THE MICHIGAN DAILY Big Mayoralty Fight Looming For New York By-MARK BARRON NEW YORK, Aug 10.-G)-With November approaching and a new mayor of New York to be elected, Judge Samuel Seabury, dignified but persistent, continues hisbattle with Tammany. As a result, political observers are agreed that Chief John F. Curry and his Tiger machine are confront- ed with the most threatening fusion opposition since the '80's, when the Rev. Dr. Parkhurst set out to reform local governmental offices. Fiorello H. La Guardia, former congressman, noted for his aggres- siVeness, is the mayoralty candidate of the Republicans and their fusion- ist cohorts. He was chosen at the insistence of Seabury, who has be- come virtual dictator of the several factions warring on Tammany. Declines Opportunity to Run Seabury refused the nomination himself because he feared the pub- lic might think he was trying to capitalize his role as prosecutor when the Hofstadter legislative investiga- tion resulted in the removal or res- ignation of a number of city officials. La Guardia, who calls himself an independent Republican but really belongs to no party, begins this cam- paign with much stronger support than when he lost to Jimmie Walker in 1929. It is expected that practi- cally all tlie 400,000 Republican votes will be in line for him. In addition there will be the votes controlled by the several fusionist organizations co-operating with the 0. 0. P. forces. An indication of this strength is the fact that about 200,000 anti-Tammany voters wrote in the name of Joseph V. McKee, acting 'mayor, when Mayor John P. O'Brien was elected last fail to fill out Walker's unexpired term. The fusionists base their campaign on budget reform and that ancient slogan of "Turn the rascals out." Not Worrying Openly Tammany goes along -quietly with its plans to re-elect Mayor O'Brien, although there are persistent rumor that if the La Guardia forces gather too much strength, the Tiger may select another man as its candidate. Curry and his fellow leaders ex- press little anxiety over their future. With a record of usually polling more than 60 per cent of the total votes, and with the influence of 145,000 Tammany office holders, the' Tiger is entrenched behind what many be- lieve to be an impregnable defense. Nevertheless, the machine is aware that it faces an unusual amount of criticism and dissatisfaction, partly because of the unstable condition of nunicipalnfinances and O'Brien's plans for new taxation. Women's Sports Dept. Will Hold Picnic, Swim Invitations in verse have been pre- pared by the women's physical edu- cation department for a picnic and swim for women students to be held this evening. Those taking part will leave Bar- bour Gymnasium at 5:30 p. m. and will be required to furnish their own suits, officials said. Transportation will be. provided and a nominal fee charged to cover the cost of food. Any students interested have been asked to register in Room 15, Bar- bbur Gymnasium, before noon today. NON TEMO IL DOLOR CHICAGO, Aug. 10.-(;)-Il Duce never flinches-not even in a dentist's chair. "Questo si fara soffrire un poco," says his dentist, like most of his pro- fession when about to embark on some delicate explorations of the oral cavity. And Mussolini's answer o this soothing remark, which translated means "this is going to hurt a little," invariably is: "Non temo il dolore (I do not fear. pain.)" Move To Combat Milk Strike -Associated Press Photo Ways and means to cope with the "fight to the finish attitude of milk strikers occupied the attention of Gov. Herbert H. Lehman (left) as disorders continued over the New York milk sectors. He conferred with Maj.-Gen. William Haskell (upper right) to determine what forces would be available if it became necessary to call out the state militia. Dr. Thomas Parran, Jr., (lower right), member of the state .milk control board, notified health officers that the milk shed would be widened, if necessary, to prevent a milk famine. Two 01 Brain Trust Heads Tell Their National Recovery Plans South America, Antarctic Have Different Soils The Antarctic Continent, the great ice-capped land of the South Pole, probably is more closely related to Australia and Africa than to South America, despite the fact that the tail of that continent is only some 700 miles from Antarctic soil, labora- tory study here of the rock speci- mens brought back by the Byrd Ex- pedition now indicates. Whether the Antarctic Continent developed independently of other large land masses, or whether it is related in some degree to South America, Australia or Africa, has long puzzled geologists, since the thick ice which covers most of the land makes study difficult. The min- eral specimens brought back by Laurence Gould, geologist and sec- ond in command of the Byrd party, have been studied microscopically and chemically by Dr. Duncan Stew- art of the University and compared with rock analyses from other re- gions. The Gould rocks, collected largely from the Rockefeller Mountains in King Edward VII Land, are high in alkalies, sod m a n d potassium, Stewart found, and differ markedly from the rocks of the Andes in South America, which are high in calcium, magnesium and iron. This evidence supports the theory that the land connected with South America runs under (water out into the Atlantic, curving like a great hook, with the South Orkneys and Shetlands and other islands showing above the surface, becaus these is- land rocks are microscopically like those of the Andes. Although so close by, the Antarctic rocks, by their different composition, indicate an in- dependent origin, other evidence of ancient moltan rock outbursts point- ing to a closer relation to Australia and South Africa. ministration put on a two-weeks' cotton sign-up in 16 southern states. Nine out of 10 of all the cotton farm- ers in the country have participated in the program to make the neces- sary acreage cut. That is the kind of action farmers can get if they put their minds to it. Farmers can march together, all right, if you show them it is worth their while. Attacking Wheat Speculation Now we are tackling the problem of wheat. We 'are going to cut down on wheat sowings for next year. We are going to examine into this thing of wild, unregulated speculation in wheat. We will not get emotional about it, the way people generally do when they discuss this subject. We will try to get the thing settled not by instinct but according to reason and facts. One fact is that the present grain trade has no divine right to handle the farmer's products. Abuses exist. Some of the smarter men in the trade are trying to correct them. If their views do not prevail in the trade the government may take hold and find a way. A Fair Price For Bread We cannot allow either speculation or profiteering to take. the bread out of people's mouths. .What we are after is a fair-exchange price, fair to both the consumer and agriculturo with the smallest possible tolls on the farmer ruined agriculture, rid dIed farm buying power and forced us all to the bottom of the depression. Tomorrow - The Civilian Conser- vation Corps. Has Comedy Part U.S. Must Select A Substit For Prohihition, Says (EDITOR'S NOTE: In these articles, the fourth of n daily series of reports on aspects of the administration's re covery program, the secretary of agri- culture and the administrator of the Agricultural Adjustment act tell of their plans to reduce overproduction, curb speculation and insure fair prices.) By HENRY A. WALLACE Secretary of Agriculture (Copyright, 1933, By The Associated Press) President Roosevelt signed the ag- iicultural adjustment act on May 12. Two months later, on July 12, the department of agriculture closed a cotton acreage adjustment campaign. As a result of that campaign, which lasted two weeks, nearly nine-tenths of our 2,000,000 American cotton growers participated in this program of the government, agreeing to de- crease their cotton acreage to the basis of prevailing demand. In all, the growers contracted to remove about 10,500.000 acres from cotton growing. It is estimated that this will bite into our ruinous cotton surplus to the extent of about 3,500,- 000 bales. The campaign was a suc- cess. No one likes to derease production but the need here was plain. The 1928 cotton crop brought $1,500,000,- 000 to American growers. In 1932 a crop of about the same size brought the growers only $500,000,000 gross. In the south- business crept to a halt. This helped to paralyze trade throughout the nation. Balancing Harvests We had to do the cotton adjust- ment job in a hurry, catch-as-catch- can. We hope in the longer time allowed for wheat acreage adjust- ments to draw upon our first hasty experience and to conduct a more thoughtful and educational cam- paign. It is impossible to overestimate the values that can come, if we once get farmers thinking in terms of har- vests balanced to the new world situ- ation. Starting with the major crops, we are trying to bring order and reason to bear upon the insane jig-saw puzzle of random over-production. There are 6,500,000 farms in the picture. Until lately no two parts have fitted into any large design. The Agricultural Adjustment act gives the individual farmer a chance to fit his I sowings into a sound production schedule for the country as a whole. Ironing Out Competition These schedules will be based on domestic need, plus the surviving world demand -not as we wish it were but as it is. Adjustments will be made democratically and co-oper- atively, from the ground up. In the same spirit the Agricultural Adjustment act permits and encour- ages an ironing-out of costly, and needless competition among the processors and middlemen of . food products. We are out to cut down the wastes and costs of blind compe- tition on farms, and all along the road to market. A like reordering of general industry is made possible by the National Recovery act. This is an enormous task that we have undertaken. Win or lose, the answer will be written in the history books. We can succeed if you will help. As far as we have gone, we have every indication that the Amer- ican people are sick of uncertainty and disorder, and are eager to join in this historic effort to set things right. By GEORGE N. PEEK Administrator Agricultural Adjustment Act (Copyright, 1933, By The Associated Press) A month ago the South was like a man hoeirng cotton with a bale of cotton on his back. We had a full crop stored and a big new overplant- ing of cotton coming along. We either had to get about a quarter of that land out of cotton or take an- other awful price smash this fall. The government decided to help the South throw off its paralyzing load, of sur- plus cotton and stand up and trade again. The Agricultural Adjustment ad- ri Uldean Hunt, well known to campus theatre-goers for perfor- mances in "Hay Fever" and "Un- cle Tom's Cabin," has a prominent comedy role this week in C. L." Anthony's "Autumn Crocus." Courtis Speech Ends Series Of SchoolParleys (Continued from Page 1) fessor Courtis, and only methods of living which are safe are those which contribute to growth. The real problem was called the deciding of whether imposition of self-control from without of self- control from within is the more effi- cient. Progressives favor the latter, he pointed out. Another factor that needs consid- eration is maturity, Professor Courtis said. Those who are immature may need control and alwiays need guid- ance, so the question he felt to be of most importance was, "When is it right for one person to impose his will on another?" The answer is, in times of emer- gency and for the individual's growth in self-determination and control, never for the benefit of the one ex- ercising control, he explained. Discipline, from the educational point of view, is control of behaviour, Professor Courtis said, and the pos- sible means of control named in- clude force, affection, wisdom, re- wards, and reason. Force is justified only in emergencies produced by in- competence in skill or choice of val- ues, he said. In such cases force must be used. Affection was described as a pow- erful means, especially with the young, but' its danger was said to lie in the possible development of con- tentment with immaturity. Wisdom was called efficient, except that blind acceptance of authority kills initiative and makes for stagna- tion. Rewards were also praised in part but their danger lies in the like- lihood of a development of greed and selfish, narrow values, Professor Courtis said. Consequently, the only form of dis- cipline which he feels is safe is the more difficult and slower way of profiting from experience. A teacher must use means best suited to the maturity of the child and the nature of the situation, he concluded, em- phasizing growth and spiritual val- ues. Discipline is one of the master problems of the day not only in school but also in society, he stated. The Twenty-first Amendment, in the belief of William Morris Hough-t ton, prominent New York newspaperc man and writer, seems assured ofz adoption. While it is conceivable that a hand- ful of states may cling to prohibi- tion, he writes in the Aug. 12 issue1 of the Literary Digest, the great ma- jority will experiment with other so-l lutions to the liquor problem. Once the Federal prohibition law is repealed, according to Mr. Hough- ton, the plans adopted by the 48 states to take its place will, in all probability, be subjected to a process of elimination which will permit only7 the fittest programs to survive. "Intensive studies of these variousl systems have been made by devoted citizens all over the country," he writes, "and in a number of instances by legislative commissions, so that the voting public is fairly familiar with them and ready to adopt from, one or the other its salient features." The liquor interests, according to Mr. Houghton, will be relatively pow- erless to oppose the will of the peo- ple. He cites the progress which has been made in Canada, Sweden, Nor- way, Finland, and England as an ex- ample from which the people of the United States may draw knowledge and encouragement in their present problem. "There will of course," says Mr. Houghton, "be no slavish emulation of foreign examples. A different poli- tical tradition will see to that. For instance, any attempt by admirers on this side of the border to persu- ade their states to copy Quebec or Ontario or another of the Canadian provinces will very likely be met with a stout objection to 'putting the government in the liquor business.' More likely, in the mind of Mr. Houghton, is that the states will per- mit the actual selling to be done by supervised limited dividend corpora- tions, which is included in the Swed- ish system of control, known as the Bratt System. This plan consists of a private organization which posses- ses the monopoly for the sale of spirits, to the exclusion of all other companies. Excess profits beyond a stipulated margin of profit are turn- ed over, to the government. According to Mr. Houghton, there is little likelihood that the people of this country will countenance the "meticulous policing" which is an es- sential part of the Bratt System. Un- der this plan, every citizen who indi- cates the desire to possess a pass book for the purchase of liquor must submit to an examination of his fi- nancial and domestic situation, and the amount of alcoholic beverages which he may buy depends upon the outcome of this investigation. In Mr. Houghton's article he even points out a sincere champion of a1 sort of saloon substitute. "Mrs. Sheppard," he writes, "is one of those philosophers who find it dif- ficult to believe that a social insti- tution like the old saloon could have persisted unless it served some legi- timate demand. "The feature of her program which excited the most interest was its pro- vision for refreshment rooms' in which liquors might be served with- out profit in company with food, and soft drinks." M r s. Sheppard's "refresh9ient rooms" she described as meeting places for recreation and refresh- ment which "will always be needed in every community to satisfy man's (Continued from Page 1) ,<