Goal Beyond The Missile Race # his~ Atr~ilgatt atly Sixty-Eighth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD rN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR,.MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Uhen Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. To The Editor Unilateral Disarmament... To the Editor: AFTER READING Jim Elsman's editorial on unilateral disarmament I was impressed by his serious thought and intense sincerity. As he says, the only means of peace must be peaceful, not by missile races and bigger defense budgets. And certainly our military aid and alliances have not really gained friends in the underdeveloped countries; rather, they have forced them to turn to Russia for desperately needed economic help. It is not Marxist philosophy but economic aid and all its concommitantsthat are winning these people. But despite my 100 per cent agreement and respect for Mr. Elsman, I feel that he has ignored a vital question, but certainly not the only ESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1957 NIGHT EDITOR: JAMES BOW Continuing the Arms Race The Best of Two Alternatives MEMBERS of the "Arden Farms" study group, a body of top businessmen, scientists and economists in New York, recently completed a rather thorough survey of the United States defense system in both its military and civil aspects. The result was a comprehensive, top- secret report, submitted to the office of Defense Administration. The report reveals in some measure the alarming overall deficiency in our present defense setup and gives an indication of our helplessness to rebound and retaliate in event of attack. Elements of this report which have leaked to the press, coupled with Central Intelligence Agency disclosures of SRussian superiority in almost all phases; of modern warfare should suffice to jar us out of any lingering compla- cency or feeling of American omnipotence. The most significant disclosure of the Arden Farms report is the virtual impotence, in a missile war, of our front-line Strategic Air Command bases, the much-vaunted keystone of our defensive and offensive power. AN ALL-OUT, concentrated Soviet missile attack on the United States would wipe out, at one stroke, most of these SAC bases and a major portion of the heavy industry sup- porting them. I Since such a move would center on our large cities, it would also destroy most of our stock- piled food reserves, which are normally stored in big-city warehouses and grain elevators. This would leave us with an estimated 20-day food supply, hardly enough to launch a war on.,X Strict rationing would be necessary, but even that has not been provided for. The war might well be over before it could be instituted. The revelations of the Central Intelligence Agency in regard to Soviet military might are equally disturbing. Although the American stockpile of nuclear bombs, for e/xample, is larger than Russia's, the Soviets nevertheless have enough to cripple this country. Russia is also known to possess the hydrogen warhead, with an improved trigger mechanism, and is thought to be ahead in the development of an atomic rocket capable of space flight, the Inter- continental Ballistic ,Missile, and, of course, the artificial "moon." IN THE REALM of more conventional military weapons, the United States again compares unfavorably. Regarding air power, the score is about 13,000 modern Russian jet combat planes to less than 9,500 for the United States, which inculdes a ratio of two to one on intercontinental bombers. And faster Soviet production is constantly widening the gap. The Russian Navy now is undisputed second place in size, relegating the fabled British fleet to a poor third. This includes a huge fleet of submarines, far larger than that of the United States.' The ratio of manpower in land armies is an appalling ten to one. Russia is known to have 175 highly mobile, well-trained and equipped Red Army divisions, compared to 17 for the United States. In the light of figures such as these, two vital questions arise: How did we drop so far behind so quickly, and what can and should be done toward achieving some form of national security. THE REASONS behind United States failure to stay ahead in the arms race have been extensively investigated since the advent of Sputnik I. The results of these myriad investi- gations and inquiries are numerous and varied, but the blame for the present state of affairs tends to center on inter-service rivalry and duplication, Administration economy, the in- feriority of American education, and excessive government secrecy and security, with conse- quent persecution and loss of top scientists in government service. The remedy to each of these situations is a study in Itself, Suffice it to say the problems do exist, are being realized, and solutions being sought. Some constructive steps have already been taken in several of the above areas. Approaching the question of what is to be done, we are immediately faced with essentially two almost equally unsavory, alternatives: One is to launch a crash program of scientific education and investigation, catch up with the Soviets and continue the race, thereby perpetuating a vicious circle that seems to lead nowhere. THE OTHER alternative is to take the initia- tive in disarmament, strip ourselves bare of the means of waging war, and trust to the dubious power of world opinion or the mythical conscience of the Soviet leadership to bring communist conformity to our shining example. The first alternative is admittedly forbidding. But the second is, in a phrase, incredible folly., World opinion has repeatedly proven itself largely impotent against the ruthless advance of world Communism, and the leaders of that advance have, in the course of the last 40 years, proven themselves devoid of conscience. Moralistic appeals and the wagging finger of indignant reproof are of little value. A great force can only be met and repelled by a greater force, a great threat by a greater threat. If, then, a continuing arms race is the lesser of two evils, We must look for a way to achieve superiority without straining ourselves to the point of exhaustion and to the defeat of our bown purpose. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles has prepared a means to this end in a radical new proposal he plans to present to the NATO allies at their meeting in Paris this month. HIS PLAN involves an intimate system of military interdependence among the Allies, including a centralization of administrative power, pooling of scientific resources and war machinery, extended exchange of science stu- dents among American and European universi- ties, and the construction of an arsenal of nuclear weapons and guided missiles in Allied countries. Whatever the road taken, the ultimate goal is peace and survival. If preparedness for war is the surest way of achieving that goal, then this is our only course. --EDWARD GERULDSEN Associate Editorial Ilirector (Herblock Is on Vacation) copyright. 1957. The Pulitzer Publishing Co. St. Louis Past-Disuatch WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: Behind Dodger Transfer By DREW PEARSON LOS ANGELES - Baseball fans in Brooklyn, plus taxpayers in other parts of the United States aren't going to like it when they learn the real story of how the Brooklyn Dodgers were inveigled out to Los Angeles. The story involves a city coun- cilman's strongbox and secret checking accounts containing $57.- 570, together with a $4,720,000 gift to Los Angeles by Uncle Sam for the land on which the Dodg- ers will build their ball park. In other words, the taxpayers of Brooklyn, as well as the rest of the USA, are helping to pay for trans- ferring the Dodgers to Los Angeles. But perhaps most shocking of all is the fact that 3,300 ill-housed families in Los Angeles were. kicked out of their homes by con- demnation on the excuse of putting up a new modern, public housing project. Instead, their land is now being turned over to the Dodgers. * * * FURTHERMORE, it is being turned over under a contract by which Walter O'Malley, the Dodg- ers' owner, gets the parking rights, the concession rights, and even half the oil rights. Oil has already been discovered all around this area. In addition, O'Malley will con- trol and operate the parks, play- grounds and junior ball diamonds in the entire area turned over to him. by the city,; thanks. to the $4,720,000 bonanza handed Los Angeles by other federal taxpayers. In San Francisco, Mayor George Christopher r e t a i n e d parking rights and concessions in San Francisco's contract with the New York Giants, but not Mayor Nor- ris Poulson of L.A. The story of this amazing base- ball deal goes back half a dozen years when public housing officials in the sprawled-out city of Los An- geles were trying to clean up the Negro shacks and Mexican tene- ments that contrast with the flower-bedecked syimming pools of motion picture stars. Under the Taft Housing Act, Mayor Fletcher Bowron and the City Council signed a contract with the federal government to build a housing project and make L.A. look more like the City of the Angels. * * * IN UNKEPT, crowded Chavez Ravine land was condemned, families ousted. Suddenly city Councilman Ed Davenport switched his vote. This, together with another wavering council- man, turned a bare majority of the City Council over to the side of the real estate interests which had been trying desperately to stop public housing. Later, City Councilman Daven- port died. In his safe deposit box was found $30,000 in crisp, clean cash. In three checking accounts was found $27,570. The total, $57,- 570, was more than the $7500 an- nual salary he had drawn from the City Council in his eight years in office. Davenport had lived at the swank Park Wilshire apaytment house into which he move shortly after taking office, yet after draw- ing a salary of $57,000, he had $57,- 570 left. Later, his wife made a formal statement all but admitting the money had come from the real estate lobby. The $57,570, she in- formed Internal Revenue, was "gifts of money" to her husband Since you can't give gifts of mon- ey legally to a city official, these were bribes. Los Angeles Internal Revenue agents started a thorough investi- 'gation with a view to finding out who paid the bribes. They were called off by higher-ups in the Eisenhower administration. Meanwhile, friends of the real- tors plus a referendum had re- housing. Bowron, a liberal Repub- lican, was defeated by Congress- man Norris Poulson, a conserva- tive Republican who had voted in Congress with the real estate lob- by. * * * THE CHAVEZ RAVINE housing project was dead. Several thous- and people had been moved out, their shacks and tenements torn down. The real estate lobby had won. However, the city of Los An- geles owed federal taxpayers about six million dollars, and to get Mayor Poulson off the hook for this amount, Vice-President Nixon and Senator William Knowland, both potent on Capitol Hill, dis- creetly helped put a rider in the 1954 housing bill permitting Los Angeles to unload the abortive Chavez Ravine housing project on Uncle Sam for the knockdown price of $1,279,000. This was $4,- 720,000 less than the government had advanced Los Angeles. In other words, all the taxpay- ers paid Los Angeles for the cost of throwing Negroes and Mexicans out of their homes, tearing down their tenements and buying the land which now stands empty. To- tal cost was $4,720,000. The rider was sneaked through the Senate when pro-public hous- ing senators were away attending the funeral of a great pro-housing Republican, Sen. Charles Tobey of New Hampshire. Sen. Saltonstall of Massachusetts helped Know- land and Nixon put it across. Thanks to this bonanza, given to no other city in the United States, Mayor Poulson was able to offer this empty tract of land to the Brooklyn Dodgers at no cost to him. (Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate Inc.) one, as to why we pursue our present foreign policy. That is the question of our economic system and the resutant attitudes. After all, the organization of a society defines many of the motives and acts of the society, as has re- cently been seen in the centralized effort of Russia to launch a rocket as against our overlapping, wide- spread, and relatively decentralized efforts, *4 * * WHEN ONE considers that a city like Detroit must plead for defense contracts to ease unemployment, one may legitimately ask what would happen to the internal econ- omy if suddenly 10 million defense workers were not needed. It is argued that they would work in other areas, but this involves the probem of education (another fun- damental sorespot) for the highly technical and administrative jobs of today. It also involves government spending as a source of outlay, in- come, and employment in medi- cine, housing, roads, schools, dams, which heretofore have been dubbed "socialistic" and are certainly not a source 'of profit for private in- vestment. Externally, we are restricted in our ability to help underdeveloped countries. Few private investors can make much profit in a short time in such places unless the lat- ter become virtual colonies of the U.S. such as Guatamala under United Fruit, or Venezuea. AND TODAY no country can af- ford nor will tolerate the exploita- tion of foreign investors who build sumptuous hotels but cannot help to provide a sound industrial base, an absolute necessity for economic advancement today. Neither can we help these coun- tries if the President of the World Bank refuses industrial loans be- cause "it would be helping socialist economies!"' It. is more, then, than just a matter of trying to persuade our policy makers to see the futility and wastefulness of their execu- tions. The causes which have been only partially hinted at lie in very real mental and material barriers; and it will take men of far greater vision and courage than we now possess to initiate a more constructive and ultimately more realistic foreign policy. -Judy Perloe, Spec. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the Univer- sity of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1957 vOL. LXvIi, NO. 63 General Notices Annual Fall Meeting of the Univer- sity Senate Mon., Dec. 9 at 4:15 p.m. in the Rackham Lecture aall. Professional Qualification Test: Na- tional Security Agency. Students tak- ing the Professional Qualification Test on Dec. 7 are requested to report to Room 130, Business Administration Building at 8:45 a.m. Sat. All Choral Union and Extra Series ushers are hereby reminded that one performance of the Messiah Is included in each series of concerts. The help of each usher is very urgently needed at these concerts as they are especially difficult to handle. Absence from these concers will count against you at May Festival time. Applications for Engineering Research Institute Fellowships to be awarded for the spring semester, 1957-58, are now being accepted in the Office of the Graduate School. The stipend is $1,175 per semester. Application froms are available from the Graduate School. Only applicants who have been em- ployed by the Institute for at least one year on at least a half-time basis are eligible. Applications and supporting aterial are due in the office of the Graduate School not later than 4:00 p.m., Tues., Jan. 7, 1958. The Women of the University Facul- ty will hold a dinner meeting at the Michigan League, Wed., Dec. 4 at 6:00 p.m. Miss Marguerite V. Hood, professor of music education, will show slides and speak to the group on her recent year in Germany on a Fulbright Re- search Grant. International Center Tea, sponsored by International Student Association and International Center, Thurs., Dec. 5 from 4:30 to 6:00 p.m. at the In- Congratulations . . To the Editor: THE University is fortunate in having a Daily Editorial Direc- tor who is not afraid to advocate unilateral disarmament at a time when Sputnik has precipitated a clamor for increased armaments. In my judgement, the need for taking drastic steps toward univer- sal disarmament is being intensi- fied by the development of super- sonic intercontinental missiles. The proposed U.S. "answer" of dis- tributing atomic weapons to more and more countries seems hardly caculated to enhance the peace of the world. Rather, it is time to give serious consideration to ways of breaking out of the vicious cycle of the in- tensified arms race. Congratulations to James Els- man for starting us thinking with his reasoned case for unilateral disarmament. -Prof. Robert 0. Blood, Jr. Department of Sociology Discussion To the Editor: DAVE TARR, in a recent Daily editorial, laments student apa- thy toward discussion of political issues. Perhaps, university students re- flect the national disdain for the me too-ism of the Tweedledee and Tweedledum political parties of capitalism. Like their parents and neighbors, most students are exposed only to the many times tried and found wanting proposals which are aimed at correcting evils which are gen- erated by soclo-economic condi- tions. Little thought is given to elimi- nating the conditions which pro- duced the evils. Hence students' horizons are confined to the pres- ervation of the status quo. Hence, indoctrinated as our people have been to believe that the status quo must not be tampered with, they apathetically tolerate what is yet tolerable. IT IS DOUBTFUL that the situ- ation on the University campus is likely to change until the general social temper changes. For in- stance, the Socialist Labor Party, which insists that social relation- ships must be' completey changed and that a new form of govern- ment based on socially owned and democratically managed means of production (on the principle of production for use) must be estab- lished, has offered to provide speakers to campus groups. As yet, no invitation has been forthcom- ing. The policy of University officials with regards to speakers isthat acquaintance with a subject or movement must come before the speakers who could provide that acquaintance. University officials are reluctant to supply an answer as to how this cart-before-horse arrangement can be productive of thought and progress. MR. TAR says that "The na- tion's economy and its hazy future could also provide a lively discus- sion;-." How true! That subject is the hub of all current questions. Has Mr. Tarr, or others, not dis- cerned the growing concern among students as to whether they will be able to find jobs when they gradu- ate? Or what about the conflicting and hysterical statements and pro- posals by the country's so-called best mindls as to both the nation's economy and Sputnik? Yes, thorough discussion of the nation's economy would provide more than a lively discussion. It would explain the plight of educa- tion, the growing numbers of juve- nile delinquents, the increasing use of tranquilizers by a fearful people, and. the pyramiding tensions be- tween the United States and Rus- sia. Let us hope that Mr. Tarr suc- ceeds in promoting a really ana- lytical discussion of the subject. -Raph W. Muncy, '23 Counsel "REMEMBER ALWAYS," Presi- dent Pedro Aramburu told his military colleagues last week, "that political decisions are not to be taken in barracks, bases or ships." Still firmly on a timetable for returning Argentina to democratic ways, Aramburu issued a decree fmally stting Feb. 23 as the x A i yA 2'y " A Home Is More Than THE RESPONSIBILITY of Ann Arbor's land- lords goes beyond providing well-furnished, well-heated, well-lighted housing in the case of the University's international students. Special needs on the part of the foreign students are obvious. First, the foreign students tend to have less money to spend on housing. Second, they tend to show greater need for personal contacts outside classes, coming as they do from cultures different from the pre- dominant one. That these needs are not being met is obvious. Residence halls at present satisfy foreign students on neither count. Fees are too high and integration of foreign students into partici- pative dorm life' is little more than a theory. Changes in the English Language Institute program to room Iranians or Cubans with Americans instead of with each other would help, and would be possible if interest on the part of the American dorm residents were stim- ulated. The financial determent, however, would remain. COOPERATIVES at present come much closer to filling the needs of the international students. Costs are low, and the atmosphere is by nature one of greater contact than that in Editorial Staff JAMES ELSMAN, JR. VERNON NAHRGANG Editorial Director City Editor PETER ECKSTEIN, Editor TAMMY MORRISON ................ Magazine Editor EDWARD GER'ULDSEN .. Associate Editorial Director WILLIAM HANEY .................... Features Editor the residence halls. But cooperatives, because of' their, scarcity, are able to house only a tiny fraction of the foreign students. The responsi- bility, then, comes back to the landlords. There are various types of rental housing in the city, the reception of foreign students in each depending upon both the nature of the operation and the personalities concerned. Some foreign students have comparatively large incomes and are independent minded. Such individuals are the only ones who could bq satisfied with the strings of apartment houses run by realty companies. These are financially, if not by discrimination, beyond the reach of most and at the same time provide for 'no treating of the tenant as an individual. Ann Arbor's other apartments, owned by indi- vidual landlords rather than companies, are often cheaper. Here the second factor predomi- nates. While foreign students can and do live in such apartments, the average apartment owner makes no effort to make them feel at home. THE MOST COMMON off-campus housing, however, is the one-house operation in which the landlord often lives in the same building as his tenants. Here the cost is often within the reach of foreign students whether the building contains rented rooms, apartments or a combination of both. The foreign students here are completely at the mercy of the personality of the renter. If the landlord is sincerely interested in them as people-and most are not-then they are well off. But when, as is often the case, the landlord does not understand the cultural dif- ferences involved, the student from another country is as poorly off as he would be in an apartment or room too expensive. T H E CU LT U R E B IT : a u s i R f uo 4BReadings n American Humor ra# By DAVID NEM MAN IT WAS REVEALED yesterday, quite entertainingly, that Ameri- can humor is not totally limited to Playboy's Party Jokes and Soupy Sales. The man responsible for the revelation was Prof. Eric W. Stock- ton of the English department, who gave a reading of American humorists in Angell Hall's Audi- torium A. The program was the second of two presented each semester by the English department. The first, some weeks back, was an excellent reading by Donald Hall of new English poets: Larkin, Gunn and others. Both programs were decidedly worth hearing and both were pre- sented to a partly empty house. It seems fruitless to launch into a whining diatribe about poor at- tendance at good programs, but let the thought hover. Perhaps this particular situation is due to the fact that one litte poster hard- ly stands out on a bulletin board set list of professors to be asked," he said. As for subject matter, the choice is left up to the reader. American humor, for instance, is not Prof. Stockton's forte. "Actually," he said, "I read better Middle English than Modern English." But American humor is one of his interests and his choice of pieces yesterday was wide and var- ious. The title of the program, "Archy, Mr. Dooley and Other Hidden Persuaders" was elaborated upon at the start of the reading. "Advertisers and other head shrinkers," Prof. Stockton told his audience, "make a career out of trying to fool all of the people all of the time." But our humorists are the men we turn to for the persuasion that life can still have its funny side. "This is not a very funny coun- try today," he explained, "nor even a very funny century, except from the aspect of eternity." K % 9E education, a nutty and punny chapter from Peter DeVries' "Com- fort Me with Apples" and an E. B. White sketch called "The Decline of Sport." Obviously, with these many kinds of humor, some were funnier than others. Matter of personal taste, of course. Prof. Stockton read the pieces with affection and rather fine timing, employing vo- cal dharacterization and dialect when necessary. We personally likednthe Marquis, Thurber and Maloney pieces best, but all were certainly well-received. *4 '4 HUMOR OCCUPIES an impor- tant place in literature, Prof. Stockton told us after the pro- gram. "There's good humor in Faulkner, Hemingway, even Haw- thorne, although some people re- fuse to notice it," he said. "America developed its own hu- mor. The frontier days started the type-exaggeration in vocabulary Sarm cn Vnc fa in- a I'_ .