"What Do I Hitch My Wagon To?" Sixty-Eighth Year EDiTED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN "When Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Truth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1957 NIGHT EDITOR: DAVID TARR A Reasoned Case For Unilateral Disarmament For perhaps the first time in history reflective men have had to grapple with the paci- fists' question: Can iational interests and human values really be served by waging a war with atomic and hydrogen weapons? . FREE WORL10 r .. ARMS Rai 17 F IA r. r ~ {, _ " ' . - .,.,, '" " - .. AT THE STATE Boy Meets Girl- Result-'April Love' AFTER THE FIRST minute or two of "April Love," a coed down a few seats groaned, "This looks like another goopey love story." This comment aptly sums up the entire film. "April Love" Is another one of these formula-type movies. You know the kind - boy meets girl, boy doesn't notice girl, boy finally notices girl, boy marries girl. Every event in this film is entirely pre- dictable - especially for those who have had Psych 31. Pat Boone, portrayed as a young delinquent named Nick, sings his way Into the heart of Shirley Jones, a stable owner's pretty daugh- ter. Boone had been arrested in Chicago for "borrowing" a car for a while and was released into the custody of his aunt and uncle who live A FEW WEEKS AGO in another editorial this writer made reference to what was called "realistic, pacifism." It was suggested that the United States might contemplate such a novel strategy as unilateral disarmament as the first premise of its foreign policy. Most readers hardly paid the suggestion the honor of skepticism, generally pooh-poohing it as the product of an ill-informed, naive visionary. Regardless of their separate reactions, most readers felt a plan such as unilateral disarma- ment needed spelling out, and indeed it did. The following thoughts were supplemented greatly by "Speak Truth to Power," an Ameri- can Friends Service Committee study of in- ternational conflict. Realistic pacifism need not necessarily be grounded in the moral belief that man must not kill, but rather in the practical belief that wr today is an unreasonable instrument of national policy. A policy which allows for war is ill-founded because of war's total destruc- tiveness; it is difficult to see how any less than 100 million people would be killed in a future war between the United States and Russia, plus "the resultant problems of contamination, in- dustrial devastation and genetic mutations. However, both powers have made the threat of war the core of their foreign policies. The assumption is that the arms race will result hr a standoff or a balance of terror, and that the world can go on indefinitely like this with- out war. However, ,at least two considerations have worked in history against this assump- tion: First, offensive weapons are inevitably ahead of defensive ones; and second, a nation could, by striking first, gain a military victory without suffering significant losses (as if the Soviets destroyed our retaliatory SAC bases concurrently with an attack on the United States' homeland). Thus, it is by no means certain that a balance of terror can b evenly maintained or that there could be no victor in W. W. III, and this presents a temptation to an aggressive state. FURTHER, it is this inflexiblereliance on the balance of terror which is getting the dis- armament talks nowhere. Because both the Soviet Union and the United States wish to maintain at least an equal power with one an- other, they both shy from any proposals but their own, supposing that if the opposition agrees to a plan it has calculated the plan would swing the balance of power in its di- rection. Thus, the Soviets advocate immediate cessation of bomb production, a field where they lag, while the United States stresses in- spection as the first step to protect its stock- pile lead. Recognizing that the United States' response to Soviet communism has been largely a mili- tary one, the proven effectiveness of that re- sponse can be questioned. Since the United States began getting tough with the Soviet Union in 1947, it has not been able to halt the spread of communism. Besides those coun- tries that joined the Red bloc after 1947, the conditions of Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America promise further com- munist gains. While the communists have made some hay, the United States has lost some friends abroad, especially by the association of our country with the military, our over- seas troops and bases, our rearming of the Axis of the last war (see J. M. Roberts below), our hydrogen bomb experiments, and our spine- less toleration of the last vestiges of Western colonialism. Further, our military response has confirmed the thoughts of Marxists the world over that the capitalist world is out to smother commu- nism, In addition, our democratic values have been pitifully compromised, however imperceptably. Our anti-communist passion has led us on the home front to spy, anonymously denounce, and to restrict the freedoms of speech and press, while abroad we league with fascists, anti- Soviet communists and reactionaries in the name of "the free world." This is not to avoid mention of our spiritual values, gleaned largely from our Judeo-Christian roots, which are not evident when our leaders talk easily of "massive retaliation" upon Russia and China. Is life so cheap? And who can argue honestly that United States foreign aid, paltry as it is, is given in a spirit of liberalism and love. --New York Times columnist James Reston ."UR ANTI-COMMUNIST preoccupation has led us to be inconsistent -- though not as often as the Soviets - in the United Nations. We have usedi the UN to great extent as an anti-communist, collective security arrange- ment in favor of the West. When the peace has been threatened, we have encouraged UN interference in Hungary but discouraged it in Guatemala in conformity with our "national interest." At this point a hard question must be an- swered concerning what the Russian response would be if the United States disarmed uni- laterally. Though this question is somewhat irrelevant if you accept the contention that risking a US-USSR war by continuing the arms race is completely foolhardy, it raises major apprehensions. The Friends' booklet sheds some light on this question as they denounce the "devil theory of history" - the Soviet Union in this case thought by many to be the only devil in the world. This country fears the expansionism of the Soviets; they also fear and suspect our country with its bases and al- lies surrounding the very frontiers of the USSR. We say they are no respecters of human dig- nity; they say the West (Negroes in the United States and colonial subjects in Afro-Asia) has thought dignity second to exploitation. We say they are secular, scientific and materialistic; they claim - and are supported by the clergy of the West - that our spiritualism is hypo- critical and our ethos basically material, while their concern for the economic and social equality of all men is full of spirit. This is not to overlook the unjustices of the Soviet to- talitarian system, its security police, slave la- bor, thought control, regimentation, deporta- tions, and callous murders. But as we try to understand the reasoning behind Soviet foreign policy, it seems there is wisdom in putting our- selves in the shoes of a Russian. To great ex- tent Soviet policy has been a response - in their thinking - to actions of the West. BUT LET US admit that Soviet leaders are clearly ambitious to penetrate their ide- ology beyond its present borders, either be- cause of ideological conviction or in the in- terest of Soviet nationalism. These leaders can be thwarted, it seems, in at least two ways. One is by the rank and file in Russia exert- ing a greater influence on their government. Though Khrushchev and Co. now enjoy pop- ularity when they speak and act tough to the West, if the "militarily aggressive intentions of capitalist encirclement" vanished, it would be much harder to rationalize Hungarian-like interventions to the Russian people. This may be trusting far too much the influence of public opinion in the USSR, but we must remember that these people have been thoroughly satur- ated with the Russian "peace" propaganda and what, they would wonder can stand in the way of peace if the United States - and its allies- disarms. It would be a master stroke if the United States' announcement of unilateral dis- armament could be made during an Eisen- hower speech to the Russian people, a project which has been proposed lately. Second, the Russian imperialist leaders could be thwarted by a new American foreign policy which follows easily from a disarmament po- sition. Concurrently with our non-violent for- eign policy, our domestic democracy would be tidied up for sale abroad. Lost and restricted freedoms could be restored; to spend part of the nearly $40 billion saved from defense spending we could better provide for education and social welfare within our country. Abroad, we could freely - not being entangled by al- liances and dollar shortages - give both verb- al and material (on the scale of the Marshall Plan) support to the great social revolutions which are going on and will go on throughout the world. This would snuff war and commu- nism at their roots. To a world which is searching - who doesn't want peace? for ideas to dxtricate man from a crisis which has plagued him from history's dawn, here are some ideas for contemplative men to consider. It may be that the power of unadulterated Democracy and Love would speak more power to a frightened world than Hydrogen against the injustices of communlsm. -JAMES ELSMAN, JR. Editorial Director clle -#=i Ea r--- gt- <> "r K %6711 0419$77 ^rW- ws srt ,s sc.a pos-ru.. THE CULTURE BIT: Art Students Guild Exhibits By DAVID NEWMAN on a broken-down horse farm. This environment was considered to be a very healthy atmosphere for the boy. Because Nick was more inter- ested in cars than horses, his uncle didn't think too favorably of him at first. Uncle Jed had also lost his only son in the war and Nick just couldn't replace him. ** * THEN LIZ (Shirley Jones,) a neighbor, rides to the farm and literally falls for Nick - but he, in turn, shows more interest in cars and her sister. 14 After Nick inadvertantly gains the confidence of Uncle Jed's prize trotter, something no one else could do, he's in like Flynn so the saying goes. Nick, Uncle Jed and Liz work side by side trying to shape the horse up for the trot- ter races at the fair. can guess what happened in the ca nguess what happened in the end. As an actor, Boone was entire- ly inadequate. Though he was supposed to act as a tough guy at first, he was always a little too nice and "clean-cut." Even his emotional scenes, such as they were, were done with the casual- ness of a TV singer. LUCKILY for Boone, the pro- ducers slipped in songs anywhere they could conceivably (and even s o m e t i me s inconceivably) fit them. Shirley Jones proved to be more adept in her roleas the sweet, simple country girl. It seemed a little unjust, however, that the horse rated more attention from Boone than did Miss Jones. But let's face it: The plot was so trite and "goopey" that even the most superb of thespians would be buried under it. -Donna Hanson Casualties IFTY-SIX thousand French-I men and Alegrians have been killed in the last three years of the nationalist revolt in Algeria. As the war moved into its fourth year, France listed its casualties as 4,200 killed, 9,200 wounded, 750 missing. The French put rebel casualties at 44,000 killed, 25,000 captured, and placed civilian deaths in the fighting at more than 8,000. --U.S. News and World Report Ambition NIKITA Khrushchev, Communist Party boss ?n Russia, is ex- pected to try to become the boss of world Communism, now that he has the Kremlin udder control. -U.S. News and World Report THE ONLY troublesome factor concerning the Art Students Guild exhibition is finding it. Arm- ed with a cheap compass, a flash- light and a muddled sense of direc- tion, we wandered down East Wil- liams past a grocery store to that mysterious structure known as the Deke Temple. We groped our way through an alley running along- side the temple and found our- selves in a little lot, surrounded by trash cans. Finally, we noticed a piece of paper taped to a brick wall. "Art Student Guild" was lettered on it, artistically. AROUND A CORNER was an- other wall and a back door. "Please Walk In and Go Upstairs," a sec- ond sign directed. We climbed a steep and crumbly staircase, past the Potters Guild storeroom, and suddenly we were in an art gallery. It was all pretty slimy. Once we adjusted to the light, we found ourselves in a high- ceilinged, white-walled room, fes- tooned with paintings. Spanish music wafted from a no-fi phono- graph. This was the studio of the Art Students Guild, now trans- formed into a temporary exhibition hall. The Art Students Guild, whose first and current show is being held until November 30, is an or- ganization of 15 painters, students and ex-students. The group has no connection with the University, although the art faculty seems to be taking a paternal interest in them. We talked to President Dale Smith w h o s e Van Gogh-ian is one of the best pieces in the show. "We started this summer," Smith explained, "but we didn't get really going till the fall. The A.S.G. is a closed group, although we do have a long waiting list. We wanted a place to work and to discuss each other's work." Studio space was-one of the prime factors in the group's for- mation, for seven of themembers use the studio regularly while the rest paint at home. In addition, meetings and discussion groups are held there, with everything from brush technique to rent-collection on the agenda. * * * OCCASIONALLY, the 15 will get together and head for an art exhi- bition, but for the most part, their concern is each other's work. The current show represents practically all the members and covers a wide. range of styles. No single art move- ment predominates, "Those days are gone forever," Smith said, a little wistfully. "This show covers a variety, from post- expressionism to abstract impres- sionism." A glance at the exhibits confirmed this, and we noted sculpture and pottery on display, as well. Although most of the work is up for sale, that is not the purpose of the show. "If this was a regular art sale," Smith elaborated, "we'd plaster the wall with paintings. But in- stead, we've hung it with the design in mind--the relationships of one painting to the next. Per- haps in the future we'll have a big sale, but right now we want to show what we are doing, not what we have to sell." * * * MUCH OF what they are doing is very exciting. We were partic- ularly impressed with George Beauchamp's taut but controlled "Family," Nancy Mack's broiling canvas, done in enamel, "Inside II" and Jim Howe's "Seated Nude." One painting of special interest hereabouts should be Smith's "Union Cafeteria" -- very, very realistic. You may recognize some of the subjects. The members decided on what to show among themselves, but it soon turned out that an exhibition committee was needed if peace was to be kept. The final selections show that a lot of excellent work is being done around town. If'you can manage to find the place, see for yourself. INTERPRETING- Obedience -Or Else By WILLIAM L. RYAN Associated Press News' Analyst THE PERIOD of relaxed Moscow supervision over the outside Communist parties has just about come to an end. Red boss Nikita S. Khrushchev is in no mood for scholarly debate about the rights of satellite Communists. Recent Communist pronounce- ments indicate the Russians feel they have a heavy advantage in the world political battle now, with the recent acknowledgement by the West that Soviet science has surged ahead in the field of super- weapons. Khrushchev seems intent upon pushing that advantage to the utmost before it slips away from him. His program entails some dan- gers. Therefore, the Communist world high command has closed ranks and issued a declaration of unity and aims and purposes, lay- ing down the propaganda course which the world's Reds must fol- low to help shield the next stage of the Russian political expansion drive. THIS DRIVE is going to be aim- ed at the uncommitted nations and the underdeveloped areas of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. To pave the way for effective penetra- tion, the Russians are going to have to keep up a high degree of pressure on the aggravations of these areas, most particularly the Middle East. The Arab situation, all across the vast area from the Persian Gulf to Morocco, is so volatile that violence can explode at any moment with the suddenness of a summer storm. The area is so strategic and its resources so vital to Europe that any explosion there prses a distinct threat of large- scale conflict and even World War III. Therefore Khrushchev and the Moscow Communists must prepare their ground carefully beforethey proceed with further penetration of such areas. Part of this prepara- tion lies in a noisy Communist-in- spired propaganda campaign for peace at any cost-and this means peace on Russian terms. Russian terms include the right of the Kremlin to do as it pleases with- out any attempt at interference from the West. * * *' TO ACCOMPLISH these pur- poses, the Russians cannot afford to permit any questioning of their supreme authority in matters af- fecting the world revolution. Therefore, the Moscow declaration paid only the merest lip-service to the idea-originally inspired by Tito of Yugoslavia-that there are "different roads to socialism." The fundamentals are the same for all, the declaration warns. The basic principle still is "interna- tional proletarian solidarity," which means recognition of Mos- cow's leading role and authority. The chances are that from here on in, any encouragement of the urge to get out from under Soviet domination-in a coutnry like Po- land, for example-will be slapped down hard. Khrushchev has an- nounced himself as the boss, and he intends to be obeyed. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the Univer- sity of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should ' be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. the dayrpreceding publication. Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday. TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 26; 1957 VOL. LXVIII, NO. 60 General Notices Regents' Meeting: Fri., Dec. 13. Com- munications for consideration at this meeting must be in the President's hands not later than Dec. 4. German Department. Please continue to use Tappan Hall addresses for Ger- man Department staff. Announcements will be made when Frieze Building ad- t %. i a A 4 .. 4 t. t~ LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: 'U' Calendar, Educational Incentives Discussed Calendar Problems .r, To the Editor: WISH TO commend The Daily for the attempt it is presently making to inform the community regarding the problems of the university calendar. The proposal of an earlier starting date, sug- gested by the editorial in Satur- day's Daily, is certainly one of the proposals to be considered, but it should not be accepted until after an examination of all the reasons for the traditional date of start- ing the academic year. This proposal for an earlier starting date is also a proposal to increase the number of weeks from beginning orientation to commencement from the histori- cal 39 to 40. A change of this sort should be adopted only after care- ful consideration of the interests of various University groups. For example, will the students who have objected to a somewhat abbreviated Christmas vacation on the ground that it interferes with their earning power feel that our inability to schedule 30 weeks of classes out of the 39 week period justifies the elimination of a whole week from the summer earning period? * * * ONE OF THE other possibilities is the 14'2 week semester. Perhaps the 14% week class semester does make possible as good an educa- tion as does a longer one, but there should be some evidence to this effect before the 14% week ferred times for vacations, pre- ferred times for orientation and registration, preferred times for examinations, preferred times for processing grades and taking suitable action on the results, and then assigns the remaining time to the basic learning periods, is not proper for the University. of Michigan. -Paul S. Dwyer Professor f Mathematics Re-evaluation To the Editor: VANITY of vanities; all is van- ity. In the multitude of dreams and many words there are also di- vers vanities." These words from the book of Ecclesiastes of the Bible describe one of the most uni- versal frailties of man. It will be a great blunder if leaders and organizers fail to rea- lize the significance and import- ance of this universal frailty in the affairs of man. The launching of the Sputniks has caused a na- tion-wide awakening to the neect of tapping, improving and increas- ing this country's scientific and technical potentiality. To this end, necessary, indeed, are the plans to improve in qua- lity quantity the schools and oth- er facilities. Necessary, perhaps, are incentives in the form of free tuitions, scholarships, free board- ing and lodging better salaries for faculty etc., etc. However, what is totally forgotten or passed with a casual mention is the force of this society at large accepted and ad- mired. He was not given any physical incentive - the incentive or the driving force was the so- ciety itself. No amount of physi- can incentives can accomplish what a change in the American basis for social prestige and val- ues can do, as if by a miracle. * * * TO EFFECT such a change in social prestige and values in any nation is a relatively quick and easy process. A campus like ours, with all its 'conditioning and con- forming' organizations. like fre- ternities, sororities, dormitories, etc., can effectively 'process' the necessary change in social values in a matter of a few years, if only the various campus student lead- ers, faculty and administration give the proper lead. To give just one example: The Daily can officially publish with a picture and all an academic profile of the few ranked academ- ic 'tops' that the Engineering and other schools publish every year. --Thomas S. David, Grad. Thundering Herd . . To the Editor: IT IS NOT often that a poor, study-enslaved student is so aroused by anything as mundane as the acoustics in a vast, cold auditorium, but Friday evening's performance must bring forth some comment, and congratula- tions. I had long suspected that the utes before the end of the per- formance to demonstrate that my grandest expectations were indeed true. The sound emanating from the hallways in the building re- minded me of a herd of sheep tip- toeing on the soundboard of a Steinway. I'm sure if it had been Dylan Thomas before us rather than his reincarnation, we would have seen the comic situation wherein the vegetables, onions, etc. (and sure- ly he would have had some about) were thrown from the stage rath- er than from the audience. Therefore, congratulations are in order for all you members of the "thundering herd" who were unable to sit out the remaining three minutes of what must have been to you a rather dull per- formance. -Brent Eag'ar Constituents . . . To The Editor: LAST WEDNESDAY night, I at- tended the weekly Student Government Council meeting at the Student Activities Building. I can sincerely say that any student who does attend such meetings can learn a great deal of information and succeed in gaining an insight into our active SGC. There were less than 10 con-, stituents present at this meeting. Being just a student myself, I would like to see others there, if anl fmr +ha z Ira of finrin-i n- ,' I. INTERPRETING THE NEWS: Again, The Germans Associated Press News Analyst By J. M. ROBERTS THE BIG THREE of NATO is about to be- come the Big Four. That is a part of the significance of the hur- ried visit to Washington of West Germany's foreign minister at a time when efforts are hinv n V1A + rinviLornVttO+ +,a 'e Tav, al always seemed more political than military, but the latter have not been exactly neglected. Russia, in addition to keeping large forces there, long ago formed military units among the Germans ,and is now reported to be in- stalling missile launchers from which all capi- tals of Europe could be struck.