I 4r 0 Dtgu ally Sixty-Eighth Year, EDITED '&ND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Are Free +wv41l Printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. 22, 1958 NIGHT EDITOR: MICHAEL KRAFT The Determined Course' Of Events in Cuba ['UATION in Cuba is," as former resident GuilIerno Pujol puts it, it it is going to get a lot more tragic ets better, for the regime of Ful- sta is like a Ferrari in last month's, to race in Havana: the driving Is .e reckless and Fidel Castro's men i on all the curves. Sooner or later it is going to crack up "his car, but bans, many innocent, some not so e going to die. )p other than the violent .overthrow eems possible; he is resorting to ever :rial methods and as a result oppo- . Only two things are keeping his. me inA power: the unity of the ex- th his country's small army and- - of those who oppose him. sition consists of two extremes and h lie between. Most obvious are the nb-planting forces of Castro, which teen months ago and haye harassed since. Castro is young, as are most and he has' been accused of leftist . Yet among the lower class of Cuba, - . backbone of Batista's support at Is becoming' more and more popu- MONDAY THE OTHER extreme, businessmen and clergy who could generally be expected to be sharply conservative, called on Batista to resign now and avoid bloodshed. Much of the blood, however, is shed by Castro, who also burns sugarcane and two groups seem to share only dislike for the president. Between the two are the rival political fac- tions of former presidents Carlos Prio Socarras and Ramon Grau San Martin, neithe- of whom would, be gxpected to concede to the other if a free election were to be held. But not a day goes by when Cuba is not in the news, whether Castro men rob a bank and, burn all checks, or Batista suspends civil liber- ties. There seems nothing the calmer heads in Cuba can'! do to check the bloodbath which becomes more and more a reality, nor does any course of action present itself to interested outsiders. U.S. capital invested in Cuba, this country is interested in Cuba as a neighbor and ally, and many Americans are concerned with the rights and lives of the Cuban people. But we can only watch while the car careens ever more wildly. --THOMAS TURNER "You Know, Lewis, I Think I Do Detect Some Blasts" " i a $,.,M 4 TES A- ,n LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Limiting Freedom To Preserve It AT TH Mark of the Hawk'.- Study in Race Relations E'MAIK OF THE HAWK," now holding forth at the Campus Theatre, is rather a unique film. It is basically a story of racial conflict, but one that Is made palatable by its objectivity and by the fact that it incorporates some good drama in the course of providing a close and realistic look at race relations in an unnamed African colony. Sidney Poitier offers a convincing portrayal of Ombu, a Negro labor leader, who is torn between apparently fruitless peaceful efforts 'to win some measure of economic, political, and social equality for his people, and more direct and violent means to the same end. In his struggle with himself, Ombu(The Hawk) is being pulled from both sides. Allied against him onone side is a segment of his own union, including his brother, which is bent on driving out the white man by terrorism and violence. On the other side stand most of Ombu's white friends and associates on the governing council, and the cooler heads among the natives, led by an African Christian minister (Juana Hernandez). Standing by through it all are his devoted wife (Eartha Kitt) and a newly-arrived American minister, who ultimately leads Ombu to his decision for peaceful evolution rather than revolution. The symbol of Ombu's union is a hawk (hence the title). Complica- tions arise, however, because the terrorists have chosen to adopt the hawk 'as the symbol of their movement as well, and this puts Ombu under a cloud of suspicion on the part of the whites. The movie is novel in it's approach to the problem of race relations and the conflict between a white minority dominating a colored majority in that it does not take sides. There are heroes and heels on both sides. The native terrorists find their counterparts among the whites in a group of violent white supremists, led by a man named Gregory who sees force as the only means of rectifying the "mistake" his race has made in educating their "inferiors," and proceeds to take the law into his own hands td beat down the insurgents. Very prominent--indeed, the unifying factor-in the struggle to bring a peaceful end to the conflict is the Christian church. The Church has been the leader in bringing the natives out of their tribal supersti- tions into the light of civilization, and a good part of the film is devoted to the efforts of the Church, in the persons of Craig, the American minister, and a wise and devout native minister, to perpetuate the good already wrought and stave off the threatening revolution. Though Craig is killed during a terrorist attack on a fortified European estate, his efforts are finally rewarded when Ombu comes to realize that "we are not alone," that he and his people are "brothers under the skin" with all Christians everywhere, by virtue of their com- mon faith in Christ. --Edward Geruldsen ' DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN [PUS: RPRETING THE NEWS; Cre Summit: lysi By WILLIAM ,. RYAN Associatog Press Foreign News Analyst LIMMIT CON1i'ERENCE is both a risk and Aecessity for the Kremlin There are tps 'now for significant Western gains in r meeting of government chiefs-but not a neeting on Soviet terms. It would have a no-holds-barred meeting, free from the I restrictions Moscow has tried to impose. erican gains would depend upon the skill, nation, and daring of Western statesmen i In on the Olympian poker game against ponent noted for his ability to bluff. But ssins exposed their hand. By laying patently impossible terms for a prelimi- aoreign ministers' meeting, they un- Lgly strengthened the American position. let Foreign Minister Andrei' Gromyko i the Soviet position: a foreign ministers' rwtory mneeting could be called only when imit date already had been agreed upon. uld consi er a summit agenda limited to ,ts both ides wanted to discuss. Thus, em incould veto any subject it didn't oktlk'about.' t WOULb MEAN the summit meeting uld be restricted even more than the last 'CGeneva in 1955. Those limitations had y hampered the We't. The agenda then down to four points: German reunifica- European security, 'Disarmament, and ttment of East-West trade and cultural ets. Russiazis refused to discuss the status of satellite countries or the role of inter- al communism in world tensions. For irt, the West refused to discuss Red 's claims or the Western ban on strategic for communist states. s time the Russians indicate refusal to rs even the German question. The con- e thus would be limited to the main ganda planks of Moscow's world political &Ve: an immediate ban on nuclear weap- ithout regard or safeguards against vio- ; an atom-free zone in Europe, tied in he smanting' of bases and withdrawal ops, and extension of trade relations. cow appears to need both peace and the of war: the former for continued eco- development, the latter to excuse in- reasures insuring the authority of a ruigclique. A growing disease in world unism seems responsible. axed international tensions would be more to hurt than help the Communist cause. >hiosophy thrives on turmoil. The more ul the atmosphere, the more danger of fing the movement. Why, then, the Mos-'. lamor for a summit meeting? OF THE NOST important fpctors seems "a Communist thirst for expanded trade, alarly in strategic goods now under ban. er is an eagerness to weaken the West's nilitant posture against Red imperialism. with the "Geneva spirit" conference three ago, the Russians seek to build popular res against allied bases: If communism is ve in any direction, the deterrent bases to go. Extension to Europe of oriental Editorial Staff PETER ECKSTEIN Editor S ELSMAN, JR.VERNON NAHRGANG ditorial Director City Editor ideas of neutralism thus would be a Kremlin goal. The West might profit from the Geneva experience. There were gains and losses on both sides. The 1955 meeting developed from Western initiative dating to 1953, when Winston Churchill, then Britain's Prime Minister pro- posed a top-level parley. Moscow parried. When the West renewed the bid in 1955, Soviet Pre- mier Bulganin announced a "positive" attitude. The meeting was arranged quickly. The meeting accomplished little tangible for peace. A few months later, Soviet instrusions in the Middle East heightened world tension. R A BRIEF PERIOD the United States enjoyed the appearance of victory in the smiles duel. President Eisenhower shook the Russians with his "open skies" proposal for mutual aerial inspections as an earnest measure of peaceful intent. The proposal stole the show. After the conference, Moscow first rejected the Eisenhower plan. Then, obviously fearing bad propaganda, Moscow retreated and said it was still "'considering" the proposal. Nothing came of it. Besides losing a propaganda round, the Rus- sians found Geneva had stirred new dissension at high Communist levels, eventually leading to the purges of Red Boss Nikita Khrushchev's chief rivals. All this came from Western initiative in action. But failure to follow it 'up let the initiative slip away. Once Khrushchev solved his internal problems, Moscow turned with vigor to the uncommitted world.' Thereafter, American suspicion of all Soviet advances maneu'ered Washington into a posi- tion of saying "no" to every proposal. Subse- quent abrasions of Allied relations -and propa- ganda defeats elsewhere added up to a net American loss from Geneva. Geneva did' nothing to break deadlocks. The Russians, however, seemed to achieve some acceptance of their peaceful intentions. Now, however, the Russians .themselves, by their proposed restrictions on a new summit meeting, have raised doubts about their sin- cerity. Western insistence now upon dragging all issues into the bright glare of world publicity would place squarely upon the Russians the burden of accepting or rejecting a 'summit conference on the only terms offering any real chance to examine causes of global tension. The Many Fruits Of Power Diplomacy IF WE CAN believe Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba's recent speech, those of us who regret that the United States pampers its NATO allies-especially France-can be heart- ened. His conciliatory tone was far different than when he recently gave the United States an ultimatum of siding with the Tunisians or losing the loyalty of them in their struggle against French encroachments of Tunisian sovereignty. He conceded that French troops were withdrawing not because of Tunisian military pressure but because the United States and the British had applied firm and quiet pressure on the French. These were his words: ". . . today I am glad to express our thanks for the role played by the Western powers in the crisis we are passing through," He further remarked that cooperation with the West ". . . constitutes a safeguard of our independence and territorial Dilemma ... * To the Editor: -MISSSUSAN Holtzer's editorial on miy talk, "Democracy's Dilemma: Freedom to Destroy Freedom?" given before the Grad- uate Round Table of Political Science, February 27th, has just come to my notice. As her comments reveal a num- ber of popular misconceptions often found in the thinking of traditional liberals, I should like to make the following reply. I argued, among other things, that a totalitarian party, whether Communist or Fascist, has no moral right to exist in a demo- cratic state, on the ground that it would use freedom for the pur- ,pose of destroying it; and thus the problem of Pow to treat it turns on expediency, depending on time, place, and circumstance. * * * I ALSO argued that in view of the fact that a totalitarian party is not primarily a bona fide party (one committed to peaceful change and the maintenance of freedom for the opposition), but is basically a conspiratorial organization, the problem is not essentially 'one of freedom of speech', anymore than is the problem of a gang of black- mailers or the Mafia. The problem is how best to render innocuous a revolutionary organization bent on replacing democracy with dictator- ship. Miss Holtzer took issue with my position. May I suggest that her argument involves three basic mis- conceptions: the nature of a (1) right, (2) democracy, and (3) Communist rule. She maintains that a Com- munist Party must have the right of free association, because "a, right cannot be withheld; it is by definition innate, automatic, some- thing taken for granted because it is always there." But rights are frequently withheld, and justifiably so. A man who violates the right to property of another and goes to jail has his right to freedom of movement withheld. A man who makes an (inflammatory speech, inciting to riot, is stopped by the police, and for the time being his speech is withheld. In a democ- racy, men enjoy many rights, and often one comes into conflict with another, with the result that one is limited or withheld. * * * MISS HOLTZER says that a right- is "something taken for granted because it is always there," but a little later she argues that if a majority should want a Communist government, it should have the right to do so, whatever the consequences. But this places Miss Holtzer in contradiction, for the consequences of a Communist victory is to establish dictatorship, and to extinguish democratic rights which are always there. I suggest that a right is a condi- tion essential to the common wel- fare, and is a twofold idea, in- volving a claim and a duty. A man, for example, has a right to freedom of religious worship, but only on the ground that he recog- nizes the same condition for from Rousseau, is contrary to fact and self-defeating in theory. The history of democracy where it has been maintained over the years shows that no particular majority can be' considered final (apart from the one to maintain democracy), but must be open to reconsideration. When the British Parliament, for example, voted to nationalize railroads, it reversed a former stand, just as it did when it rejected Chamberlain's policy of appeasement of Hitler and put Churchill into office. The' Congress of the United States reversed a former policy when it voted for a large military budget during peace time. . * * * THAT THE WILL of the ma- jority ought always to prevail is self-defeating in theory, for this doctrine can be invoked to justify the destruction of democracy. If a majority should vote for com- munism,, as Miss Holtzer suggests, obviously democracy no longer exists, and the free society is dead. It is preposterous to hold that the decisive principle of democracy is one that can be used to eliminate it. It may be appropriate to recall that John Stuart Mill, in writing of a man who sells himself into slavery, held that "the principle of freedom cannot require that he should be free not to be free." The doctrine of absolute ma- jority rule can also be used to impede the aspirations of democ- racy. This may be seen in the states of the deep South where a majority of Southerners are veheL mently opposed to the desegrega- tion of the schools. On the basis of the absolute majority doctrine, the Negroes must accept their fate, irrespective of consequences. Surely the goals of democracy are not realized by denying equal rights to colored men. , *' * * i AS-WALTER Lippmann has put it, the case for majority rule is that another majority can follow. Only by providing for the contin-, uation of majorities can men hope to remain free. Democracy is the form of government in which the peple are able to choose freely their rulers not only today, but also tomorrow. Miss Holtzer attempts to sup- port her position by quoting Jef- ferson out- of context. If she will read further in the Declaration of Independence, she will see that Jefferson justifies the right of the people to alter or abolish a. form of government only if it is destruc- tive of the inalienable rights, as he puts it, of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. He justifies such action only "when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same ob- ject evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism v . . and he has in mind the tyranny exercized by Britain over the colonies, not a democracy where a government derives "their just powers from the consent of the governed." PERHAPS the most astonishing passage in Miss Holtzer's editorial is the one in which she says, given World War Communist parties do not . achieve power as a result of majority decision, any more than do Fascist, but as conspiratorial organizations, which are permitted to infiltrate social, economic, and governmental institutions, gaining key positions; and then engineer- ing a coup d'etat when historical conditions are favorable to revolu- tion, such as in the aftermath of war. Committed as they are to the force theory of the state, Com- munists interpret the maintenance of rights as sheer capitalist hypo- crisy, yet useful to their own revo- lutionary designs. May I suggest that Miss Holtzer is able to dismiss the Communist threat so easily because she does not take into account the nature of its rule. Wherever it has been instituted, it has been character- ized by terror and brutality; and it ever aims to enompass those outside its control. Surely the slaughter in Hungary by Soviet tanks and firing squads was some- thing more than the culmination of a threat becoming another pos- sibility. -Benjamin E. Lippincott Professor of Political Science University of Minnesota Critters . .' To the Editor: I'M NOT the type that complains very often, but something should be done about sanitation in East Quad. I'm willing to let pass such mi- nor inconveniences as our show- ers, which run hot and cold, but never at that comfortable point between freezing . and scalding. And I didn't complain about oc- casional encrusted food on the Quad silverware, or long hairs mixed in with the spaghetti. For the second time this year, however, we have been invaded by cockroaches. Dampness brings them out, say the old timers.'Well, we can't control the weather, and I admit that one can become used to the mangy little critters, which creep out of the drain pipes and tickle one's feet in the shower. Trouble is, they crawl under the bathroom door, into the hall, and eventually into my room. If the cockroaches would stay on the floor, that would be okay, because they'd eat the dirt that the maids fail to sweep up on Monday morn- ing. BUT I DON'T LIKE THEM BUGS IN MY BED. -Arthur S. Bechhoefer, '58 Books .. To the Editor: FROM TIME to time, research workers at the Clements Li- brary from other universities have remarked on the large stocks of books to be found in our book stores. Since they came from sim- ilar university communities, I have asked them whytheir book stores were not as fully stocked. Invariably the answer has been: "Well, we have a college book store." When pressed for an exolana- The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the Univer- sity of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no edi- torial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3519 Administration Build- ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday. SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1958 VOL. LXVIII, NO. 124, General Notices Late Permfisslon: Women students who'attended the Burton Holmes Travelogue on Thurs., March 20, had late permission until 11:00 p.m.. Riding Club. Organizational meet- ing Mon., March 24 in the WAB at 5:10 p.m. Open to all students with or with- out previous riding experience. Trail rides, etc. Gallery Program: The Book Fair for Children and Young Peoplew- 1958. An exhibit in observance of National Li- brary Week. March 21-22, 24-29. Rack-, harm Building,. Mezzanine floor. Mon., March 24, 'Ojibway Drums." Mrs. Marian Magoon at 4:15 p.m. and "For Time to Keep" Mr. L. LaMont Okey at 7 :00 p.m. Senior Board. Undergraduate seniors: Graduation Announcement orders to be taken- March 24-April 2, April 14-16; first floor Admin. Bldg., 12:30-4:30 p.m. National Percentiles AICPA Achieve- ment ,Test. Those students who took the Accounting Achievement Test as part of BA 12 (Econ. 72) Accounting last semester may pick up their Na- tional Percentile grades at the Bus. Admnin. Office, Room 150 BA Bldg. Lectures Astronomical, C 0110 qau i urm. Mon., March 24, 4:15 p.m., the Observatory., Mr. "William E. Howard III will speak on "A 21-cm Study of the OB Associa- tion I Lacertae." The Program in Near Eastern Studies will sponsor a lecture by Mr. William Yates, M.P. (Conservative) on "The Algerian 'Crisis" Mon., March 24, 4:15 p.m. E. Conference Rm, Rackham Bldg. The Aeronautical Engineering Depart- ment presents Mr. J. E. Densmore, Chief of Mechanical System, Engineer- Ing Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology on Mon., Mardh 24, 8:00 p.m., Rackham Amphitheater.. Lecture: "The U.S. Sat- elliteExplorer." Movie: "X Minusg80 Days." (shows 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages of rocket' being made.) Campus Workshop on Religions. 12:45 p.m. Registration in Aud. A, Angell Hall followed by speakers representing Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Hin- duism, and Islam. 3:45 p.m.: Question and aiswer period with speakers rep- resenting each religion in separate roons on the third floor of the Mich- igan Union. 7:30 p.m.: Inter-religious seminars with student leaders( to dis- cuss "Religion - A Guide to Better Human Relationships?" Union Ball- room. Concerts Guest Organist: Mr. Andre Merineau will perform .in a recital at Hill Aud. on Mon., March 24 at 8:30 p.m. His pro- gram, will, include compositions by CouperlA, Bach, Franck and Reger. Open to the general public without charge. A cademic Notices Anatomy Seminar: Dr. John Buett- ner-'Janusch, Dept. of Anthropology, on "The Relation of DNA in Spermatozoa, the Sex Chromatin Body and Human Fertility." Mon., March 24, 4:00, p.m., Room 2501 E. Med. Bldg. Coffee will be served one-half hour before each seminar in Room 3502 B. Med. Bldg. 4 e .._ -4M- !''l..tn l4e. a _ . !.Rs. lcan Literature, 1660-1790, Sat., April 19; 1790-1870, Tues., April 22; and 1870- 1950, Sat., April 26. The, exama will be given 'at, the Bus. Admin. Bldg. in Bin.. 268 from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon. Placement Noices' Personnel Interviews Representatives from the following will be interviewing at the Bureau of Appointments: Mon., March 24 UARCO, Inc., Chicago, 111. Locatio of work - Factories: Chicago, Ill.; -a- land, Calif.; Cleveland, Ohio Deep Ri- er, Conn.; Watseka,, Il.;. and Pari, Texas. Sales Districts in principal tities in the U.S. Men with B.A. in Liberal Arts or B.B.A. for Sales Representatives. Triin s through ndcrnationa ta products, mandsales technique is pro- vided in primary and advanced schoole and, seminars, conducted by a full-time staff. Seminars are supplemen hDi practice in field selling with the Di-. trict Manager providing personal coach. ig Consolidated Edison Co. of N.Y., In. New York, N.Y. Location of work - New York City, N.Y. Men with B.A. of M.A. in Liberal Arts. .B.A. or WM3BA.,. for Training Program leading to po- sition in Sales, Personnel,, Industrial Relations, Purchasing, Stores, Adverti- ing- and Public Relations. A balanced two year on-the-job training program to,provide basic experience and knowl- edge In two or three specific element°# of the business and in the profession. of your choice. Actual work assign- ments of from six months toone year; each to provide a fuler understandng of their operation and to test trainees' abilities. U. s. Treasury Department,,Internal Revenue Service, Detrot, Michigan.- cation of work - Anywhere in the U;8. Men with any degree and eligibiity i. Federal Service Entrance Examination.' or planning to take theexaination.°! for Revenue Officers. The work entails calling on taxpayers from the individu" al wage earner to the large commer- cial enterprises and other similar du- ties. Tues., March 25 Moore Business Forms, Inc., Niagara Falls,.N.Y. Location of work - Plait. Toronto, Ontario, Buffalo, NA.; Niag- ara Falls, N.Y.; Sales offices in all the principal cities of the U.S. and Canada. Men with B.A. in Liberal Arts, .B.A. or ,M.B.A. for Sales. The new salesman is assigned to a District Office for an integrated on-the-job training pro- gram for approximately six months and then he attends a series of seminareat the home office location. The trainee then returns to his district office for additional training. Wayne County Bureau of Social Aid, Detrot, Michigan. Location' of work- Wayne County. Men and women. with B.A. in Sociology or social Sciences or M.A. in Social Work for Social Worker,. A Michigan' Civil Service Examinatopn: will be necessary for this postion but may be taken after the interview. Preston Laboratories, Inc., Butler, Pennsylvania. Location of work -But- ler, Pennsylvania (near Pittsburg).z Men with B.S., M.S., Ph.D. in Solid State, Classical and Engineering Phys- les for Research Department of the Labs. The work involves the elastic strength properties of glass, including basic studies of the character of the strength and the various physical and chemial factors which determine It. Fidelity 'Mutual Life Insurance Com- % pany, Detroit, Mich. Location of work- Detroit, Mich. Men with B.A. in Liberal Arts, B.B.A. or L.L.B. for Sales. Wed., "March 26 General Foods Corporation, White Plains, N.Y. Location of work-Atlantic Gelatin -- Massachusetts; Birds Eyel Divisions -- Arkansas, California, Flo- rida, Idaho, Maine, Maryland, Massa- chusetts, Minnesota, New York,Oregon, Washington, and New York; Direley's Division - California Carton & Con- tainer - Battle Creek, Michigan Elec- tricooker Divisions - New York and Virginia; Research Center - Tarry- town, New York. Jell-o Divisions - Il- linois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michi- gan, Nw Jersey, New York, and Ore- gon. Maxwell House Divisions - Calif- ornia, Florida, New Jersey and Texas. Perkins Divisions- Chicago, fllinos; :U