WO itySgant Yailyr
Sixt y-Seventh Year

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"Next"

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"When Opinions Are Pr s
Trut Will Prevail"

EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241

Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
THURSDAY, MAY 23, 1957 NIGHT EDITOR: JOHN WEICHER

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KLANSMEN ARMED:
KKK Activity Flares
At Alabama U'
By BARBARA NEUMAN
SEGREGATION-INTEGRATION problems at the University of Ala-
bama seemed to have disappeared last year after riots which
accompanied its admission and expulsion of Negro coed Autherine Lucy
died down.
The expulsion, which appeared to be the final closing of University
doors to all thoughts of integration, was the basis for formation of the
University's Open Forum.
Organized to promote open, unbiased and thorough discussion of
current topics of interest to students and faculty members and to


Gain a Friend
Before Friday

IN A WAY it's too bad more people don't pay
attention to mimeographed letters. It's too
bad, because by not reading them they have
missed trying one 'of the most potentially valu-
able programs the Union has ever offered.
The name of the Union program is the "Am-
erican Brother." Just what its name implies, it
is a program by which American and foreign
students will get to know each other individual-
ly.
The president of nearly every men's group
on campus was sent a letter by the Union ex-
plaining the program and asking for volun-
teers. If every president lead this letter, many
of them neglected to tell the other members
of their group about it. Judging by the reac-
tion, or lack of it, received by the Union, those
who were told about the program decided to
"put it off until tomorrow." Although Inter-
House Council and Student Government Coun-
cil have recently given the program a boost,
it is doubtful if more than 30 will show up at
the close of today's interviewing.
This small turnout is too bad, because the
"American Brother" program has enough po-
tential to become an extremely valuable addi-
tion to the University. It presents possibly the
only opportunity the average University man

will have to exchange ideas with a student
from a different culture, a highly touted but
rarely used privilege here.
IT WILL PROVIDE a chance to make more
than superficial acquaintanceships, usually
the most that can be expected from class-
room and activities contacts. It will neatly
sidestep the twin problems of the housing
shortage and lack of dorm integration, which
have largely prevented the two groups of stu-
dents from living together and making close
friendships in this way.
Both foreign and American students gain a
friend under this program, and through this
friend is acquired an understanding of his
respective culture. It seems a shame that
though the foreign students attending the Uni-
versity are often the top students and future
leaders of their respective countries, more men
have not shown more interest.
According to the head of the Union's Inter-
national Committee, applications for the pro-
gram will be accepted until Friday. If you are
interested, this is the last chance to apply.
When you do, you'll be doing a favor to a lot
of people.
One of these people will be you.
--LANE VANDERSLICE

improve understanding between
students and faculty, the group's
charter was unanimously ap-
proved last year by the Univer-
sity's student legislature.
Last week, however, a new stut-
dent legislature revoked Open
Forum's charter. The vote was
24-2, with one member aostaining
and one absent. One of the two
regative votes was cast by a grad-
uate student from New York.
The rationale behind the annrl-
ment of the organization's charter
was that Open Forum had failed
to fulfill its stated purposes and
had not complied with its promise
to cause no friction, bad publicity
or controversy.
*S* *
SUPPORTERS of the bill de-
fended their statement, poin ng
out that in Open Forum's five
meetings, the only topic discussed
was the segregation-integration
controversy.
Although they had been charter-
less for two days, members of the
Forum went ahead with a previ-
ously scheduled meeting. Approxi-
mately 120 students and faculty
members gathered off campus at
the Episcopalian Chapel to discuss
"Academic Freedom."

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'Ujezira el Maghreb'

WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:<
Panama Conference A Flop
By DREW PEARSON

LETTERS
to the
EDITOR

THOUGH eclipsed for a time by the Suez
crisis, the smouldering civil war in Algeria
has again caught the attention of the world
with the fall of the Mollet government in
France. The issue on which Premier Guy Mol-
let failed to gain a vote of confidence con-
cerned an increase in taxes, an increase that
was to have paid for a stronger French effort
to suppress Algerian rebel activity once and for
all.
Repudiation of the Mollet government does
not necessarily reflect rejection of current Al-
gerian policy by the French parliament, but
it does point up the high cost of continued
strife in Algeria. Until it was overturned by
" the necessity of raising taxes to deal with the
Algerian situation, Mollet's 16-month regime
had been the longest lasting and most stable
government in France since the end of World
war II.
ENEWED political instability is not the only
price France has had to pay for maintain-
ing her position in Algeria. The twilight war
going on there costs her an estimated $3,000,-
000 a day, and approximately 380,000 soldiers
are required to pacify the countryside and
maintain control of the major cities. Nor is
France the only party that suffers from Al-
gerian bloodshed - many of the 380,000 French
soldiers engaged in Algeria were withdrawn
from NATO defense forces.
In addition, the loss of life, destruction of
property and bitterness aroused by National-
ist terrorism and European colon counter-
terrorism is almost impossible to estimate.
Whatevermay be Algeria's eventual fate, the
hatreds bred between the 1,000,000 Algerians
of European descent and the more than 8,000,-
000 Moslem Algerians will probably plague the
area for years to come.
Of perhaps even greater importance than
local repercussions is the threat posed by the
Algerian affair to good relations between the
West and the Moslem world of North Africa.
More advanced than their Arab brethren in
the Middle East and more potentially pro-
Western, the North African Arabs and Berbers
could be valuable allies and friends of Europe
and America. Their culture has been influ-
enced strongly by France, and such western
institutions as trade unions have taken strong
root among them.

DESPITE A TRADITION of a certain amount
of separation from the rest of the Arab
world, the North African Moslems do have
strong nationalist aspirations. Continued
French suppression of them in Algeria will do
nothing to increase or even maintain their
relatively strong affinity for the West.
The United States has already realized the
value of friendship with the North Africans,
and it is unofficially understood that the State
Department would like to build up pro-Western
Sultan Mohammed V of Morocco as a sort of
alternative to Egypt's, Nasser. It is, however,
unlikely that independent Moslem governments
in North Africa will be able to maintain a con-
tinued friendly policy toward the Western
powers if one of them - France - persists in
outraging their peoples' feelings by denying in-
dependence to Algeria.
Nevertheless, independence is not as simple
a solution to the Algerian question as it was
for' neighboring Morocco and Tunisia. Algeria,
unlike the other former French dominions, has
an unusually large non-Moslem and European
population that has no desire to be separated
from France and is, indeed, opposed to it.
Algeria is, moreover, governed as a part of
France itself. In addition to this, the apparent
discovery of oil in Algeria's desolate Sahara
regions will naturally make the French even
more reluctant to part with it.
THOUGH everyone from Gen. Charles De
Gaulle to the most extreme Algerian Na-
tional Liberation Front Leader has made pro-
posals for ending the Algerian conflict, per-
haps the best one was offered some time ago
by Tunisia's moderate Premier Habib Bour-
guiba.
He suggested an eventual federation, with
strong ties to France, of all North African
states but Egypt, thus realizing the old tradi-
tion of the Diezira el Maghreb - one great
North African Moslem nation, an "Island of
the West". His plan provides for close cooper-
ation with France and thus should go some
distance toward meeting the needs and de-
sires of the European Algerians.
In any case the time has come when France
can no longer say, as her resident general in
Algeria did, that "all that is needed here is
to stand firm."
-JAMES BERG

e

HIGHEST-LEVEL diplomatic
conference in 178 years of
United States diplomatic relations
was held last June in Panama.
More presidents of sovereign
states were gathered there to meet
with President Eisenhower than
anywhere or at any other time in
history.
The meeting 'was greetedwith
great fanfare in the Latin Ameri-
can press - fanfare deliberately
encouraged by American diplo-
mats. Some Latin American presi-
dents who hung back, doubted the
advisability of attending, were
urged by United States ambassa-
dors to be on deck. When the
President was willing to leave his
hospital bed after an ileitis opera-
tion, it was intimated, big things
would be happening in Panama.
The trip was not merely to con-
vince the American public that he
had recovered, diplomats said.
At Panama, a committee was
appointed to carry out the long-
range President's plan for Pan-
Americanism. The committee was
headed by Ike's brother, Milton.
It held several meetings, and now,
10 months after the momentous
event in Panama, it is bringing
forth its momentous recommen-
dations.
Most Latin American diplomats
had figured the United States
would at least set up a fund simi-
lar to the Near East Doctrine
Fund to battle Communism and
develop Latin America. They
watched the money being sent to
Poland, Yugoslavia, Saudi Arabia,
and Southeast Asia, figured a re-
volving fund of around $100,000,-
000 was the least that would come

out of the unprecedented meeting
in Panama.
Instead, an annual total of $3,-
387,700 is recommended, of which
the Latin governments themselves
will put up almost half. There is
also $19,979,000 to fight malaria
over a five-year period, but this is
contingent on further negotiations
with various organizations.
The projects a d o p t e d are
healthy and worth while, but the
amounts to finance them are con-
sidered a drop in the bucket by
Latin diplomats. It should not
have required a high-powered
meeting of the greatest number
of presidents ever to convene on
the American continent, they say,
to put across such a program. It
could have been adopted by the
Pan American Union itself.
The projects include: $1,100,000
for expanding the Institute of Ag-
riculture at Turrilba, Costa Rica,
to study the effect of nuclear en-
ergy on agriculture, and for two
other agriculture centers to study
the diseases of bananas aad cocoa
in Ecuador and temperate dis-
eases in Uruguay; $275,000 for
the study of workers housing;
$500,000 additional for scholar-
ships; $120,000 for technical as-
sistance; $210,000 for public rela-
tions; and $90,000 for a nuclear
energy agency. These are to be
annual expenditures - if each
government now approves.
Remarked one Latin American
ambassador: "We're not commu-
nistic enough to get any real help
from the United States."
When President Eisenhower was
in Panama. he signed an act of
Congress providing for a bridge

. to be built across the Panama Ca-
nal at ] iboa.
This 1 ioge had been promised
Panamanlns for 15 years. With-
out it, they have to ferry across
the canal or else cross at the Mira-
flores Locks several miles away.
So there was great rejoicing in
Panama when President Eisenr.
hower posed for a special photo-
graph alongside his Panamanian
host, President Arias, signing this
bill.
Before the signing ceremony,
Jules Dubois, Latin American cor-
respondent for the Chicago Tri-
bune, asked President Arias for
comment.
"I have to look at the bill,"
Arias replied. "I don't know whe-
ther it's an authorization or an
appropriation."
Educated in the United States,
the president of Panama knew all
too well that there was a big dif-
ference between an authorization
by Congress and an appropriation
by Congress.
After the signing ceremony, Du-
bois asked:
"Now you've seen the bill. What
was it?"
"An authorization," r e p li e d
Arias.
"What's your comment?"
"Still no comment."
President Arias' skepticism was
justified. Last week the House of
Representatives, in its mad rush
for economy, chopped out a $1,-
000,000 appropriation for begin-
ning the Balboa Bridge. The
people of Panama will have to
ferry across the canal for a few
more years.
(Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate Inc.)

Political Ethics .
To the Editor:
THE DARK and blinding clouds
of religious fanaticism that
hung heavily over the medieval
ages are slowly clearing away,
leading to a more rational and
clearer perception of the relation
of man to man.
It is, however, very sad and un-
becoming of political ethics today
that certain responsible leaders
should try to stir up religious
bigotry to seek political ends.
At a public address in Lahore,
Pakistan, March 31, Premier Suh-.
rawardy of Pakistan commented
that he was happy to say the
entire Islamic world had support-
ed Pakistan in her policies on
Kashmir.
He voiced a certain amount of
discomfort about the fact that
while the entire Islamic world
supported her, there had been one
Muslim country which haid been
silent.
He added that he was working
f or closer collaboration among the
Muslim nations of the world and
hoped that cne day the Muslim
nations of the world would stand
on one platform on any political
issue and declare that Muslims the
world over were one. He hoped the
day when this declaration would
be made was not very far off.
Gone are the dark medieval ages
when politics was played in the
name of religion. It would have
been more rational had Premier
Suhrawardy tried to enlist support
for his policies on a basis more
cogent than an appeal to the
Muslim niations in the name of
religion.
* -Thomas S. David,.'57E

Seventy sheeted Ku Klux Klan
members, some carrying arms,
marched oato chapel grounds
shortly after the meeting began.
Calling the Open Forum a com-
munistncell, a Klanspeaker con-
gratulated the legislature for with-
drawing its approval from the
organization. They also accused
the Forum of attempting to brain-
wash Alabama youth. After about
30 minutes, the demonstrators
left.
THE KLAN'S congratulations of
the legislators' action seems to
indicate that the charter annul-,
ment was a form of knuckling un-
der to Klan demands.
Charges that the Forum had
failed to discuss current issues,
a basic reason for charter annul-
ment, are true only if one claims
that the segregation-integration
controversy is not a problem of
our times.
Claims that the Forum caused
friction, bad publicity or contro-
versy are justified in the eyes of
student legislators because talk of
integration at a university favor-
ing segregation is out of place.
State legislators might feel that
university opinion tended to sup-
port integration and might, there-
fore, withhold allocations.
If the University of Alabama
has reached the point where it
refuses to allow its students and
faculty members thebasic Anei-
can rights to freedom of thought
and speech, they have ;eased to
be an institution of learning. They
have become, instead, a factory
which mass produces future mem-
bers of the Ku Klux Klan.
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Mihi-
gan Daily assumes no editorial re-
sponsibility. Notices should be sent
in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room
3519 Administration Building, be-
fore 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday,
THURSDAY, MAY 23, 1905
VOL. LXVII, NO. 167
General Notices
meeting of the senior Class Presidents
in Room 302, West Engineering Build.
ing, Thurs., May 23, at 7:00p.m. to dis-
cuss the schedule and plans for Com-
mencement.
Meeting of the American Associatio
of University Professors, Thurs., May 23.
4:15 p.m., est Conference Room Rac
ham Bldg. Report of the recent nation-
al AAUP meeting and election of offi
" cers. Refreshments.
Student Accounts: Your attention is
called to the following rules passed by
the Regents at their meeting on Feb.
28, 1936: "Students shall pay all ac-
counts due the University not later
than the last day of classes of each
semester or summer session. student
loans which are not paid or renewed
are subject to this regulation however,
student loans not yet due are exempt.
Any unpaid accounts at the close of
business on the last day of classes will
be reported to the Cashier of the Uni-
versity and
"(a) All academic credits will be
withheld, the grades for the semester
or summer session Just completed will
not be released, and no transcript of
credits will be issued.
"(b) All students owing such ac-
counts will not be allowed to-register
in any subsequenet semester or sum-
mer session until payment as been
made."
COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES
JUNE 15, 1957
To be held at 5:30 p.m. either In the
stadium or Yost Field House, depend-
ing on the weather. Exercises will con-
clude about 7:30 p.m.
Those eligible to participae: Gradu-
ates of Summer Session of 1956 and Of
February and June, 1957. Graduates of
the summer Session and of February
1958 are not supposed to participate;

however, no check is made of those
taking part in the ceremony, but no
tickets are available for those In these
classifications.
Tickets: For Yost Field House: Two
to each prospective graudate, to be
distributed from Tuesday, June 4, to
12:00 noon on Saturday, June 15, at
Cashier's Office, first floor of Admini-
stration Building; For Stadium: No
tickets necessary. Children not ad.
mitted unless accompanied by adults.
Academic Costume: Can be rented
at Moe Sport Shop, North University
Avenue, Ann Arbor. ()
Assembly for Graduates: At 4:30 p.m.
in area east of Stadium Marshals will
direct graduates to proper stations. It
siren indicates (at intervals from 4:00
to 4:15 p.m.) that exercises are to be
held. in Yost Field House, graduates
should go directly there and be seated
by Marshals.
Spectators: Stadium: Enter by Main
Street gates only. All should be seated
by 5:00 p.m., when procesison enters
field. Yost Field House: Only those
holding tickets can be admitted owing
to lack of space. Enter on State Street,
opposite McKinley Avenue.
Alumni Reunions: Headquarters at
Alumni Memorial Hall. Registration on
June 13. 14, and 15.

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ON ROAD TO PROSPERITY:
Puerto Rican Governor Looks to Future

Masking Foreign Aid

PRESIDENT Dwight D. Eisenhower gave only
two alternatives to the American people in
his foreign aid speech: subsidize our allies or
go it alone against Russia.
Faced with these two choices, there could
be little doubt of what would have to be done.
Fortunately, however, there is a third choice
which the President failed to mention: assume
that our allies have enough sense to realize
that their best chance of survival lies in siding
with the United States.
Latin America has already decided so, as has
Canada. We are aiding neither, although some
Editorial Staff
RICHARD SNYDER,. Editor
RICHARD HALLORAN LEE MARKS
Editorial Director City Editor
Business Staff
DAVID SILVER, Business Manager
MILTON GOLDSTEIN ... Associate Business Manager
WILLIAM PUSCH...............Advertising Manager

aid was given to Guatemala in its recent re-
volt against the communists. Australia and New
Zealand are on our side, at no cost to Ameri-
can taxpayers.
It is true that Western Europe is in a differ-
ent position, but it is also true the United
States cannot support the nations there in-
definitely, as the President proposes. We are al-
ready in debt to the limit of our total proper-
ty value; we cannot continue to run in the
red. Saving the rest of the world can do no good
if we bankrupt ourselves.
This fact was recognized last year by most
of the members of Congress. Moderate liberals,
led by Senators Mike Mansfield of Montana
and Warren Magnuson of Washington, served
notice on the Administration that foreign aid
could not go on forever.
IN AN EFFORT to thwart the termination of
this program, the President announced Tues-
day night that in the future he wanted to in-
clude foreign aid in the defense budget, since
it "serves indeed it belongs to - our own na-
tional defense."
Whatever the logic of this plan, its politics
would simply perpetuate foreign aid. It is far
harder for Congress to determine whether a

By The Associated Press
AN JUAN, Puerto Rico - The
man who governs this "sun-
shine island" is an ardent lover of
democracy who dreams of the day
when the living standard of his
people be as high as it is in the
United States today.
Gov. Luis Munoz Marn be-
lieves thathwill happen by 1975
because "there has never been
greater prosperity in this land
than there is today--and there are
no limits to the future as long as
there is no economic recession in
the continental United States, or
a third world var."
, *
AS EVIDENCE of Puerto Rico's
prosperity, Munuk Marin points to
all-time-high bank deposits of
more than 357 million dollars; to
an increasing gross income for the
island's treasury that may hit
close to one billion, three hundred
million dollars this year: to rising
agricultural and industrial pro-
duction; to a lessening of unem-
ployment; to a golden flow of mil-
lions from American tourists and
booming new construction
* * *
MORE THAN THAT, he said,
thAM7JV~~hominr .in it o

said that any acts the. United
States Congress applies to the
American states need not neces-
sarily apply to Puerto Rico except
by the consent of the government
and people of the island.
The governor said, however,
that about the only difference be-
tween Puerto Rico and the States
is that Puerto Rico has no vote in
the United States Congress and
does not pay taxes to the federal
government.
Munoz Marn hopes some day
to change the tax situation.
"I do not consider that the fact
that Puerto Rico does not pay into
the federal Treasury should be re-
garded as a permanent situation,"
he said. "We the people of Puerto
Rico are a part of the United
States in a new kind of way and
shouldn't have a free ride for
eternity, but only until the eco-
nomic level is raised until at least
it compares with the poorer states.
* * *
OUR ECONOMIC experts tell
us that if all goes well, by 1975
Puerto Ricans will have a stand-
ard of living as high as it pres-
ently is in the United States, but,
naturally, that doesn't mean it
will be as high as the standard
might he in the Tnited States in

American investments in indus-
trial plans and new hotels-which
also are tax exempt-now total
more than 250 million dollars and
may hit close to 300 million by the
end of this year.
Munoz Marin emphasized, "This
government does not grant tax ex-
emption to any factory in the

United States that closes there
and decides to move here."
"The present economic condi-
tions show a tremendous improve-
ment over the last 15 to 20 years,"
he said.
"Then there was widespread
hopelessness. Today, there is buoy-
ancy and hopefulness.",

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LITTLE MAN ON CAMPUS

by Dick Sibter


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