"This Happened Without Any Violence At All" Sixty-Eighth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 When Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. POLTICAL CRISIS French Constitution Demands Reform By GODFREY ANDERSON Associated Press Staff Writer HEN THE FRENCH political crisis is finally solved-whether by Socialist Guy Mollet, the present candidate for premier, or by some- one else-the odds are that France will have another weak government just like the 23 preceding it since World War II. The present vacuum of power, which has already lasted' 27 days, has been generally dubbed the gravest since the Fourth Republic was founded in 1946. Everyone has agreed there must be urgent constitu- tional reform to give greater executive stability. Governments must no longer be thrown out just because one of their bills is rejected. And, if they are thrown out, then they should INDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1957 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL KRAFT American Educational System Faces Further Defeats L SPUTNIK SPINS merrily along, each revo- lution seems to add another question mark the "why" and "how" that Americans have en asking each other. And in the usual American fashion of seeking ie! quick and easy explanation, the Russian's >ectacular scientific achievement is being .amed on everything from our inter-se vice valry to stupid budgeting, scary security pro- ams, blind administrators and sneaky Soviet >ies. Meanwhile, some observers point to a arallel between Russia's lead in the scientific 3ce and their greater efficiency in the produc- on of scientists, engineers afid technicians. But all the blanket explanations merely dicate the disorder beneath. After the ques- oning, it might well be worth while to do some linking and looking. The little sphere flashing across the horizon casting a searching light on the very foun- ations of America's progress, its attitudes and lucational system. And there is very little in ther area that can bear close scrutiny. SOCIETY in which intellectuals are "egg- heads," avid readers are bookworms and udents are grinds does little to provide an anosphere favorable to the development of; iture scientists. In Russia not only is the dientist a highly regarded personage, but he also one of the best paid and rewarded embers of the society. By contrast, the mmerican scientist's only hope of material ompensations comes from an industry that is r more interested in practical application than ure research. But even if there are enough of those who ant to know why "grass is green" there are ot enough with the ability to find the answers. 'or the educational equipment which develops nd sharpens the intellectual tools of research in need of urgent repair. Since the turn of the century a smaller and smaller percentage of students have studied mathetmatics and physi- cal sciences in high school. Much of the empha- sis on these subjects has evaporated, producing a generation of teachers who had little interest in the subjects when they were in school and can arouse only small interest among their own, students. The physical condition of the schools also needs revitalization. Not since the "make-work" spending of the depression years has the nation really concentrated on building schools. Stop- gap measures and new construction was forced by the wave of war-time babies, but if the harvest is going to be converted into the educated personnel the nation needs, A billion dollar question must be answered. TODAY, 3.2 million students are in college. In ten years, the number is expected to double and the nation's institutiors of higher education will need an estimated' one billion dollars a year to finance the expansion. At the present, about 25 per cent of the sup- port for higher education comes from state governments, 20 per cent from the students, with the remainder from the federal govern- ment and other sources. Where the money for the future will come from is still unanswered. Some, such as Presi- dent Celestin Steiner of the University of Detroit say the students "those who benefit from higher education"-should pay for it. But as enrollment increases taper off through- out the country because of increased tuition and living expenses, the travels of the Russian satellite underline one basic fact: a nation as a whole benefits from, depends upon and must support its educational system. If not, the whole societal structure is in danger of being increasingly overshadowed by Russian successes. --MICHAEL KRAFT WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: Economic Outlook Gloomy By DREW PEARSON have the power to dissolve Parlia- ment and carry the issue to the country. That's what they say. The only trouble is that no two groups of deputies among the 15- odd parties in Parliament are agreed on how it should be done. So nothing gets done. UNDER THE present system, all French governments are a patchwork drawn from the so- called national parties-that is, with Communists and extreme right Poujadists excluded. Cabi- net portfolios are bartered for the support of various splinter groups. With a disparate team finally more or less in agreement on a minimum program all feel they can stomach, the premier faces the National Assembly for formal investiture. If he scrapes through that-- some don't-he is usually in trou- ble on the first important issue which arises. First he must get his own Cabinet agreed, and that isn't easy. Then he must face Parliament - "that bear-pit" as ex-Premier /Antoine Pinay once called it in a moment of frus- trated rage. What France loses through these recurrent crises is impos- sible to estimate. This day was the 274th the Fourth Republic has been without a government in 12 years. So long as governments have to be sought from left-center and right-center of the Parliament, none will be strong enough to last unless there is real reform-in deeds, not talk. What alternatives are there? * * * THE LEFT could give strong government by the two largest parties-the old popular front of Communists and Socialists. But, no one -wants the Communists, even though they are willing. An appeal could be made to the wartime leader, Gen. Charles de -Gaulle, to take over as executive president on the American model. But most Frenchmen consider that the ultimate recourse in the face of disaster. Many fear he would want to be dictator. There is always the Count of Paris, pretender to the nonexistent throne. But, although his support- ers have plastered France with bills reading "The King - why not?" the French are too repub- lican these days to take his bid seriously. The outlook then? The mixture as before, until the deadlocked system can be revamped to make it really workable. W. Germany: Hotbed of Capitalism PROOF OF THE VIGOR of the West German economy and one reason for it was supplied by banker Herman Abs of that country at the International Industrial Development Confer- enceat San Francisco recently. Abs-proposed an international law regulating private foreign investment to protect both the investor and the country benefitting from the. capital. By this means, the flow of capital to the underdeveloped countries which badly need it, might not be impaired through fear of ex- propriation. The need for some sort of governing body of law is clearly apparent. The most striking recent example of interference with private investment, the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt, almost provoked a war. On a less dramatic scale, several oil companies in the Middle East have suffered through government expropriation of privately developed resources. Such acts as these give pause to businessmen with capital seeking places to invest it. Returns might be far higher by investment in countries which need developing, but it is foolhardy to risk money when the government of a country might take all the profit, if it desires. Con- sequently, the capitalist sacrifices larger profits for surer returns, in countries which are not unfriendly to foreign investment. Fear of "colonialism" thus keeps a nation needing development and an investor willing to develop it from joining forces. The result: the rich nations get richer, as the capitgalist invests where he is sure of a friendly reception, while the poor stay poor. T AKING CONGNIZANCE of this lamentable state of affairs, Abs has proposde that an international convention and court of arbitra- tion be established, the one to make laws gov- erning the investment in foreign countries, the other to ensure that those rules are not broken and to determine penalties for violations. Such organizations should provide the basis for concrete development of the world's resources and contribute greatly to the improvement of living conditions in backward nations. It is to the credit both of Abs and of West Germany that he has offered this proposal. Apparently the West Germans are not to be stopped in their economic boom by the hesi-- tancy of others; they demonstrate a confidence in capitalism which the United States could well use. It is to be wondered why some Amer- ican businessman did not draw up a similar proposal, instead of bewailing the unwillingness of other countries to provide a rose-strewn path for development. -JOHN WEICHER INTERPRETING A rab Unity -A Dreamn By WILLIAM L RYAN Associated Press Foreign News Analyst t A FTER President Eisenhower met with economic advisers for one hour last week, Press Sec- retary Jim Hagerty testily denied that Ike was concerned about the stock market slump. Inside fact, however, is that the President's economic advisers are definitely and genuinely concern- ed. They are worried not only about the stock market, but about the continued inflationary rise in living costs and other danger signs in the nation's economy. Values on the New York Stock. Exchange have now declined an estimated $22 billion since the first of the year. On top of this, Wall Street analysts predict business will be rough during this winter and possibly next spring. The rail- roads have suffered a severe slump in profits, have laid off men. Car- loadings are down. The price of scrap iron, always a business ba- rometer, has plummeted. Retail sales are off about 10 per cent in many parts of the country. * * * ECONOMISTS believe that cor- porate profits, which were high the first part of '57 but will be low the latter part of this year, will wind up about the same level as 1955 and 1956. But small business is taking a terrific beating, and the nation has seen an all-time record high for bankruptcies. This was the real reason Eisen- hower met with top-level advisers, including Chairman Martin of the Federal Reserve Board, Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, and Raymond Saulnier, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. They won't admit it officially,, but four Democratic candidates have their presidential bandwag- ons all steamed up and ready to roll. Though the 1960 election is still three years away, they are already sounding out delegates. Here are the four with their hats still on their heads but their eyes I watching the ring: 1) Sen. Stu Symington of Mis- souri - he will \probably be re- elected to the Senate next year by an overwhelming majority; this momentum may start him rolling toward the White House. The Re- publicans can't find a candidate willing to oppose him in Missouri. They have even offered to pay Assistant Army Secretary Dewey Short, defeated Missouri congress- man, to run against Symington for the Senate. Meanwhile, Missouri's able Gov. Jimt Blair has offered to campaign next year for any out- of-state Democrat who'll invite him, in order to build up out-of- state good will for Symington. 2) Sen. Jack Kennedy of Massa- chusetts - like Symington, Ken- nedy is counting on an impressive. victory in next year's Senate race. Massachusetts Republicans a r e frantically seeking a candidate to put up against him, but without too much hope. Jack's millionaire McCarthyite father, crusty old Joseph P. Kennedy,ris spending a fortune on a publicity machine to make Jack's name as well known as Secretary of Defense McElroy's soap. No candidate in history has ever had so much money spent on a public relations advance buildup. 3) GOV. MENNEN WILLIAMS of Michigan -he has confided to friends that he'll run next year, but not for re-election for the seventh time as governor. This probably means he'll challenge GOP Sen. Charlie Potter of Michi- gan for the Senate. Williams, a Democrat, has made a great re- cord in Michigan, normally a Republican state. He is the first man in history, Republican or Democrat, to be elected governor six times. Sitting in the Senate in Washington, Williams would have two years to make a national repu- tation before the 1960 election. 4) Gov. Averell Harriman of New York-he would be a natural as Democratic candidate were it not for one thing-age. Harriman has made a fine record as governor of a state which has supplied more presidents than any other. New York is a natural springboard for the presidency. He could also offset the new Republican drive to win Negro votes; because of his long record as a champion of civil rights. He has also had experience as Secre- tary of -Commerce, Ambassador to England and Russia, and in many other government posts. The fact that he is one year behind Eisenhower in age is his . chief handicap. However, Harri- man's skiing and youthful appear- ance might help offset the calen- dar. At any rate, his political adviser, Jim Lannigan, attended the Democratic Midwest Confer- ence to take soundings on political sentiment. Other possible candidates such as veteran campaigner Sen. Estes Kefauver of Tennessee are also keeping a finger in the political wind. By 1960, you probably won't be able to see the trees for the presidential timber. * * * IT WASN'T mentioned in the press release, but a southerner drafted the strong civil rights statement issued .last week by the Democratic Advisory Council. He was Camille Gravel, Louisi- ana Democratic leader, w h o s e draft was accepted by all members except North Carolina's Mrs. Ben- jamin Everett. In fact, the civil rights issue provokeddonly mild debate behind closed doors. Governors Averell Harriman of New York and Mennen Williams of Michigan urged a stronger statement, calling upon Democrats, in Congress to introduce new civil rights legislation next year. They warned that Negroes are deserting the Democratic party. Harriman declared that Vice- President Nixon, by championing civil rights had become the "Lin- coln of Harlem." All the Demo- cratic advisers agreed, however, that they should not antagonize the South with a deliberately in- flammatory statement. (Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate Inc.) THE ARAB AWAKENING, Arab . unity, Arab liberation, Arab nationalism. These phrases weave their way daily through news reports from the Middle East. The terms represent a new force in world politics, a new factor in the search for peace. To cope with them, the'West must try to under- stand then'. What do these things mean? Unluckily for the West, the terms defy any full, lucid explari.- tion. Even the Arabs can't agree on them. Recently, I asked Jordan's young King Hussein, a descendant of the celebrated Sherif Hussein of the 1915 Arab revolt, a Bedouin and a monarch who professes Arab na- tionalism, to explain the terms. This is his explanation: "Arab unity is the ultimate as- piration of Arab nationalism. It is the final guarantee for a pros- perous, stable Arab world. A strong Arab unity is the absolute wall against communism and a major guarantee of world peace and prosperity." Arab unity means one thing to a ruler, another to the Arab in the street. * I FOR THE AVERAGE Arab, the plrase is a rally point for the ex- pression of a struggle against hopelessness. It is a dream of a single Arab nation stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Atlantic. For the rulers, the idea of a one-world Arab federation is some- thing far, far away in the mists of the future. "It is premature to state exactly what particular form such unity will take," says King Hussein. "For the time being we strive for mili- tary, economic and political unity of effort similar to the unity now existing between the Benelux, Bel- gium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, customs union countries." This is a far cry from the dream which stirs the average Arab to riotous emotion. Says Hussein further:d "The Arab world, administra- tively speaking, is composed of four administrative units: The Fertile Crescent, the Arab Pen- insula, the Nile Valley ad Arab North Africa. As an Arab nation- alist, we visualize very intimate and close cooperation among states in each unit, which must lead necessarily to close cooperation of the nits themselves." GIVEN EVERY favorable condi- tion, Arab unity from the Gulf to, the Atlantic couldn't be accom- plished in generations. Unity of the Fertile Crescent-Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan-might be a different thing. It would make for economic viability the area could not hope to achieve in separation, But who would rule? Who. would surrender sovereignty? To the extremist in Syria "lib eration" means kicking out all foreign influence. To countries that produce oil, it means simply that Western developers avoid any appearance of encroaching on sovereignty., Yet, for all this, the drive of Pan - Arabism among the Arab masses-the awakening to an old dream of glory lost 12 centuries ago-is a force to reckon with. A United States gesture in the direc- tion of Arab nationalism would mean little in terms of any effec- tive Arab action. It would cost nothing. But sympathy for the notion of a re-awakened Arab self-respect might help make a start toward recapturing some of America's lost prestige in this area. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Offcial Bulletin is an official publication of the Univer- sity of Michigan for which tho Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday. X * ti ° L. I. s, INTERPRETING THE NEWS: Down on the Farms' By OVID A. MARTIN Associated Press Farm Reporter W ASHINGTON (P)--Farm and political lead- ers are speculating about the possibility that the Eisenhower administration may come up with income-sweetening revisions in its farm policies. Much of the speculation is based on the facts that next year is another congressional election year and the Republicans appear to be facing trouble in vital farming areas, particularly in their traditional Midwest stronghold. As of now, there is nothing to indicate that the administration will propose any sharp changes in farm programs beyond those already suggested by Secretary of Agriculture Benson. These changes have evoked criticism from some Republican as well as Democratic lawmakers from farm states. NEVERTHELESS, there is strong belief among some farm groups that the political necessities of the situation will lead the ad- ministration to advance proposals which would be designed to brighten the economic outlook for agriculture. Benson claims that the farm situation is looking up, but quite a number of agricultural as well as poUtical leaders disagree with him. The secretary says farm income is increasing for the second consecutive peacetime year, which, he adds, are the only two such increases since 1947. But such farm groups as the National Grange, the National Farmers Union, the Na- tional Milk Producers Federation and a newly organized Conference of Commodity Organiza- tions have taken issue with the secretary with regard to agriculture's economic well-being. All are demanding new programs and methods of bolstering farm prices and incomes. The only major farm organization not making such de- mands is the. American Farm Bureau Federa- tion. THE RECENT UPSET victory of William Proxmire, Democrat, in a Wisconsin Sena- torial election has been hailed by Democratic leaders as a rebuff to Benson and administra- tion farm policies. This Benson says is not true. Yet, GOP National Chairman Meade Alcoin has said his party faces a stiff fight to hold Midwest farm votes. In a somewhat similar farm economic and political environment two years ago, the ad- ministration suddenly modified its policies to embrace the soil bank program. This proposal was written into law in 1956 and funds from it were distributed among farmers before the presidential election was held in November. Democrats accused the ad- ministration of adopting the plan for political purposes. Top-ranking aides of Benson say that he plans nothing new in the way's farm program CHANNEL VIEWS: Phil Silvers Consistently Funny LETTERS to the EDITOR Bouquets .. . To The Editor: HANK YOU, John R. Pope for your great letter on "scalping," in Saturday's Daily. I agree about the landlords and merchants being the only scalpers. I went broke yesterday and won't be eating til my GI. bill check comes in November. I've a baby, and a wife; I'm trying to go to school. Since I work on Saturdays, I sold my book of foot- ball tickets for $20. That money helped pay our $95 a month rent for October. We have a living room, and a kitchen, and a "John" in our damp basement apartment. I hardly think we've cheated anyone-and would not like to be accused of lack of loyalty to my university because I sold my tick- ets. --Jonathan Logan, Grad. And Brickbats . . To The Editor: I WON TWO tickets to see The Beast with Five Fingers at the Wuerth by picking 14 out of 15 winners in The Daily's Grid Pick Contest 3 years ago. The only one I missed was once when Michigan lost. Have you ever been to a football game Mr. Pope? Have you ever noticed our conspicuous lack of cheering spirit? It has caused some people to think that what we need is coed cheerleaders. But, as I see it, Mr. Pope, what we need is you. You and the many other viruses of apathy on this By CHARLES EWELL Daily Television Writer WITH JONATHAN WINTERS gone, the only consistently funny program left on television is the Phil Silvers show. Some would maintain that nearly everything on television is funny, excepting such delights as Father Knows Best and I Love Lucy, which are trying to be; I refer, however, to conscious humor. Not only is Phil Silvers the fun- niest man on TV, but the only surviving exponent of burlesque, and the best since the prime of Groucho Marx. IT IS A PITY that burlesque has never been accorded a very full measure of respect, for there is no form of humor with a wider range of appeal. Cynical or dry wit, or whatever you choose to call it, will miss the majority of people, and the privileged enjoy it with a clever fellow-at his best when he forgets about guest star competi- tion with Ed Sullivan, and concen- trates on his congenial brand of restrained lunacy - qualifies as a part time preservator of good comedy. He is extremely fortunate in his associates, as zany a bunch as you're likely to see these days. The show has constantly improved as the mimicry of Sullivan's sorry forma, has given way to Allen and his madcaps. DINAH SHORE'S first hour show of the season pointed up the fallacy of this type of program. Everything went beautifully while Dinah was singing, but an hour re- quires a lot of padding between three or four songs, and neither she nor her guests had much to offer in the interims. Dinah and Nanette Fabray gave it their all, but Dinah's all was not enough, and Nanette's was far too much. Buffoonery by Danny of "gala showmanship," she is badly overextended. * * * The adaptation by Playhouse 90 of Robert Graves' They Hanged My Saintly Bill was entirely en- gaging. The subject of the book was a-colorful character, Dr. Wil- liam Palmer, who was suspected of poisoning thirteer of his pa tients (including his wife), to ob-, tain their insurance or cancel his debts, which, due to his addiction to gambling, were numerous. The suspicion became so strong that they hanged him, to the dis- may of his bizarre and doting mother. THE SUBJECT adapted nicely to its treatment as a morbid farce. Jack Lemmon as the doctor played it to the hilt, and if he occasion- ally overdid, he was so funny that one didn't mind. He had admirable support, most notably from Gladys Cooper as his mother and Robert I