Sixty-Eighth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
n Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
uth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
ditorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.

AY. NOVEMBER 15, 1957

NIGHT EDITOR: THOMAS BLUES


_,. - -

Ike's Defense' Policy
Shows Backward Look

REFUSAL to look squarely at the basic facts
of the Age of Sputniks continues to be
idenced in the policies of the Eisenhower
ministration.
[n his speech at Oklahoma City, a few of the
esident's remarks seem to demonstrate the
ministration's thinking-or rather, a lack of
ious thought-on the place of science in
ation to national security. The President
phasized the importance of retaliatory power
d conventional armament. The President's
eech was conspicuous for the absence of
ncrete suggestions for improvement of edu-
tion or "basic" research opportunities, speci-
ally in the sciences.
[t is indicative of administration policy to
ntrast the President's statement that:
"The military services are underpaid. We
ust be fair with them. Justice demands this,
t also compelling is the factor of efficiency
our defense forces. We cannot obtain and
tain the ,necessary level of technical profi-
ncy unless officers and men, in sufficient
rmbers, will make the armed services their
reers"
with his statement about science to
e effect that "money cannot do everything.
u cannot say to a research worker, 'Your
lary Is tripled; now produce three times as
any basic discoveries.'"'
DMITTEDLY, the President did suggest a
'system of nation-wide high school testing
id an "incentive" plan for high aptitude stu-
nts to pursue scientific education. But also
significance was his statement that "the
ggest part of the task is in the hands of you,
citizens."
Thus, it seems that the administration con-
hues to bask in the belief that the function
the federal government is to provide guns,
t test tubes. The President continues to
ink-with little basis in light of the fantastic
ogress of the Russians - that, basically,
Lence and security are not related, and that
. excepting, the "science" of rocketry and
lsiles-science and education should remain
nfined in "local," and inadequate, ivory
wers.
Administration policy canbe summed up
nply from the President's remarks: More
oney for the Air Force; probably slight cuts
r the Army and Navy; a cut in non-military
ernment services; either a tax increase or

an unbalanced budget; and, except for some
top-priority, immediately practicable military
projects, a few nice tokens-but no real bene-
fit-for scientists and education in general.
Such a policy does not even obliquely face
the real problems which confront the nation.
To face these problems, the President must
realize-as the Russians have-that education,
scientific and otherwise, and so-called "basic"
research, have become a nation's first line of
defense.
The President-an old general in fact and at
heart-seemingly cannot force himself or his
advisors to realize that armaments, beyond a
certain absolute level, mean nothing. Both the
Soviet Union and the United States now possess
the weapons to almost totally destroy the other
at any instant. Possibly, the Russians, with
their missile edge, could do the job a little
more efficiently than the United States, but an
argument of this sort is obviously meaningless.
W TE ARE NOW, in fact, fighting a peace, not
a war. The Russians have shown the world
that a communist system with its broad latitude
for governmental control, has produced remark-
able advances in the physical sciences. They
can now turn mpre to consumer goods produc-
tion and have in fact announced plans to do so.
If the Russians can succeed now in "human-
izing" their policy as they have succeeded in
vitalizing their science and education, they will
earn the admiration of the world. If, meanwhile,
in the next few decades, the United States does
not make equivalent progress in science and
education and does not also succeed in keeping
its own standard of living rising, it will have
lost the "war."
Obviously, increasing the overall military
budget, giving "basic" science and education a
few tokens of support, cutting non-military
government services, and either running up the
national debt or raising taxes are not the
answers.
The administration must be made to realize
that quite the opposite approach is now neces-
sary. Beyond the minimum of absolute retali-
atory power, defense forces, especially the Army
and Navy, should be pared down. A real effort
must be made at the federal level to improve
opportunities in science and education, and
finally, other non-military government serv-
ices must not be cut.
-LEWIS COBURN

"Hey-Don't Forget The Bottom Part, Too"
I
' G
d".* $Jt9.1 & ,t L- !.?ASllts.6T'tL~. P<.'Sc- +.

Slick Fothergill and his wife Kate,
a couple of irate cowboys (Lank
and Pete), and a villain, sly Sam
Mason.



AT LYDIA MENDELSSOHN:
'Soph Show' Dispels
Campus Apathy Myth
SOPH SHOW for 1957 is the so-called musical comedy "Girl Crazy,"
mainly noted for its music and lyrics by the Gershwins, which fared
surprisingly well at the hands of the Sophomore class.
The production was genuinely enthusiastic and, for that reason,
occasional opening night mis-adventures often passed unnoticed. But
more of this later.
Now for a quick romp through the plot: Danny Churchill, a.mil-
lionaire's son (Tom Kirshbaum), sent out West because he has been
chasing women, arrives in a small western town via Brooklyn taxicab.
Together with the cab driver, Goldfarb, he establishes a stylish dude
ranch and wins Molly, a pretty western girl. Sidelights are gambler

4



UNIVERSITY LECTURE COURSE:
'Rivalry' Tries Historical Drama

T HE ASPECT of creating a dra-
matic presentation by string-
ing together excerpts from politi-
cal campaign speeches is an inter-
esting one. The task is obviously
one of building character and plot
from what are often dull and col-
orless historical happenings; the
problem is one of remaining
authentic within certain bounds.
Norman Corwin has made such
an attempt with the famed Lin-
coln-Douglas debates of the Il-
linois senatorial campaign of 1858.
His product, "The Rivalry," which
played Hill Auditorium last night
on the University Lecture Course,
has something to offer of an his-
torical nature but little in the way
of good drama.
** *
THE HISTORY of the debates
is well-mown Americana. Stephen
A. Douglas, the incumbent Demo-
cratic senator in Illinois, meets
his Republican rival, Abraham
Lincoln, in a series of seven de-
bates, primarily on the slavery
question, in a tour of seven Illi-
nois cities in a two-month period.
Douglas, a man high in the Demo-
cratic party, is expected to be a
future president, and wins the
senatorial race from the unknown
Lincoln rather handily.
Author Corwin has taken these
debates as the skeleton of his
play; he has incorporated and re-
arranged sections of the debates
in a presentation that becomes a
study of the man Douglas - as
seen by his wife, Adele, who acts
as interlocutor and epilogue.
Douglas is the person whose

character comes to examine it-
self during the course of the de-
bates and the years immediatelyt
following. For, although he is vic-
tor in the 1858 election, the slav-
ery issue has become too big and
the party flounders. When Lincoln
is elected president in 1860, Doug-
las rises above party to the call of
his country, aiding Lincoln in the
keeping of Illinois within the
Union.
But "The Rivalry," in its non-
deviation from the actual his-
torical events except where neces-
sary, gives neither motivation nor
depth to this central reversal of
character in Douglas.
* * *
MARTIN GABEL, in the part of
the blustery senator, performs
competently and rattles off his
often-long speeches with the as-
surance of memorization instead
of the hesitancy of note refer-
ences. In spite of his readiness
and polished performance, how-
ever, the character is not forth-
coming; even the fictional scenes
with his wife or with a bottle -
he drank - are insufficient.
Agnes Moorehead as the wife,
Adele, is the one unifying charac-
ter holding the web of debates
together. It is she who places the
context each time and who, at the
conclusion of the debates, pro-
vides the epilogue and unneces-
sary relation of the debates' out-
come for her husband. This epi-
logue pronounces the final char-
acter of Douglas, then hears his
death from his wife's lips.
Miss Moorehead is more spiri-

tual than spirited; she reminds
one of Judith Anderson's Medea.
Perhaps some of this criticism can
be laid to the makeshift staging
necessary in the curtain-less Hill
Auditorium, but she is distinctly
a person from the past come to
the present for the sole reason of
telling her story to her captive
audience.
* * *
RAYMOND MASSEY is his
usual capable Lincoln. But the
obvious comparison of "The Ri-
valry" with "John Brown's Body"
of four years ago, both similar in
style of presentation, makes the
former a very poor production in-
deed. In "The Rivalry," Massey
must work with excerpts from
speeches and impossibly dull jokes
that even Lincoln couldn't have
told, and there is no comparison
with the flowing Lincoln of the
Benet poem.
But, as in "John Brown's Body",
Lincoln is not the most prominent
figure, majestic as he may be.
Massey, however, tends to be seen
as all the Lincolns he has been
and not this particular one. His
portrayal is just what one would
expect and the role is consequent-
ly subjected to the more im-
portant development of Douglas.
Difficult staging adapted to the
problems of Hill Auditorium is
brightened by very effective light-
ing. The costumes, in keeping
with the "reader's theatre" type
of production, are more functional
than decorative.
-Vernon Nahrgang

HENRY SANDWEISS as Gold-
farb, and Hal Randelman (Slick)
are extremely effective in comedy
roles, while Kirshbaum, a better
actor than a singer, is nonetheless
successful as Churchill. Judy
Volkert makes Molly a sweet
young thing, without a trace of
western accent, but cute, don't you
know.
Spring Condoyan is in good
voice as Kate Fothergill; at any
rate she fills the part to my satis-
faction, with a strong voice and
gay mannerisms.
The two irate cowboys (Glen
Rosin and Mike Schiff) act
authentic enough, although some
of the others wear most un-cow-
boylike glasses. But then, so do
many other cast members in a
touching tribute to the eyestrain
of college life.
Ira Gould comes up wih a
George Raft effect as sly Sam Ma-
son: silk scarf, walking stick, and
sneer. Fern Bender has a few mo-
ments to characterize Goldfarb's
part-time girl Patsy, but she
makes the most of them, as do
short-blond Judy Wilson and
long-blond Brenda Porter, two of
Danny Churchill's female enoUr-
age.
A COUPLE of the musical num-
bers are worth special mention:
"Sam and Delilah" in act II, at
the dude ranch night club fea-
tures good dancing and colorful
costumes. Also "Bronco Busters"
from act I and some quasi-Span-
ish dances from act III werecare-
fully staged.
The production staff turned in
an adequate job; scenery was gen-
erally simple but good, lighting
was simple but bad, with too
many sudden plunges into light
and darkness. Irwin Gage seemed
quite professional as musical di-
rector, even though the audience
unaccountably failed to give him
the traditional burst of applause
before the last act.
* * *
IN SPITE of a certain amount
of first night uncertainty, the
Show turned out generally well,
and left its audience apparently
satisfied, especially because of an
incident in the Finale which can-
not be mentioned here. The en-
thusiasm with which the Sopho-
more class has worked on this
production should help dispel the
myth of campus apathy. Some-
how, the spectacle of a class en-
terprise such as this, for all its
imperfections, is as satisfying as
the slick professionalism of cer-
tain other campus activities.
-David Kessel

Where Are All the People?

WWHERE ARE all the people?" This question
was asked by a young co-ed on Tuesday
evening, the night of the Student Government
Council election count. It was asked by many
others also. '
They may have referred to the low number
of 11 SGC candidates running for office; they
may have been surprised at the few people
present at the count night-very few when
SGC members, members of the administration
and Daily reporters were subtracted from the
total.
But they were mostly appalled at the elec-
tion returns. The lowest number of votes in any
Student Government Council election-5,347-
made shameful history.
Apathy, apathy, apathy. This, has been de-
scribed by various people these past weeks. This
derogatory word was expressed by all the
candidates in their campaigns. The subject has
been mentioned, people have nodded their heads
in assent and ... that's all.
With less than 23 per cent of the University's
enrollment voting, a lack of some sort is evident.
"But it was raining," some people may offer
as an excuse. This is not a good one. It also
rained last March and in the November, '56,
elections.
Clearly it is not a problem of poor communi-
cations. Students had the opportunity to hear
the campaigns in the rooming houses and over

the radio, and to read about the candidates and
their platforms.
PERHAPS THEN, the answer to the low vote
can be found through looking at results. Of
the six candidates elected, two were re-elected.
Of the remaining four, three are affiliated.
Evidence points to the fact that the affiliates
had something at stake in this election. The
Sigma Kappa issue and deferred rush have and
will affect them.
But with what incentives does the Council
provide the remaining 80 per cent of the cam-
pus? Evidently the issues which SGC under-
takes do not particularly interest the larger
portion.
At the polls Monday and Tuesday, comments
such as "What's SGC anyway?" "I don't believe
in it," and "Do they do anything?" could be
heard.
Not only does the campus need to be awak-
ened to some of the Council's functions, but
more imporant the Council must also realize
the entire campus' needs and operate accord-
ingly.
With this definite purpose of serving the
students as a whole and putting aside petty
and insignificant issues, the newly elected Stu-
dent Government Council should be able to
prove itself this year, not only to the students,
but to the entire University and to itself.
-DOROTHEA STEUDLE

DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the Univer-
sity of Michiga for which the
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.

k

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1957
VOL. LXVII, NO. 51
General Notices
January graduation announcement
orders will be taken from 12 noon until
5 p.m. Nov 13-20 in the Student Acti-
vities Bldg., the ceremonies will be held
Jan. 25 at 2 p.m. in Hill Auditorium,
Burlap Bags, a tape of a dramatic
production heard over the Canadian
Broadcasting System last year, will be
played and discussed at the coffee hour
of the Office of Religious Affairs at 4:30
p.m. Fri., Nov. 15, in the Lane Hal li-
brary.
Application blanks for Phoenix Pre-
doctoral Fellowships for 1958-59 are
available in the Graduate School Of-
fice. Applicants should be well ad-
vanced in their graduate studies and
should present plans for research or
graduate study leading to research in
some field dealing with the applications
or implications of atomic energy. Re-
search projects may be In the fields
of nuclear physics and chemistry, in
the use of radiation or fission products
In the medical and biological sciences
or on the effect that atomic energy de-
velopments will have on government,
economics, philosophy and culture.
Competition will close Feb. 1, 1958.
Lectures
Lecture, auspices of the Department
of Architecture. "Urban Design." Nor-
bert Gorwic. member of the Detroit
City Planning Commission. 4:00 p.m.,
Fri., Nov. 15, Architecture Auditorium.
Astronomy Department Visitors' Night
Fri., Nov. 15, 8:00 p.m. Rm 2003, Angell
Hall. Prof. Freeman D. Miller will speak
on "Astronomy with Field Glasses."
After the lecture the Student Observa-
tory on the fifth floor of Angel Hall
will be open for inspection and for
telescopic observations of a double star
and cluster. Children welcomed, but
must be accompanied by adults.
The International Center presents a
series of free illustrated travel talks as
a community service. Part I in the
series is "Report: Africa." On Sun.,
Nov. 17 Henry L. Bretton assistantpro-
fessor of political science, and S.G..
President J. Joseph Collins will present
"Emerging New Nations of West Afri-
ca: Ghana and Nigeria," showing color
films and slides. 7:30 p.m., Aud. B, An-
gel Hall.
Films
Movie, auspices of the College of En-
gineering. "The Challenge of Outer
Space," Rackham Lecture Hall, Fri.
Nov. 15, 1st showing 4:00 p.m., 2nd
showing 8:00 p.m. Open to the public.
Concerts
Student Recital: Ann Holtgren, senior
in the School of Music majoring In
Music Education, will perform works
by Paul Cooper, Paul Dukas, Johan
Wenzel Stich, and Gordon Jacob, at
8:30 p.m. Sun., Nov. 17 in Aud. A, An-
gell Hall. Miss Holtgren studies French
horn with Clyde Carpenter, and dur-
ing her recital will be assisted by Li.
da Reck, piano, Jane Flowers, violin,
Elizabeth Lichty, viola, and Arthr
Follows, cello. Open to the general
public.
AcademicNotices
The National Teacher Examinations:
Application blanks for the Feb. 1958 ad-
ministration of the National Teacher
Examinations are now available at 122
Rackham Building.
Doctoral Candidates who expect to
receive degrees in Feb., 1958, must have
at least three bound copies of their
dissertations in the office of the Grad-
uate School by Fri., Dec. 13. The report
of the doctral committee on the final
oral examination must be filed with the
Recorder of the Graduate School to-
gether with two copies of the thesis,
which is ready in all respects for pub-
lication, not later than. Mon., Jan. 13.
Psychology Colloquium: "Military Re-
Iquirements for Basic Research in Psy-
chology." Dr. Arthur Melton, Psycholo-
gy Department. 4:15 p.m., Fri., Nov. 15,
Aud. B., Angell Hall.
Interdepartmental seminar tn A-
plied Meteorology: Engineering. Mon.,
Nov. 18, 4 p.m., Room 307, West Engi-
neering Bldg. Harry L. Hamilton, Jr.
will speak on "The Effect of Solar En-
ergy on Air Conditioning Loads" -
Chairman: Prof. J. R. Akerman.
Analysis Seminar, auspices of the De-
partment of Mathematics. Prof. Max-
well Reed will speak on "Determining
the Region of Sehlichtness of an Ana-
lytic Function." Mon., Nov. 18, 4:10
p.m., Room 3017 Angel Hall.
Doctoral Examination for Donald Sid-
ney Macvean, Library Science; thesis:

"°A Study of Curriculum Laboratories
in Midwestern Teacher-Training Insti-
tutions," Fri., Nov. 15, East Council
Room, at 3:00 p.m. Chairman, R. H.
Gjelsness.
aPhlrnm.Pn t ?4n t Q

4

.#

Y


PAKISTANI-INDIAN DISPUTE:
UN Attempts Solution of Kashmir Problem

INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
Hands Off Foreign Aid

By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
TrHE EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION has
launched a coordinated campaign to forestall
any congressional tendency to take money out
of the foreign aid program for the expanding
national defense effort.
President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon
and Secretary Dulles all made the point Wed-
nesday, a day replete with notice to the Ameri-
can people of the magnitude of the burden of
keeping up with Russia's military advances.
The President stressed the "distasteful task"
of Congress to find the money through elimina-
tion of domestic services.
Administration spokesmen steered clear of
the possibility of higher taxes to maintain a
balanced budget, leaving the implication that

Former President Harry Truman was more
blunt. What way is there to do it, he asked,
except to increase taxes.
The administration was reported cool toward
suggestions that Congress should enact stand-
by wage, price and production controls at the
next session, so that the President could put
the country on a virtual wartime basis if
needed.
Dulles, however, referred to the possibility
that people might have to give up some "small
marginal freedoms." Some interpreted this as a
preliminary reference to the subject of con-
trols.
WITH REGARD to foreign aid, Congress has
displayed a tendency to preserve domestic
spending programs at its expense. The Wdmin-

(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the last
of three articles treating the Kashmir
problem from the Pakistani point of
view. Today's installment continues
a history of the Kashmir dispute be-
gun yesterday and concludes the ar-
gument for Pakistan's position.
The author was president of the
campis chapter of the Pakistani Stu-
dents of America last year, when he
attended the University. He is pres-
ently editor of the Association's mag-
azine and director of publicity.)
By Mohammed Azhar Ali Khan
The Pakistan army moved into
Kashmir and the Indians com-
plained to the United Nations of
Pakistan's "aggression;" Pakis-
anis charged Indian "aggression,"
but the UN didn't find anyone
aggressor.
The Security Cduncil suggested
a plebiscite to determine the fate
of Kashmir. India and Pakistan
agreed, and a UN Commission was
sent to implement the decision.
The UNIC adopted two resolu-
tions calling for: 1) cease-fire and
demarcation of a cease-fire line;
2) demilitarization of Kashmir; 3)
free plebiscite under UN.
THESE PROPOSALS were ac-
cepted by Pakistan and India and
endorsed by the United Nations.
Cease-fire was ordered on Janu-
ary 1, 1949. UNCIP then asked
India and Pakistan to submit
plans for troop withdrawal. Pakis-
tan did so; India first asked for
more time, later refused. UNCIP

troop withdrawal by India and
suggested that during the plebis-
cite period:
a) A Commonwealh force be
provided by Australia and New
Zealand, or
b) a force jointly provided by
India and Pakistan, or
c) a force to be locally raised by
the UN-appointed Plebiscite ad-
ministrator.
Each of these proposals was ac-
cepted by Pakistan, rejected by
India.
In March, 1951, Ambassador
Muniz of Brazil mad^ his pro-
posals in the UN. Pakistan ac-
cepted, India rejected them.
In March, 1951, the Security
Council made its proposals. Pakis-
tan accepted, India turned them
down.
Between March, 1951, and. De-
cember, 1952, Dr. Frank Graham,
the UN mediator, made his pro-
posals. Each of these Pakistan ac-
cepted, India rejected.
In December, 1952, the Security
Council urged that Pakistani
troops in Kashmir be reduced to
between 3,000 and 6,000 and In-
dian troops to between 12,000 and
18,000. Pakistan accepted even
this proposal, while India rejected
it.
AT UN suggestion, India and
Pakistan entered into direct nego-
tiations in 1953, which continued
.F.,. J - -~ _ - ,- .t.,,+tttt-

General Assembly because India's
friend, Russia, has been vetoing
Security Council resolutions.
Meanwhile, during the fighting,
500,000 Kashmiris fled Occupied
Kashmir and sought refuge in
Pakistan. Since then 100,000 more
have come, and they keep coming.
In Free Kashmir, there isn't a
single political prisoner. In (In-
dian) Occupied Kashmir, thous-
ands languish in jails. Among
them is Shaikh Abdullah, life-long
friend of Gandhi and Nehru,
prime minister of Occupied Kash-
mir till 1953 and member of the
Indian delegation to the UN in
1948 and 1949.
In 1953, he was deposed and
clamped in jail, where he still is,
without charges or trial. Is this
the record of which the Indians
are so proud?
*. * *
ALSO IN JAIL was Pandit Nath
Bazaz, a Kashmiri Hindu who fa-
vors plebiscite. Also in jail was an
Indian Hindu, Pandit Lakhanpal,
chairman of "End the Kashmir
Dispute" Committee, formed of
enlightened Indian ciizens who
believe friendship with Pakistan
is more important than forced oc-
cupation of Kashmir.
Abdullah wrote a letter to the
Security Council earlier this year.
His letter was smuggled out of
Kashmir, published in the New
York Times, and its authenticity

Repressive measures were let loose
in order to crush the spontaneous
uprising of the people.
Indian Central Reserve Police
and army, as well as the militia
and the special police were given
a free license to shoot at sight.
The number of those killed was
officially reported to be 36 al-
though the public version puts it
much higher, No judicial enquiry
was held to investigate into these
atrocities.
"In March, 1956, the Prime
Minister of India made a public
declaration ruling out plebiscite
in Kashmir. It has shocked the
world conscience and stunned the
people of Kashmir.
* * *
"INDIA'S Prime Minister has
hinted that a vote in favor of
Pakistan, will arouse communal
passions in India and endanger
the security of its Muslim minor-
ity. Is India's secularism so skin
deep that it will collapse like a
pack of cards as soon as the Kash-
miris exercise their right of self-
determination? Are Kashmiris to
be held as hostages for fair treat-
ment of Muslim minority under
the so-called secular democracy
of India?
"Kashmir is at present ruled
by monstrous laws which have
crippled all political and social
life in the State and paralyzed all
progress. A lawless law of Preven-