C, 0 u utmier t C~~i r at Akv l ASSOCIATED PRESS DAY AND NIGHT WIRE SERVICE ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, AUGUST 6, 1925 PRICE FIVE PRIC FIV BALD WIW CRITICIZED - - Premier Baldwin's method of settling the threatened British mine strike is bringing him more blame than praise. The settlement is accounted a moral victory for the miters, the government having agreed to provide until May 1, the difference between what the miners want and the owners will pay. Other unions are expected to seek similar "doles." Ben Tillett (left), Labor member of parliament, and A. J. Cook, secretary of the miners, are seen discussing the victory they were instrumntal in achieving. Work Of Outdoor Drawing And Painting Class To Be Shown An exhibition of the work done by the class in outdoor drawing and painting will be on display in the west gallery of Alumni Memorial Hall all of next week. According to Myron D. Chapin, the' instructor of the class, independence of composition and individuality of technique has been stressed and are evident in all the work. All mediums are used, including pencil, pen and ink, charcoal, pastel and watercolor. An interesting feature of the exhibit' Is the variety of subject matter. Back gardens, front lawns, the boulevards, and the parks are among the works. Among the collection are those of Primitiro Castrillo, who exhibits both in watercolor and .pencil.* His treat- ment is br'oad and his color rich and sombre, resembling Zubiara, the Span- ish painter, to quite a 'degree. Mrs. H. B. MacNamee, also showing water- colors, treats her subjects broadly and with brilliant color. The work of E. Woodward, both in pencil and in watercolor, is decorative and gay in character, light in color value, and charming in composition. Mr. Chapin will exhibit batiks of his own. Other students exhibiting are Helen Arnold, Elizabeth Barker, Lena Bev- erly, Erwin Boeker, Mae Bryner, John Fish, Mary Karpinski, H. L. Lamm, E. Mann, Edith Mosher, Max Mitsch, Harold Naser, and C. Ramirez. Italian Garden Discussed By Aubrey Tealdi "The Italian garden requires the setting characteristic of it," said Prof. Aubrey Tealdi of the landscape design department, in his lecture on "Italian Gardens" yesterday afternoon in Nat- urdI Science auditorium. "When we transplant the Italian garden from its native home, we are at best trans- planting lines. The spirit of it can- not be transplanted." The three principles underlying the Italian garden, according to Prof. Tealdi, are the close harmony of gar- den and house, the close relation of the different parts of the house with the different parts of the garden, and the inclusion of the house, garden and landscape into one unified whole. The Italians consider their, gardens as places in which to live, intimately connected with their lives, and they design them accordingly.p Prof. Tealdi said that stone, water and evergreens are the essential ma- terials of the Italian garden. Flow- ers are not essential, although often used in great profusion, particularly in the roof gardens. The great cy- press is typical of the Italian garden and it is impossible to duplicate It in this country. Statues, fountains, steps and terraces are other integral parts. In many gardens, loggias of beautiful design and architecture add individuality and charm. "One of the important elements of the Italian garden," Prof. Tealdl stated, "is the scent, whethe from annuals or trees, from blossoms or leaves."r Professor Tealdi explained that the most beautiful Italian gardens are de- pendent upon their topography, which Is very distinct. That is why upon very flat ground it is almost impos- sible to get the spirit 'of the garden. The so-called Italian gardens in England 'and America, according to Professor Tealdi, are copies of the most unattractive type of Italian gar- den, a type belonging to a perioi pre- dominated by foreign influence rather than by Italian. EDUICATIONAL GRADUA TES GIVEN CHANCES WRDO Graduates from the School of Edu- cation need not necessarily confine themselves to teaching in this coun- try, for occasional opportunities are being offered for positions in schools in foreign countries. Frequent calsF are received from ,Canton Christian College, China, with requests for Michigan graduates to teach in their institution. Roberts College, Constantinople, a private school in Hawaii, and several schools in Alaska and Porto Rico have also communicated with the University with respect to possible graduates who would consider accepting posi- tions on the teaching staff. YOST TAES VACTION *SPICKS AT WISCONSIN' Director Fielding H. Yost is now spending a few weeks' vacation at his home in Walling, Tenn., before re- turning to Ann Arbor for early foot- ball practice Sept. 15. Last week Mr. Yost addressed the' classes in the coaching school con- ducted by Director George E. Little at the University of Wisconsin. Mr. Little had spent the previous. week lecturing before the Michigan coach-i ing school. Goldsmith To Be In Tennis Finals Joseph Goldsmith, '26, entered the finals of the all-campus tennis tour- nament yesterday when he defeated his opponent in two out of three sets, 8-6, 3-6, 1-6. Goldsmith had played the first set several days ago and was' not in the best of form. His handy win yesterday places him in th'e favored position to cop the title match which is to be played this week. TALS ON HEARINGt IN THIRD LECTURE, TELEPHONE R E P R ESENTATIVE DES'RIBES MECHANISM OF EAR DRUM DISCUSSES TONES Outlines Four Principle Theories Accounting For Sound Reception In the third of his lectures here this week, the mechanism of hearing was discussed by Dr. Harvey Fletcher of the Bell Telephone laboratories. Starting with the outer ear which acts only as a1 sound collector, Dr. Fletcher described how the ear drum converts the air waves into mechani- cal vibrations to the cochlea, a little channel like a snail's shell, in which the vibrations are converted into nerve stimulations. The ear drum and the little bones act :as sort of a trans- former to convert the vibratory energy of the light medium, air, into a form suitable for the heavier fluild which fills the cochlea. Due to the ,mechani- cal arrangements of the parts the force exerted at the entrance to the cochlea is"about twenty times that exerted on the ear drum. Pure tones, that is, tones contain ing waves of a single frequency, are the simplest form of sound. They dif- fer from each other by their pitch and their loudness., So finely can the ear discriminate that it can recognize 300,000 tones, each different from its neighbors by slight changes in the ear of these two qualities. When two notes of different .pitches are sounded together; they are sensed as separate notes. In this respect hearing is radically different from seeing. When red and green lights are mixed the eye no longer sees the colors sepa-~ rately, butan entirelyhdifferent color -yellow. Dr. Fletcher then outlined briefly in popular terms the four principle theories which attempt to account for the working of tl hkuman jar. He went into considerable detail on a modification of two; of these theories which have been evolved by himself and his associatestas a result of their experiments in the Bell 'Telephrone laboratories. The gist of these theor- ies is that sounds are transmitted down the fluid-filled cochlea through varying distances, depending on the number of vibrations ,per second. Where this number is small, the vi- brations can go all the way down the canal and set' its membrane in vibration at the distant end. As the rate of vibration rises the waves are damped out at less distances until at the upper limit of the hearing they affect the membraneat the entering end of the canal. Between these two limits there is a position along the membrane at wlich each pitch is sensed. Evidence to confirm this theory has been secured from experi- ments upon animals and also from mathematical research based on care- ful measurements of the human hear- ing, in the Bell laboratories. A fact of great importance to the manufacturers of radio loud speak- ers was brought out by Dr. Fletcher., The chain of bones in the middle ear had a characteristic much 'like that of a detector in a radio circuit. WUhen two tones struck the ear drum, the cochlea received not only the tones themselves but salk of their harmonics and overtones, ,ahd also two new tones consisting of the sum and difference of the two original tones. If, then, a group of tones reaches the ear differ- ing'from each other by a constant amount the cochlea will receive, among other things, a tone which is the difference between each two tones. This is the condition which exists when a radio loud speaker-or indeed. any part of the radio transmission system-suppresses the lower notes of the scale. Every musical instrument delivers along with each fundamental note, a series of harmonics whose constant difference is the vibration rate of the fundamental. Thus, when the fundamental is suppressed, due to a poor loud speaker, the harmonics reaching the ear are reconstructed NEW LEAD TEMPERING PROCESS DISCOVERED1 Chicago, Aug. 5.-Discovery of a process to harden and temper lead by R. S. Dean and W. E. Hutchins, Chi- cago metallurgical engineers, was an- nounced today by the Western Elec- tric company, in whose plant at Haw- thorne, the experiments were conduct- ed. The new discovery, something that science has been trying to do since the ancient days of Egypt, comes after years of patient research and experiment by Western Electric engi- neers." It involves the use of a small percentage of alloy and treatment of1 the mineral by a heating process. Tapping Goes OnI Ten Day Vacation Hawley Tapping, field secretary of the Alumni Association, left for a ten days vacation yesterday. Mr. Tapping plans to attend a meeting of the Uni- versity of Michigan Clubs of the eleventh district in Escanaba. He will also attend the Davis Cup match- es at Germantown, Penn., before his return to Ann Arbor. Baseball Scores AMERICAN LEAGUE All games postponed-rain. NATIONAL LEAGUE Chicago 7, Philadelphia 6. St. Louis 14, Boston 2. All others postponed-rain U1 S.,UNERAKS.JO O.F MAR1KING HlIGHWAYS Washington, Aug. 5.-Fifty thousand miles of roads honey combing the United States from the Canadian bor- der to the gulf coast and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, were selected today by the joint board on inter- state highways .as "United States High- ways" to be designated with uniform road markers. The actual grouping of these roads into main arterial highways was begun today by the full committee, and was, turned over to a sub-committee, which after making tentative designations, will submit recommendations to the various states for approval. 'NEW, ATHLETIC OFFICES TD BE READYIN FALL The club house at Ferry Field, which is being remodeled this sum-I mer, is expected to be ready for use by September 8. This building will then include the athletic association offices. The space in the field house previ- ously used by the athletic association will be given over to the intramurall department, which has formerly been situated in Waterman gymnasium. Muskegon, Aug. 5.-Four hundred Michigan druggists were assembled here today for 'the opening of their forty-third annual convention. The sessions will continue until Friday. Dance at Union Friday Night.