him.
We Still
have Heroes . .
AN often mourns the fact that the
gym; days of knighthood are gone for-
eer and that it is no longer possible for a man
+9 don armor, jump onto a fiery steed, and go
+oirth to slay dragons for the love of a beautiful

pens in Washington.
Representative Louie Ludlow of Indiana had
some remarks to make along this line as he sat
among former press gallery colleagues at the
White House. He will be recalled as the original
press gallery graduate into the House after a
quarter century of Washington news reporting.
That Ludlow promotion-or demotion if. you
accept the press gallery view-took place in 1928
when Democrats in any but Dixie delegations were
a rarity. If memory serves Ludlow was the only
new House Democrat to be elected that Hoover
year north of the Mason-Dixon line. He had but
two party colleagues on the Indiana delegation.
Now, however,.Mr. Ludlow finds himself a sen-
ior in a solidly Democratic delegation from Hoo-
sier land, excepting only Senator Arthur Robin-
son. There are an even dozen Democrats now in
the Indiana house bloc.
Full Of Cares
"And now I am -held responsible by letter-writ-
ing constituents for everything that happens here
in Washington," Louie said, plaintively. "Also for
things that don't happen, like government jobs.
Life was a lot simpler as a minority member.
Nobody expected you to do anything but talk."
Ludlow is preparing to do a little lecture tour-
ing in Indiana this summer. He is getting up data
on past or present presidential humor to illustrate
his tales of Washington life.
If you search the House office building closely,
however, you can find 'amusing sidelights which
Mr. Ludlow will not mention. Quite a lot of new
members who rushed off home at the close of the
special session have come very quietly back to put
in an appearance of being busy about their offices.
Long-Distance Dealing
Ten days or so of meeting face to face demands
for federal jobs at home was enough for them.
They plan to stay in Washington and deal with
the job hunters by mail.
Bertrand Snell
One of the trying duties devolving upon Rep-
resentative Bert Snell as Republican minority
leader of the House was to sound a keynote for
the regular wing of the party to which the com-
ing congressional campaign could be attuned.
He did it soon after what he termed the "Roose-
velt honeymoon session" of Congress ended. A
blacker picture of government mismanagement
than he drew would be hard to find.
Yet there is this to be noted. Mr. Snell was a
bit careful about making a frontal attack on most
of the domestic recovery measures, in themselves,
launched by the White House. His main crit-
icisms were directed at expenditures of tax funds,
what he termed "repudiation" of the gold payment
clause of outstanding federal bonds and allega-
tions of an actual or planned Democratic raid
on the civil service to make jobs for the faith-
ful.
Mr. Snell was in a difficult position. He had
to make his choice of 1934 campaign issues be-
fore the major recovery enactments of the spe-
cial session really had got going.
McNary Different
Senator McNary, Republican leader in the Sen-
ate, who shares with Snell the duty of helping
plan for the coming campaign, had not dis-
closed his ideas about 1934 issues when Snell
put out.
His attitude as party leader in the Senate
showed marked contrast to that of Snell in the
House throughout the session. He deemed it good
party strategy to co-operate with the majority
rather closely in the making of the emergency
recovery program.
May Be Ambitious
Underneath the surface is the possibility that
both McNary and Snell hope for personal ad-
vancement in, the way of presidential or vice-
presidential nominations.
The opportunity is there for both. Yet they rep-
resent as widely different schools of political
thought and of political environment as is pos-
sible within the regular wing of their party.
Snell, upstate New Yorker, business man, suc-
cessful banker, typifies ultra-eastern conserva-
tism. McNary of Oregon, lawyer by trade, but
farm legislation specialist by choice since he en-
tered the Senate, has a westernized, close-to-the-
soil point of view.

into a probe of all doings of great private banking
houses. With Glass as chairman of the banking
committee-for congressional committee chairmen
exercise vast powers-the course of the stock mar-
ket inquiry might have been far different.
Whatever was done about airing income tax
law loopholes for men of great wealth would have
been done by the committees having actual legis-
lative jurisdiction of the subject, the finance com-
mittee in the Senate, the ways and means com-
mittee in the House.
Or even had Glass not retained, on insistence
of his Senate colleagues of both parties, control
over the shaping of the new bank' bill, and had
Fletcher as banking chairman inherited the job of
putting through that act the stock market inquiry
probably would have turned out to be a sub-com-
mittee activity.
All the house of Morgan, Kuhn, Loeb and Com-
pany, etc., appearances might not have been
asked.
Editoria
M p
THE SOCIALIST VIEWPOINT
The national executive committee of the Social-
ist party, ending a three day session in Reading,
Pa., July 4, declared -that the National Industrial
Recovery act "constitutes an admission that cap-
italism can make no recovery without govern-
mental supervision."
Broadly in favor of the aims and methods of
the Roosevelt administration, the Socialist party
feels that the control of industry contemplated by
the government does not go far enough. Its ad-
vantages can be permanent, they 'contend, only
if labor will reinforce its advantages by organizing
strong industrial unions and winning political
power.
Failure of labor to so organize, it was said, will
make of "the new industrial set-up the framework
of a Fascist state."
"The industrial control arrangement of the
Roosevelt administration is a far cry from the
control of industry that would be established
by a Socialist workers' government," a statement
by the committee said. "It is not only inadequate
but politically dangerous. But it does offer workers
a chance to build now a fighting mass organiza-
tion and to prepare for the race between Fascism
and Socialism that has clearly begun."
This constitutes the first clear statement by the
Socialist party as to its attitude toward the new
program of industrial control instituted by the
Roosevelt administration. It is valuable as a meas-
uring stick of the trend of tomorrow's thinking.
The Socialist committee, likening the American
program to Fascism-as it has been compared
with Socialism by more conservative elements-
seems to be based on the assumption that the
situation in this country and abroad are similar,
whereas they are in reality widely different.
The rise of Fascism in Germany and Italy has
been marked by a subordination of the individual
to the interests of the state and to the retention
of the worst principles of capitalistic extortion. It
has meant the complete si. bjection of the prin-
ciples of democracy to the( will of a single self-
confident dictator.-
The tendency in the United States, on the other
hand, evidences a movement toward increased
recognition of. the democratic principles, if not
the adoption of a mild degree of Socialism itself.
Here the state has not been elevated to a position
of prime importance as in Fascist nations and the
individual has retained his place as the object
of first concern.
Contrary to the Fascist doctrine of a glorified
capitalism, the American movement seems to be
toward a growing recognition of the socialistic
theory of government control of industry. The
worker, at least, is given a larger place in the
new American scheme of things than he enjoys
either in Germany or Italy. It remains for him
to take his advantage. -The Daily Iowan.
FUTURE PROBLEMS
IN POPULAR EDUCATION
A recent decision of the Bulgarian government
arouses a number of problems which are far-
reaching in their social implications, not oly for-
this country, but for the entire civilized world.
The question concerns the limiting of students
in high schools and universities - a question that
many other nations may soon have to face.
Bulgarian officials were troubled by the rise of
an educated proletariat and farming class-young

men who left their fathers' farms to go to school,
and then disdained to come back to their jobs of
tilling the soil.
Such a problem can be met in two ways. Stu-
dents may be educated and trained without limit,
to be weeded out by the natural laws of supply
and demand, and survival of the fittest in the
learned occupations.
The ,second manner of meeting this problem is
that which the Bulgarian government has con-
sidered best -restriction on the number of stu-
dents, and certain agrarian laws in regard to the
use of farm land by the owners.
From now on each high school in Bulgaria will
be operated on the quota basis, with tests to
determine the entrance qualifications of the appli-
cants.
To make certain that a proper number will
return to their lands after their school days are
over, it has been decreed that all land must be
tilled by the owner, and if the owner does not
make use of his property, it will revert to the
government, to be given to other farmers.
Though this would seem to be a definite solu-
tion to the difficulty, it is by no means sound in
all respects.
First of all comes the question of whether the
trouble lies in over-education, or whether the
fault lies in the system of education. Perhaps
what is needed is education which shall stress liv-
ing, rather than occupation.
The second by-problem is the difficulty, almost
impossibility of devising an infallible test to deter-
mine the fitness of a student for higher education.
Though great strides have been taken in this
direction, no educator claims infallibility for his
Lests.
A third problem is one of human psvcholoav.

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Pubication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the
University. Copy received at the office of the Summer Session until 3:30;
11:30 a. m. Saturday.

Examination for University Credit: i
All students who desire credit fori
work done in the Summer Session1
will be required to take examinations
at the close of the Session. The ex-
amination schedule for schools and
colleges on the eight-week basis is as
follows:.
Hour of Recitation1
8 9 10 11
Time of Examinationc
Thursday Friday Thursday Fridaya
8-10 8-10 2-4 2-4
Hour of Recitation
1 2 3 All other
hours1
Time of Examination
Thursday Thursday Friday Friday
4-6 10-12 10-12 4-6
Enrollment in tiniversity Element-
ary School: Membership lists in the
nursery, kindergarten, and grades of
the University Elementary School
are now being made up for the year
1933-34. Parents interested in mak-
ing application for the entrance of
their children should inquire for i-
formation at the Offiee of the Direc-
tor, Room 2509 University Element-
ary School, or should telephone the
University, station 326.
The General Library will be closed
September 4-7 inclusive to permit
the making of necessary repairs. Per-
sons desiring the use of library books
Salacc Sacked
As Regime Of
Machado Ends
(Continued from Page 1)
chief executive's post must not be
a military man.
Prominent in Washington
Cespedes, successor to President
Machado, is well known to Wash-
ington officialdom as wartime min-
ister from Cuba.
It was De Cespedes who planned
and built the beautiful Cuban em-
bassy on Sixteenth St. during his
service here from 1914 to 1922. Also,
as secretary of state in 1923 he
rea t e d the ambassadorship in
-Washington and made the legation
an embassy.
Through his wartime service here,
De Cespedes became personally ac-
quainted with President Roosevelt,
then assistant secretary of the Navy,
and with Ambassador Sumner Welles,-
at that time chief of the division of
Latin American affairs of the State
Department.
De Cespedes is-also widely ac-
quainted in Latin American diplo-
matic circles.
Machado presented his request for
a leave of absence to the Cuban Con-
gress this morning and left immedi-
ately for his country estate under
a heavy guard.
Whole Cabinet Goes
Until the Army announced that a
military man was not wanted for
the presidency, Col. Horacio Ferrer,
famous Army surgeon and leader
of the Army revolt against Machado,
was regarded as the likely successor
to the dictator. The Army previously
had refused to allow Secretary of
State Orestes Ferrara, Machado's
choice and cabinet aide, to take the
helm.
Col. Ferrer, however, refused to
accept the provisional presidency.
"Delegations of students and from
the ABb Society are continually call-
ing on me, and the soldiers have in-
sisted, but I have refused because I
feared that the people might inter-
pret our movement as a setup for a
pre-selected leader," he said.
"I have been retired from the
Army since 1928 and have been busy
with my profession. I never have

been affiliated with any political
party and never have so much as
voted. Nor do I intend to until- Cu-
ba's electoral processes are less
shameful.
"I left private life and joined our
movement solely to avoid the shame
of American intervention, and I hope
pow to return to my profession."
Machado's downfall was brought
about by the revolution of the Army
at noon yesterday. Fearing United
States intervention, Army leaders
decided that Machado, against whom
every industry on the island had
struck, had better resign, according
ro the terms of the plan offered
Cubans by Ambassador Welles.
Revolt Spreads Rapidly
The revolt spread rapidly, despite
pleas from Machado, and by late
afternoon every fort in the city was
seized, without firing a single shot.
Today even the police, Machado's
last support, reported for duty at
Army headquarters, where an ulti-
matum that Machado resign by noon
had been issued .
The ultimatum was issued at 1:30
yesterday. At the same hour today,
cannon on the Havana forts were
booming out a salute to the new
President and the city was celebrat-

during this period should consult
in advance with the Chief of Circu-
lation or the Librarian's office.
S. W. McAllister,
Associate Librarian
Exhibition of Recent Housing: A
collection of views and charts illus-
trating European Housing projects is
now hung in the ground floor corri-
dor of the Architecture Building. The
exhibition will continue through
Tuesday, August 15.
To All Students Having Library
Books:
1. Students having in their pos-
session books drawn from the Uni-
versity Library are notified that such
books are due Monday, August 14,
before the impending examinations.
2. Students who have special need
for certain books between August 14
and 18 may retain such books for
that period by applying for permis-
sion at the office'bf the Superintend-
ent of Circulation on or before Au-
gust 14.
3. The names of all students who
have not - cleared their records at
the Library by Tuesday, August 15,
will be sent to the Recorder's Office.
where their credits will be held up
until such time as said records are
cleared, in compliance with the regu-
lati ns of the Regents.
S. W. McAllister,
Associate Librarian
University Bureau of Appointments
and Occupational Information: The
Bureau has received notice of the
following Civil Service Examinations:
Assistant Director of Social Work
(Warden's Asst.) in Penal Institu-
tions: $2,600 to $3,100; Junior Direc
r for of Social Work (Junior Warden's
Asst.) in Penal Institutions, $2,000 to
$2,500. For further information.
kindly call at the office, 201 Mason
Hall.
Michigan Repertory Players: Hip-
polytus will be presented on 2 nights,
Tuesday and Wednesday, August 15
and 16. Tickets are now available.
Baptist Students: 10:00 a. m. to-
day at Guild 'House. Miss Lyda
McHenry will lead a discussion on
"Religion as it affects the success or
failure of individuals." 10:45, Church
worship. Mr. Norman B. Johnson
will speak on "The Quest of Assur-
ance." 6:00 Students hour at Guild
House.
First Methodist Church: Dr. Fisher
will preach on "The Wonder of Reli-
gious Experience." This is the last
sermon in the series on "Studies in
Successful Living."
Wesley Hall: Prof. George E. Car-
rothers will speak at the Student
Guild at 6 p. m. Class for students
at 9:30 a.m.
International Law Lecture: George
A. Finch, managing editor of the
"American Journal of International
Law," will give a lecture on "Man-
churia" at 8 p. in., Monday, in Na-
tural Science Auditorium. Motion
pictures will be shown. The public
is invited.

Governmeit Tb
Start Hirhway
Program Soon
Construction Will Begin In
A Few Days; Thousands
To Get Jobs
WASHINGTON, Aug. 12.-UP)-Ac-
tual road work in the $400,000,000
highway construction program, cal-
culated to give a healthy life to con-
sumers purchasing power, is slated
to begin in some states within a few
lays. By September, road building
is expected to be under way in virt-
ually all of the states.
Government experts have estimat-
ad that the building of approximately
25,000 miles of highway under this
emergency program will require some
25,000,000 man weeks of work, in-
cluding construction itself and the
labor provided for associated indus-
tries.
Varied Factors Involved
Of course, the number of men who
will be put back on the payrolls can-
not be exactly determined, highway
officials point out. The maximum
aumber of road builders at work at
my given time and the duration of
their employment depends on vari-
able factors such as the kind of high-
way project and the influence of the
weather on construction.
Highway construction records dur-
ing the past three years show that
30,000 man-hours o work, direct and
indirect, are required for the con-
struction of one mile of average high-
way: On the basis of a 30-hour week
that would be 1,000 man-weels of
work for each mile. For the con-
struction of 25,000 miles, ,the total
nan-weeks of work would tbe25,000,-
000. That would be the equivalent of
about 835,000 men working 30 weeks.
Since the primary economic goal
of President Roosevelt and his in-
dustrial recovery administrators is
an increase in mass purchasing pow-
er, public works officials stress as the
most promising phase of the project
the fact that from 80 to 90 per cent
of road building dollar goes to labor.
Large Indirect Wages
They assert that indirect but as-
sured wages totaling more than $00,-
000,000, over and above payrolls to
road builders on the construction
jobs, will accrue from the emergency
highway program. Production and
transportation of materials a n d
equipment comprise the backbone of
the indirect work.
In addition to the $400,000,000
Federal appropriation, the states
themselves have an estimated total
of $100,000,000 available for highway
construction while county and local
road funds are said to amount to
about $65,000,000.
The industrial recovery act stip-
ulates that not more than 50 per
cent of the emergency highway funds
apportioned to any state shall be ap-
plied to projects on the Federal Aid
system outside of the corporate limits
of municipalities.
This assurance of a larger than
usual allotment to the cities is count-
ed on to be of value in relieving un-
employment in cities where the job-
less problem is most acute.

[~HQAll0 ES~rudAthe _I~

Every now and then however we are brought
e to face with the fact-that the days of knight-
>d, chivalry and heroism will never be dead. It
probably true, in fact, that the more compli--
ed our civilization becomes, the greater are the
portunities for the real display of heroism.
Vny times the hero is unsung. A large majority
the noble deeds accomplished go unrecorded.
netimes they are brought to our attention. It
pens tha, a recent case of note did receive
blicity, for which it is nonetheless noteworthy.
Sine heroes, whose names were not mentioned
most of the press reports, are credited with
ring saved a little Wisconsin town when a forest
threatened to destroy it. Against the orders
their superiors, they remained on duty while
flames swept about the village. Surrendering
y a few structures, the fire-fighters managed,
keeping the buildings soaked with water, to
e practically all of the little town, while the
swept around them and passed on its way.
'heir superiors were not to blame for having
ered them away. Their lives were endangered
their heroic efforts. Yet these nine men did
nage to save the village and themselves.
heir successful fight against a fire which de-

Carter Glass
Remote and seemingly unrelated circumstances
have proved before now to have a profound bear-
ing on political history.
Had the late Theodore Burton of Ohio not
dropped out of the Senate, declining to run for
popular election in 1912, Warren Harding perhaps
never would have been President.
Or had it not happened that Herbert Hoover
in 1914 was in London, preparing to conclude his
active business career and retire, which made him
available to administer American war relief in
Belgium, the whole Hoover decade in American
politics might have been quite different.
Suppose that when the Democrats captured the
Senate in 1932 Senator Carter Glass of Virginia
had sought chairmanship of the banking commit-
tee instead of taking over Senate leadership on
appropriations.
Despite the fact that Fletcher of Florida ranked
him on the banking committee, it is hardly con-
ceivable that Glass, Democratic master-mind of
banking legislation, could not have become bank-
ing chairman if he so desired. But for personal or
nm-ty resnse Virginian tnnk van-,nrari

-- - - ---
"THE CACKLING OF GEESE
SAVED ROME"
THE HUMBLE GOOSE rose to
heights of immortal fame by the
concerted cackles of the startled
flock that warned the Roman popu-
lace of invasion!
TODAY THE TELEPHONE, tele-
graph and radio are signal stations
for the swift transmission of warn-
ings and reports in times of both
danger and peace. News of every
event of moment is dispatched from
every part of the civilized world
through theoffices of The Associat-
ed Press. Its ever vigilant army of
80,000 reporters gather the news
that come to you in the
L71 ~rrit r jrw1i