You~
I/ *,.
Ittff
Sixty-Eighth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
one Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
il Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone No 2-3241
printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
I
1 ..
,
M
awr.:
A'
' .Y - _ .p Fysb6 i4fc
Student
U.S. with. Britain
26, 1957
* NIGHT EDITOR: JOHN WEICHER
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Robert H. Whealey is a graduate student in history
the University. He spent a year in Germany (1955) with the United States An
and, after discharge, a year at Oxford University as a student. Following is
first article of a two-part series.)
By ROBERT A. WHEALEY
FOUND the British the same as the Pennsylvanians, Germans, I
warans, Michiganders or any other people I've had the chanc
observe. In traveling, one meets the dumb and the clever, the
and the poor, the right wingers and the left. Thus, generalizations
anyone else makes about "national character" should be handled
extreme care, if not dismissed altogether.
I was neither anxious to get back to America nor anxious to r
Troops Guard the Schools,
And the World Watches
C
RONT PAGE of Tuesday's Daily
eared a small story, easily over-
the more sensational reports of
olence, pinpointing an important
events at Little Rock.
Nigeria, Africa, the story told of
onal Student Conference's strong-
nouncement of racial segregation
I States. The action preceded the
,t Little Rock but grew from simi-
ensationgd incidents around the
-.
artening to consider what people
the world are thinking and will
think when they hear of these
afe to say that the vast majority
ates citizens are repelled at huge
ing themg that soldiers are neces-
nen equal standing under law. But
imated how greatly this reaction
plied in other countries,, particu-
i Africa, the Middle East and the
fese are lands where Communists
d up a newspaper to "prove" what
to "all" of a United States minor-
ose skins happen to be a different
be majority.
these men tell their listeners the
s at one school in one city in one'
ed of the unwise judgement of a
1 an apparent lack of respect for
r is obvious. Nor will the foreigner'
resident Dwight Eisenhower said
s to the nation Tuesday, of the
iunities in our Southern states
instituted public school plans for
. . the enrollment and attendance of school
children of all races ..."
The President spoke of these efforts as hav-
ing "demonstrated to the world that we are a
nation in which laws, not men, are supreme."
But it would be silly to believe that these
efforts; numerous and successful as they may
be, have any real meaning to the illiterate or
semi-literate foreigner when placed next to
reports of school bombings and screaming mobs
of whites kicking Negroes and crying for the
Lord to save them from the plague of dark-
skinned people.
It is difficult even to expect the educated in'
foreign lands, such as the youths at the Inter-
national Student Conference, who understand
the true nature of the problem in this country
and know of the gains made, not to be some-
what impatient with that segment of our
populace that finds violence necessary to
achieve its ends.
N THAT President Eisenhower's message
seemed more directed to the world than to
Little Rock in an effort to minimize adverse
effects in other nations, it is commendable.
But we must challenge his statement that a
return to normal in Little Rock will remove "a
blot upon the fair name and high honor of our
nation in the world ..."
People in this country may be coon to
forgive and forget the tragic incidents in Little
Rock. But in other lands there will be friends
of the Soviets who will not let the people
forget; in this country there will be other
incidents to reinforce the Communists; and the.
shining image of the United States as a place
where all men are equal in the eyes of the law
will become more and more tarnished.
-DAVID TARR
4113~
joh 11
L_
""
Vp !
i5n a
_ P
('?
,. ,
-f ' , ,
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
MediterraneanWatchdogs
By DREW PEARSON
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
The Grace of umity
By WALTER LIi'PMANN,
AT WITH Little Rock, Cyprus, Algeria,
Kashmir, and so forth, the work of the
16n propagandist is not at present a
y one. It is hard to keep bright and con-
ng the image of America as the leader of
ree nations and the liberator of the cap-
For we are a long way short of having
ed to practice all that we preach. Yet we
;h incessantly .about justiee and freedom,
nd order.
home, there is the. stark fact that there
among us a caste system based on the'
o a man's skin: It mocks us and haunts
aenever we become eloquent and indignant
e United Nations. It mocks us and haunts
ien we sprinkle our speeches and writings
advice ahd warnings and exhortations..
e is no use fooling ourselves. The caste
nm in this country, particularly when as±
ttle Rock it is maintained by troops, is an
aous, indeed an almost insuperable, ob-
e to our leadership in the cause of freedom
human equality.
.,OAD, WE find ourselves caught in a
ries of dilemmas-France and the Arabs,
1 and the Arabs, Pakistan and India-
e, we are damned if we choose and damned
shrink from choosing, and where neither
native is so noble and so fine as we like
osition to be.
own view is that much of this, though not
'hole of it, is so to speak in the nature of
s, and beyond our control. It is one of the
of life that no country, which is as power-
id as rich as is the United States, can ex-
not to be feared, distrusted, envied and
y disliked. But I think also that all this
ich worse than it needs to be. It is more
ging than it would be if those who repre-
us, particularly the President and the
tary of State; displayed more of the wis-
that should direct, and of the grace that
d sweeten, the possession of great power
;rent wealth.
ere exists a remedy, though not a cure,
ae excess of our unpopularity and for the
'mal dislike that exists abroad for Mr.
s. The remedy is a strong and, for those
need it, a bitter medicine. It calls for a
ge in the moral posture which the Presi-
and Secretary Dulles 'habitually adopt
they address mankind.
Editorial Staff
PETER ECKSTEIN. Editor
IES ELSMAN, JR. VERNON NAHRGANG
ditorial Director City Editor
A HANSON.......,.........Personnel Director
1Y MORRISON..............Magazine Editor
RD GERULDSEN ...Associate Editorial Director
AM HAN Y .................Features Editor
PERLBERG ........ ....Activities Editor.
L PRINS..........Associate Personnel Director
3 BAAD. .... .. Sports Editor
E BENNETT.......... Associate Sports Editor
HILLYER ........,..Associate Sports Editor
LES CURTISS .....,...... Chief Photographer
Business Staff
,
It is a change which would require on their
part a humility, that is now lacking, about our
moral grandeur, and a new candor. For our
faults and our sins seem all the bigger when,
they are seen by the world against the exces-
sively self-righteous picture that is our official
version of ourselves.
IN. THEIR speeches and press conferences, the
President and the Secretary are too noble
about our ideals, and never humble at all about
our human, our very human, failures and
faults. This alienates, indeed enrages, those who
are by national interest our friends and allies,
at least the prouder ones among them, who do
not in the hope of favors to come, lick our
boots. ,
For with great power, which is always sus-
pect, there should go a decent humility and
there should be no pretense, no intimation, no
implied assumption, not a whisper or a nod
that we are not only stronger and richer than
our neighbors but quite a bit better.
The President himself is not an arrogant or
a proud man. But he is a naive man in that he
believes sincerely that the enunciation of moral
ideals will somehow bring about the realization
of those ideals. Ngot long ago he" came very near
to saying that It was his mission to express the
aspirations of this country, leaving it to Mr.
'Dulles to adjust those aspirations to the reali-
ties.
This is a novel conception of what it means
to be the head of a government. The net prac-
tical effect has been to make the world think
that the President preaches one thing and that
Mr. Dulles does something else.
MR. DULLES is in action a tough and real-
istic operator in the realm of expediency.
But in speech he is a moralizer, the invariable
and confident exponent of all that is righteous.
His great handicap, which might be removed
by a searching of soul, is that he lays down the
moral law without humor and humility, as
one of the righteous speaking down to the
unrighteous.
This lack of the grace of humility does not
make for affection or understanding, or even
for charity, as when in Little Rock, we, like
other nations, fall far short of our professed
ideals. It makes, rather, for a kind of unholy
satisfaction, human nature being what it is,
that we who have not been humble, have been
humiliated, and that we who have held our
heads too stiffly and too high, have stumbled
and fallen on our faces.
New Books at the Library
Burgess, Jackson - Pillar of Cloud; N.Y.,
Putnam, 1957.
Castelot, Andre --Queen of France ... Marie
Antoinette; N.Y., Harper, 1957.
Chiang Kai-shek - Soviet Russia in China;
N.Y., Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1957.
Cook, J. Gordan-The Fight for Food; N. Y.,
Dial, 1957.
ABOARD the USS Salem, flag-
ship Sixth Fleet-There was a
day, shortly after the first Bikini
bomb test, when the strategists
figured that navies were outdated
and that Uncle Sam's fleet would
sail the seven seas no more.,
Today, just the opposite is true.
With Moscow well, ahead of the
British as the second navy in the
world, and with a submarine fleet
far bigger than ours, the U.S. Navy
has become more important than
ever.
Flying ever the Sixth Fleet, fan-
nec out in the blue waters of the,
Mediterranean, watching both,
fighters and bombers take off from
the deck of the Franklin Roose-
velt every few minutes in practice
maneuvers toward satellite coun-
tries, you get a sense of security
and can understand why our Med-
iterranean allies appreciate its
presence.
VARIOUS GREEK, Turkish and
Israeli officials expressed to me
their satisfaction over the Sixth
Fleet. 'The Governor of Rhodes
even remarked that two visits per
year by part of the fleet balanced
the island's economy. In Athens,
I noted that the arrival of seven
American ships was greeted en-
thusiastically.
To see how the fleet really oper-
ates, however, I flew first aboard
the carrier Roosevelt, then the
flagship USS Salem, 21,000-ton
cruiser which juts up out of the
Mediterranean like a traveling
Rock of Gibraltar.
The fleet's personnel werebusy
preparing for a unique and highly
important NATO maneuver on the
Turkish coast-namely, -the Mar-
ine landing by both helicopter and
small boat.
For this maneuver, NATO com-
manders picked Saros Bay, a thin
finger of water in European Tur-
key just a few miles from Greece.
This is one of the most strategic
spots in the world. Directly across
to the south - the Dardanelles,
whose beaches still bear the
bleached bones of British ships,
remnants of Churchill's and Lord
Kitchener's tragic Gallipoli land-
ing where thousands of British
troops lost their lives trying to
storm Turkey in World War I.
A few miles away to the north,
Alexander the Great marched his
legions to conquer the Pesians.
Further-south, the Crusaders from
France and England stormed Mos-
lem shores in a 100-year effort to
take the holy places of Christ away
from the infidels.
e* . *
THIS IS the crossroads of East
.and West.
It is the crossroads which Russia
must take to dominate the Medi-
terannean, which the czars coveted
for 100 years and which present
rulers of the Kremlin -not only
covet, but seem determined 'to
dominate.
Already the Soviet has three
potential submarine bases - Al-
bania, Egypt, and Syria-and the
fleet recently sighted a Russian
cruiser-destroyer force en route
from Albania to Syria. When
hailed by the Salem, the Russian
ships didn't return the courtesy of
Spirit
TT'S GOOD to see that our armed
forces have lost none of the
spirit of competition. The Navy is
engaging in a sporting race to see
whether it can put its ships in
mottballs faster than the ship-
builders can build them.
--Cleveland Plain Dealer
the sea. Three Russian subs, at-
tached to the Egyptian fleet, are
one more than the subs in the
Sixth Fleet. I
Further north, in the Black Sea,
Russia has three times the naval
strength of the Sixth Fleet. Just
why she keeps it bottled in the
Black Sea remains a mystery.
Janes "Fighting Ship's" also lists
Russia as having 20 15,000-ton.
cruisers of the Swerdlov class, all
newer than the Salem, plus seven
heavy cruisers, plus excellent new
destroyers and over 500 submar-
ines, mostly new.
For the first time since the war,
Russian ships have been venturing
from the Baltic and Black Seas
and cruising in the Mediterranean
and Atlantic. In brief, the Russian'
Navy is now breaking out of its'
cocoon.
IN SAROS BAY, therefore, a
strategic neck of old Europe not,
far from the Russian Black Sea
fleet, 8,000 Marines and 75 United
Stat9s vessels will stage the first
"--full helicopter amphibious landing
ever seen in Eurore.
At Tarawa in World'War II, 200
Marine were lost in rough seas.,
Heavy shelling by Japanese shore
batteries at Iwo Jima caused more
marines to be lost in a desperate
hand-to-hand struggle for the
beachhead.
But in this operation, helicop-
ters will fly 1,000 Marines, eight
men pr helicopter, over the heads
of the enemy to attack from the
rear, while other Maines attack
from landing boats. Turkish Army
support will be given, from land.
The maneuver will be warced by
NATO allies, and unofficially, but
probably with greater curiosity,
by Russians from a distance of the,
Black Sea.
(Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate Inc.)
remained in England. There are
country. Some of the things I
liked about Britain were:
(1) The government operates
BBC. There are three classes of
programs (Light, Home Service
and The Third Programme) for
people with varying intellectual
interests. Thus the Third Pro-
gramme, for the high-brows, will
broadcast university lectures on
the Hittites or Plekhanov.
In the United States, because
the advertisers want to sell more
soap and the politicians want
more offices, we have all Light Pro-
grammes pitched 'to a heterogen-
eous audience. The quality of U.
S. radio, despite its great variety
of stations, is thus mediocre.
(2) I also'liked the quality of
the British press. Actually, there
are only two daily papers worth
reading in either country: The
New York Times and the Christian
Science Monitor (even if you are
not a Christian nor a scientist) in
the United States; The London
Daily Times and the Manchester
Guardian, in England This ex-
cludes The Michigan Daily, which
is best for local coverage.
The two American papers are
better for detailed quantity re-
porting, but the two British papers
are better written and . more ac-
curate. This condusion of mine
depends, howeveit, upon the sub-
ject to some extent. American re-
porters do a better job on Latin
America and Japan. TheBritish
are better on /India and Africa.
(The Times supports Pakistan; the
Guardian, India).
But in general, the British papers
and weekly newspaper-magazines
are better in my opinion. The
Times Literary Supplement, the
New Statesman, The Economist,
and the Observer score over the
Nation, New Republic, Atlantic,
Harpers or the Saturday Review of
Literature.
Whet I disliked most hi England
were the heating arrangements,
lack of business efficiency, rain,
some of the foods and various
other minor irritations.
I have two pet peeves. One was
to go into a store, buy three items
.and be handed them loose. The
British can't afford paper bags.
My second major gripe was the
practically-curfew hours kept by
Bitish establishments.
Drug stores close at 5 p.m. Last
movie 7 p.m.; last bus 10:30 p.m.;
street lights out at midnight. This
was a city of over 100,000 half-way
between London and Birmingham,
the two largest cities in England,
roTi hillbilly country. As a country
to. live in permanently, I found
it imr.osible. I was born on the
wrong side of the tracks. Wages
are low, prces are relatively high
and opportunity limited.
(Tomorrow: comparing American
and British educational systems.)
INTERPRETING:
Global
Judg9emen t
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the Univer-
sity of Michigan for which thes
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 .m. the day precding
publication. Notices forSunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1957
VOL. LXIlI, NO. 8
General Notices
Regents' Meeting: Fri., Oct. 18.. Coni
munications for consideration at thi
meeting must be in the President'
hands not later than Oct. 9.
Marshall Scholarships at British Uni
versities have been announced for 1958
59. Twelve awards ae offered ever
year to American graduates, men an
women under the ag of 28 The chol
arships are tenable for two years an
'each has an annual value of 55
pounds, with an extra 200 pounds fe
married men. The deadline for filn
applications is Oct. 31. More informa
tion may be obtained from the Offic
of the Graduate School.
THE'FORD FOUNDATION is offer
ing fellowships for the academic yea
1958-59 for study and research on fox
eign areas and foreign affairs. Fellow
ships are available to college seniors
graduate students, young faculty mein
bers, and interested persons .w hay
already received their doctorate.A
plicants should be under 40 years c
age. Persons in the fields of law, so
cial scienco, humanities, and Inter
nationalrelations are invited to ap
ply. Work should pertain t Afric
Asia, the Near East, the Soviet Uior
or Eastern Europe. Study and researc:
may be undertaken, in theUnt
States or abroad beginning as early
the summer of 1958.
Applications must be filed by Noi
1, 1957. Details about the fellowship
may be obtained in the Offices of t
Graduate School. For applicalon
write to the Ford Foundation,44
r Madison Avenue, New York 22, Ne
York.
The fllowing student sponsored o
cial events are approved for the corn
ing week-end. Social chairmen are re
minded that requests for approval fo
social evets are due inthe Office of
Student Affairs not aer than 12:0
noon on the Tuesday prior to th
event.
Sept. 27: Kelsey, Mosher.
Sept. 28: Allen Rumsey, Alpha Delt0
Phi, Alpha Kappa Alpha, Alpha Sigmn
Phi, Alpha Tau Omega, Chi Phi, Delt
Chi, Delta Sigma Delta, Delta Tau Del
ta, Delta Theta Phi, F. F. Fratornitl
Fletcher Hal, Gomberg, Graduate at
dent Council, Haven-Taylor, Huber In
ternational, Students Association, Kap
pa Sigma, Lambda Chi Alpha, Nu Si
ma, Nu~, Phi Epsilon P, Phi Gamin
Delta, PhiDelta Phi, Phi KappamT
Phi Kappa Sigma, Phi Rho Sigma;. Pi
Upsilon, Reeves, Scott House, Signi
Alpha Epsilon, Sigma Alpha Mu, Sigi
Phi, Strauss, Taylor, Theta gi, Va:
Tyne.
sept. 29: Phi Delta Ph.
Concerts
Carillon Recital by Sidney Giles, Aa
sistant University Carillonneur, 7:1
p.m. this evening. Three' *compos
tions by Giles: Prelude No. 1, Minus
and Trio, and Ganutte; Gondoliera, '
B. J. Franssen;..Suite for Carillon b
Staf Nees; three compositions arrange
for the carillon by Sidney Giles: Son
of India, Home to our Mountains, an
Largo, from Dvorak's New orld Sy
phony.
Academic Notices
Doctoral Candidates who expec t
receive degrees in Feb, 1957, must ha
at least three bound .copies of thel
dissertations in the office of the GraI
uate School by Fri., Dec. 13 The reo
of .the doctoral committee on the fin*l
oral examination must be filed wit
the Recorder of the Graduate Schoc
together with two copies of the thesli
which is ready In all respets for pub
lication, not later than Mon., Jan. 1;
History Make-up Examinations Wi
be held Sat., Oct. 5, 9-12 a.m. in Row
429, Mason Hall. Please consult yot
instructor and then. sign the listi
the History Office, 301 Haven Hall,
Preliminary Ph.D Examination1 i
Economics: Theory examinations wi
be given on Thurs and Fri., Oct. ,3
and Nov. 1. Examinations in othi
subjects will be given beginnIng o
Mon., Nov. 4. Each student planning't
take these examinations should leai
with the "secretary of the Department
of Economics not later than Oct. 17
his name, the three fields in which h4
desires to be examined, and his field o
specialization.
The Extension Service announces h
following classes to be held in An
Arbor beginning Thurs., Sept. 26:
Introduction to Mathematical Con.
cepts. 7:30 p.m. (Mathematics la, tw
hours of undergraduate 'credit) 171
School of Business Administration. Si
teen weeks. $27.00. Professor Gail. 1
Young, Jr., instructor.
Oil Painting, Beginning, Intermediat
and Advanced. 7:30 p.m. 501 Archite<
ture Bldg. Sixteen weeks. $27.00. Prc
fessor Frede Vidar,sInstructor.
Fundamentals -of Speaking, 7:30 p.m
good and bad points about
BUSINESS DEALS, EMPLOYEES:
Hoffa Talks About Money, Honesty
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the last
in a series of 'articles on Teamster
vice-president James Hoffa. Today's
installment completes an interview
begun yesterday.)
By SAUL PETT
Associated Press Writer,
LIKE SOME 40 other Teamster
officers and business agents in
Detroit, James Hoffa drives a big
black Cadillac provided by the
Union. Why a Cadillac? Because,
he has said, they're economical on
gas and have a good resale value.
But outside the Cadillac, Hoffa
Is known to live simply. He wears
$50 suits. He lives with his wife,
whom he met on a picket line, and
their two children in a small, six-
room house that cost $6,800 in
1938. His union salary is $21,000,
but people who know him say
Hoffa lives like a man earning half
that.
- *
Q. IT LOOHkS like you live well
within your salary. Why then the
big outside investments?
A. A man with a family would
be a fool not to prepare for their
future security. Especially if he's
in an elective position, where he
could run into an occupational
thing to interfere with your union
work. And the good contracts I've
gotten for my members are the
best answer to that'..
Loans? Look, if I know a man
20 years and I wanted to borrow
some money, who else would I go
to? I go to the guys I know re-
gardless of what their position is,
Q. If 'John Foster Dulles, as a
lawyer represented oil people with
interests in Arabia, and, as Secre-
tary of State, negotiated treaties
with the Arabs, wouldn't you see
a conflict of interest in that?
A. It's a mtter of opinion.
Anybody who's honest is subject
to criticism, Die you ever notice
that the dishonest ones are less
subject to criticism?' They got to
get caught first . . . Look, I bor-
rowed money. But those loans
weren't made under a rug, there
was no attempt to hide them . .
It's all a question of whether
you're honest or dishonest.
Q. DON'T YOU think you put
your union in an awkward public
position, to say the least, by hiring
men with known police records?
A. Where? Who? There's a guy
; ~ mm..,.,..I- -,-1 . -- - -_
a Florida murder, came to Min-
neapolis and was hired as a Team-
ster organizer. Later, he was con-
victed of taking a bribe from an
employer.
A. What about him? I didn't
hire him originally. But pending
his trial I and a committee-all
right, I'll take the responsibility'
for that-recommended that he
stay in the job until his trial was
over. When he was found guilty,
he was immediately removed.
Q. What about your dealings
with Johnny Dio? Dio's latest sen-
tence was two years for conspiracy
and bribery. He also fa-- -trials on
charges of income-tax evasion, ex-
tortion and conspiracy to obstruct
justice in the acid-blinding of Vic-
tor Riesel, labor columnist.
*. * *
A. TELL ME THIS. How do
you get the cabs out of the UAW
and ;nto the Teamsters if Dio has
the cabs? You got to deal with
them to the point where it's to the
union's advantage.
Q. I un, rstand you gave a
lecture at Harvard last year on the
trucking industry. Were you ner-
vous?
A: 'Nn ,Tf: w',va nn 'rfRrpnthan
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
F YOV' ARE talking with a man
from Asia, Africa or parts of
Latin America, you will sooner or.
later get around to the topic of
racial relations in the United
States.
Hindus who are still trying to
slough off the effects of a most
rigid caste system are no more
understanding than the others.
The United States was a founder
of the United Nations, whose char-
ter proclaims this spirit "without
regard for race, sex, language and
religion."
If this motive is so strong in
American history, ask the peoples
of color why is there such trouble
over the Negro.
Nearly all of them approach the
question from the same angle, ex-
ploitation.
* * *
MANY OF THEM bring it up
deliberately in discussing why a
large part of the world gives Com-
munists at least a hearing. For the
Communists make much of this tag
of exploitation. But most foreign-
ers don't even know they have.
swallowed the Communist line..
Explanations about 'the special
factors which enter into relations
between the white and black races
in the United States make little
or no impression. To them, Amer-
ica presents herself before the
world as the land of economic and