THE MICHIGAN DAILVY WEDNESDAY

Daily

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Published every morning except Monday during the
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doctrine has been accepted by all the nations of
the world on a recent critical occasion, and within
the last few days has been accepted again by all
the nations of the Western Hemisphere.
Doubts may exist of separate accounts coming
piece-meal from different points in the Far East,
but enough is repeated from various sources show-
ing continuing warfare in Manchuria itself and
a massing of Japanese armies along or below the
Chinese Great Wall-the border between Man-
churia and China proper. An expanded Japanese
plan of annexations of North China to Manchuria,
as well as the full absorption of the latter under a
puppet pro-Japanese government, is being openly
discussed. One wedge of Japanese extending miles
south of the Great Wall appears to threaten the
former Chinese capital itself, Peiping.
Against these aggressions old and new, the mor-
al disapproval of the world is massed as never
before. No other than this restraint is to be ex-
pected. In time, it is certain to prove sufficient.
Horrible to contemplate, war and the booty of war
in the past were held legal under international
law. That repulsive theory now stands specifi-
cially rejected. There never was a doubt upon the
attitude of peoples; the trouble has been with
governments and their fatal and misrepresenta-
tive involvements, not least among which were
their commitals to false doctrine. Fortified by the
promulgation of another, a higher and truer in-
ternational law-reinforced by the new pledges'
specifically binding the governments in the pres-
ent set of circumstances-the united force of
world opinion must wield a pressure which cannot
fail to triumph.
An opponent confronts Senator Watson again
with the fact that he gave prosperity 30 days to
return after enactment of the Smoot Tariff. How
did this ever turn out?
HOOVER'S SPEECH
(Toledo News Bee)

Representatives: Littell-Murray-Rutsky, Inc., 40 East
Thirty-fourth Street, New York City; 80 Boylston Swreet,
Boston, Mass.; 612 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Ill.
EDITORIAL STAFF
Office Hours: 2-12 P.M.
Editorial Director......................Beach Conger, Jr.
City Edtor........................... Carl S. Forsythe
State ditor.........................DavidA. Nicho
,1Nws Editor................................Denton Kune
Telegraph Editor..................Thomas Con ellan
O)ortO Editor ............................0. H. Bukena
Assistant City Editor.....................Norman F. Kraft
BUSINESS STAFF
Ofice Hours: 9-12; 2-5 except Saturdays
Eisiiess Manager.......................Charles T. Kline
Assistant Business Manager........Norrs P. Johnson
Circulation lManager...............Clinton B. Conger
WEDNESDAY, AUG. 17, 1932
Ma ingr an Example of
M tnicipal Officials .. .
Governor Roosevelt, Mayor Walker, Judge Sea-
nury, Albany and New York-what a perfect set.
Ling for the inauguration of a Democratic presi-
dential campaign. Unfortunately for the gover-
nor, however, the trial of the Mayor involves more
than that one position in its outcome, and the
issue is clouded by these additional factors. So
that no matter what his action, the Democratic
nominee will have to face trouble.
Ta'1 many has became a legend all over the
cniatry as a representative or prototype of boss
t ntrolled politics. To the average citizen, be he
ruIral or urban, Tammany is something he thanks
God does not exist in his town under that name,
ad because it does not have that name, he fools
itf into believing it does not exist. Neverthe-
ds, he is anti-Tammany.
In this particular case, not only Walker but all
of Tammany is on trial. And the main question
which puzzles the nation at large acting as jury
s the source of the many hundreds of thousands
of dollars received by public officials drawing a
1'ary approximately one tenth their total income.
The investigation just completed by Judge Sea-
bury and his committee has revealed that money
apparently has been received by public officials
for giving favors, protection, contracts and split-
igng fees. And arguments have been advanced to
show that the cases which have been brought up
re typical of all municipal departments of the
city of New York.
Governor Roosevelt has already removed one
New York officer, Sheriff Farley. And in order
to be consistent in his judgment he should re-
move Mayor Walker too. The Mayor's removal
will not only show that the Empire state is in-
terested in her municipal government but will
give citizens all over the country confidence in
their attacks against graft and corruption in city
politics.
The question still is, however, whether Gov-
ernor Roosevelt will, so far alienate Tammany's
support by removing Mayor Walker as to make
his chances for carrying his home state danger-
ous, or whether he will take no action on the case
and gain Tammany support while losing a great
deal more in the middle west. Whichever course
4e takes is froUght with political difficulties. His
ultimate choice will reveal a great deal more of
his strength of character than has anything to
date.
Editorial Comment
MARSHALED AND ARRAYED, THE
WORLD'S OPINION
(Detroit News)
Secretary Stimson eloquently enunciated the
applications, President Hoover forcibly sustains
him and the civilized world through the League
of Nations with the single exception of Japan
again espouses the doctrine outlawing war as
means of acquiring additions to a nation's terri-
Cory.
In one short week in the United States, a sharp
and solemn comment is made upon that news
rom the. Orient which indicates an expansion of
the Jananese aggressions against China. On last

President Hoover's acceptance speech impressed
us as an exceedingly well-written and, on the
whole, frank statement of his conservative posi-
tion.
For the first time he makes clear his attitude
toward prohibition. He lines up with the moder-
ate drys, by favoring revision rather than repeal.
He is willing to submit to the states the question
of his brand of revision; but he is not willing to
submit the question of outright repeal. He does
not definitely pledge himself or his party to do
anything to achieve or even hasten revision of
the 18th amendment. And, of course, he does
not pledge himself to any modification of the dry
laws pending change of the amendment.
This is a consistent position for a dry who, as
he says, has "always sympathized with the high
purpose of the 18th amendment" and who now
wishes to cling to as much of it as public opinion
will permit. It would block legislation and taxa-
tion of beer and wines for several or perhaps for
many years, and it would postpone indefinitely
a vote on outright repeal.
The Democratic platform puts liquor control
squarely up to the states, and urges the states
to prevent the return of the saloon.
The Republican platform--and President Hoo-
ver's speech of acceptance-also puts liquor con-
trol up to the sttes, subject, however, to the Con-
stitution of the United States retaining provisions
that will protect each state from interference
and invasion by its neighbors, and from the re-
turn of the saloon.
Both parties therefore oppose the saloon.
The objection to the Republican method is that
it won't work. That fact has been demonstrated
for 12 years. If the states can't control the liquor
problem within their own borders, the federal
government can't. Retention in the constitution
of anything that throws part of the responsibil-
ity for enforcement aon the federal government
divides the responsibility ,and divided responsi-
bility contains within it the germ of its own
failure.
The fundamental reason why federal enforce-
ment has failed is that a police regulation has
no place in the constitution of the United States.
In so far as the federal government acts as
between states to prevent "invasion" by neigh-
boring states it is performing a proper federal
function--which was performed before the eight-
eenth amendment and which would be continued
after prohibition repeal. But, in so far as the
federal government itself invades a state and
takes a hand in the state's enforcement affairs,
it is engaging in an endeavor the utter failure
of which is the reason why both great political
parties now admit that there must be a change.
This operation of getting rid of prohibition and
back to a system in which the responsibility for
control rests where it should rest-a system in
which real temperance may once again have a
chance to thrive-must be clear-cut. Inch at a
time amputation only prolongs the agony.
We believe that the people ,through specially
elected state conventions, have a right to vote
on the flat question of repeal, which Hoover would
deny them. Pending that decision of the people
on the amendment, we favor speedy Volstead
modification by Congress. In short, we favor the
Democratic plank.
The President is frank in defending the high
tariff. We believe it has provoked a disastrous
international trade war, and that business de-
stroyed by it cannot be prosperous again until
the tariff is lowered.
Unfortunately, the President-like his oppo-
nent Mr. Roosevelt-is less frank regaring the
debts-armament problem which is retarding busi-
ness recovery. In one sentence he seems to favor
conditional debt cancellation in trade for Euro-
pean markets, but in the next sentence he seems
to oppose any form of cancellation. The Scripps-
Howard and Borah proposal for joint reduction
of debts and armaments, which has received such
wide support in this country, is ignored by the
President.
He appears unaware of the Russian recognition
problem, or that better relations with that coun-
try would help to check a Japanese war and would
open a rich market for our depressed industries;
or that present federal unemployment relief is
inadequate.
Throughout his long discussion of the depres-
sion there is no suggestion that basic changes
are needed in our economic system.
Reading the President's appeal for re-election
we get the impression of a sincere conservative,
sobered by past mistakes and by vast responsi-
bility.
SENIORS AND SOPHOMORES FACE A GRAVE
PROBLEM IN ENFORCING HAZING
PROHIBITION
(Daily Californian)

peculiar to this University, for the practice has
been forgotten in the majority of colleges. Cali-
fornia, as a seat of higher learning, should like-
wise be able to brush aside this high-school cus-
tom that conflicts with orientation.
But with the sophomore class half indignant
over this recent insult, both the Senior Peace
committee and the Vigilantes will have to co-
operate effectively if violations of the hazing edict
are to be prevented. For without 100 per cent
enforcement next Monday, the prohibition of
hazing will prove impossible and the rule will
be another "scrap of paper."
CEYLON
(Ceylon Daily News, Colombo)
Ceylon had a network of schools in days when
she was free. Pansala schools in Singalese Dis-
tricts and "pial" schools in Tamil Districts were
there in every village. The Portuguese closed
down the existing schools and started a few Chris-
tian schools. The Dutch at the start encouraged
education by establishing more schools and gave
scholarships to promising students to complete
their studies in the Leyden University.
Since the British occupation of Ceylon educa-
tion is going on at a snail's pace and much has
yet to be done to make the tomorrow's "hundred
per cent electorate" literate, if not to reach the
standard reached by many free countries.
It took over a hundred years for the British
government to introduce a system of partially
free and compulsory elementary education into
Ceylon. Ordinance No. 5 of 1906 made primary
education compulsory and free in urban areas,
and Ordinance No. 8 of 1907 in rural areas.
Since the year 1900 the pace of progress quick-
ened a bit and the Ordinance No. 1 of 1920 made
the taxpayer meet the entire cost of primary
education and made primary education free and
compulsory.
Primary education is compulsory in law from
1907 in Ceylon.
Yet one sad fact remains. By the end of 1930
over 400,000 children were growing to citizenship
without any education whatever, as against 600,-
000 who were taught.
The schools are either State or aided and man-
aged by religious or educaational bodies and pri-
vate individuals. There are a good number of un-
aided schools. The education of a child costs the
Government far more in a State school than in
an aided school. Denominational and educataion-
al organizations and other managers are render-
ing a great service to the country by running
schools at considerable sacrifice.
REMEMBER WHEN?
(Detroit Times)
Henry Ford yesterday endorsed the policies of
President Hoover as contained in his, acceptance
speech. Mr. Ford's endorsement, a formal state-
ment, included a refreshing allusion toi the Presi-
dent's changed attitude on prohibition.
Mr. Ford is a staunch dry and he insists Presi-
dent Hoover's attitude on prohibition has not
changed at all. He says:
"His (Hoover's) stand on prohibition' shows no
change in fundamental principle. He is still on
he side of decency and sobriety in the family and
the nation and against any encroachment by
liquor..
"Any one hearing or reading his speech must
feel that, with the world trembling under the
menace of imminent collapse, it is mere twidd-
ling with straws to regard prohibition as a major
question."
Detroiters still recall with a chuckle the acad-
emic difference of opinion between Mr. Ford and
Senator James Couzens back in 1924. Senator
Couzens had issued a statement deploring condi-
tions under prohibition and advocating the return
of beer of not more than 5 per cent alcohol.
Eight years ago that was a pretty radical state-
ment from a United States senator. Newspaper-
men asked Mr. Ford to comment on it.
The automobile manufacturer said merely:
Jim knows better that."
It would be preposterous, of course, to think
that when Henry Ford discussed Mr. Hoover and
prohibition yesterday he really meant to say:
"Herbert knows better than that."
A Washington
BYSTANDER
By Kirke Simpson
WASHINGTON, Aug. 16.-(/P)-Now that a
vice-presidential nomination at the age of 64,

maybe sturdy, hard-hitting Bert Snell of Potts-
dam, N. Y., has notions about what destiny might
hold in store for him four years from now.
He will be 66 then, being two years the junior
of Speaker John Nance Garner. And as Republi-
can leader of the house in the present Congress
Snell has absorbed virtually all of the leadership
functions once shared by Longworth, Tilson and
Snell in the days of Republican house majorities.
* * *
SNELL FIRES A SHOT
While waiting for Hoover notification day to
roll around give him a chance in doing his bit
as notifier Snell found time to supply the Re-
publican national committee with considerable
campaign ammunition.
About once a week he broke out with a state-
ment levelled at his Democratic foes. He took
ironic shots at Governor Roosevelt's tree-planting
suggestions and voiced the notion that the August
upswing in the stock market might be due to the
fact that Garner had retired to Texas to fish.
That last was designed to rub-in on Garner
the "pork-barrel" label attached to him by Presi-
dent Hoover's remarks about the Garner bill
during the session just ended.
Garner resentment of the pork-barrel term is
felt by some to have had a lot to do with his
decision to accept the Democratic vice-presiden-
tial nomination. That he will fire back at Snell
in kind is to be expected.
During the session it was no unusual thing to
see Snell and Garner seated side by side on the
floor, talking out some detail of house business
in most amicable fashion. They never allowed
their political rivalries to interfere with personal
good relations any more than did Garner and the
late Nicholas Longworth, who were warm friends
off the political stage.
As Garner prepared for his conference with
Governor Roosevelt at Albany, observers, specu-
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5 T EP E 1 N G

I NTO A

MODERN W ORLD

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Salesman,

THE MODERN PARTNERSHIP

Like every other modern industry, the Bell
System requires the combined effort of scien-
tist and salesman. The commercial man has
again and again shown the public how to use
new products of the telephone laboratory,
and how to make new uses of existing
apparatus.
Transmitting pictures and typewritten mes-

sages over telephone wires are services right
now being actively promoted. Scientific selling
by long distance is among many ideas origi-
nated to increase the telephone's usefulness.
In short telephony is a business, with prob-
lems that stimulate commercially minded men
and a breadth of opportunity in step with the
fast moving world of industry today.

BELL SYSTEM

qe lATED

A NATION-WIDE SYSTEM QF MORE THAN 20,000.000 INTER.GONNEC T ING T ELEPIONE S

An Industry's Program
That Made Front-Page News

Cloth rolling off the looms ;; thousands of yards;;; mil-
lions of yards . :; pouring into an already glutted market.
Women and children working through the long night hours
to produce more goods where less was needed.
From competitive chaos in the textile industry order and
straight thinking have suddenly emerged. Through The
Cotton-Textile Institute, an agency of the industry's own
creation, the end of night work for women and minors has
been decreed.
This single step projects on the horizon the following bene-
fits: (1) Full time for the day worker instead of part time for
him and the night worker; (2) more orderly production;
(3) better working conditions; (4) more profitable opera-
tion; (5) better returns for mill and worker.
No wonder textile markets are stronger! No wonder the
textile industry is raising its head and its good news is
making the front pages!
Underneath all this new progress there will be found, as
usual, a McGraw-Hill publication. Textile World long ago
urged the abolition of night work for women and minors as
one step in a program to restore prosperity to textile mills
and employees. It has labored side by side with the industry
for the achievement of that program.

Business men, industrialists and engi-
neers-600,00 of them-regularly read
the McGraw-Hill Publications. More
than 3,000,000 use McGraw-Hill books
and magazines in their business.
The Business Week Radio Retailing
System Electronics

Aviation

Product Engineering

Factory and Industrial Engineering and
Management Mining journal
Power Engineering and
Industrial Engineering Mining World
foal Age Electric Railway Journal
Textile WrdA B Tr.ansrt,,;tin


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