Sixty-Seventh Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
"When Opinions Are Free
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
THURSDAY, APRIL 25, 1957 NIGHT EDITOR: DAVID TARR
Pro-Con: USIA Budget
Cut Largely Just1fied
Yes . ..
IVE CONGRESSIONAL trimming of the
United States Information Agency's budget
request for fiscal year 1958 is largely justified.
USIA, almost since its inception, has shown
itself incapable of coming up with an effective
propaganda program which will successfully
sell the United States abroad. USIA has not
contributed its share to America's winning of
friends or influencing of people.
In its movies, press releases, bulletin boards,
libraries and other assorted endeavors. USIA
has concentrated on showing the "average
#pan" abroad what a wonderful place the
United States is, implying all the while "why
don't you be like us?"
What USIA has consistently failed to realize
is that other people neither are, nor want to
be like Americans. Movies depicting four and
six-lane highways have little meaning to the
rice farmer who has spent his entire life within
ten miles of the one-lane dirt road beside which
sits the house where he was born.
Books on the great American ideals have little
significance to the fisherman who is more con-
cerned with how he is going to feed his family
next week, to say nothing of this week. More-
over, the book is useless as he probably can't
read in the first place.
THE United States wants to win friends
among the underprivileged people on this
.earth, it would do better to spend its money
on water pumps with which' the rice farmer
can irrigate his land or put to use land where
now there is no water.
If Americans would be known as the bene-
factors of the needy of the human race, they
would do better to spend their money putting
surplus grain in sacks with a short label "A
gift from the American people," and distribut-
ing these to the world's starving.
In the cold war, as in most other facets of
life, actions speak louder than words. USIA has
been wasting its time and the taxpayer's money
on futile words when it could have been under-
taking valuable projects with tangible results.
Cutting the USIA budget is not only a justi-
fied but a commendable step. Not until that
Agency' or any other comes up with a practical
plan based on sound knowledge of the condi-
tions of the area in which it is going to operate
should the Congress appropriate to it one red
cent of the American taxpayer's money.
-RICHARD HALLORAN
Editorial Director
No . .
THE UNITED STATES Information Agency is
coming out on the wrong side of the ledger
in the current Congressional consideration of
the 1957-58 budget.
Senators and representatives lopped off as
whopping $105 million dollars from the $140
million dollar request of -the agency. By this
action, the brunt of the blame for the ap-
parently less than successful United States'
propaganda efforts in the Mid-East, Southeast
Asia and other uncommitted areas seems to be
placed squarely on the Agency.
What the congressional budget snippers
fail to realize is that the Agency can not be
blamed for the lack of coordination, and hence,
the lack of success of the Administration's
propaganda program.
The Agency is being placed in a situation
in which they are being undercut by other
departments of the Executive Branch who con-
stantly make pronouncements on their own and
ignore the coordinating agency. These pro-
nouncements often directly contradict the
Department and the USIA. Consequently the
propaganda objectives set out by the State
propaganda program falls fiat on its face.
START in the right direction was made by
giving the head of the agency, Arthur Lar-
son, a seat in Cabinet meetings and meetings
of the National Security Council, where major
policy decisions are made. A more total coordi-
nation must be effected to bring about a suc-
cessful propaganda program.
The Agency is balancing on a very precarious
edge. It is responsible for the total propaganda
effort, but yet is not able to command enough
authority to fulfill its responsibility.
The only way to patch up the tattered shreds
of the Agency's effectiveness is to increase its
influence over the other departments, enabling
it to control propaganda releases issued from
these branches. In this way the Agency can
become an effective body.
Congressional budget cutters might seek the
underlying causes of the Agency's ineffective-
ness and take positive action to counteract this
ineffectiveness rather than punishing the
Agency, by cutting funds, for a problem which
is not the Agency's fault.
-CAROL PRINS
e
"Uh Huh-Up Here It Looks Like Thunderstorms"
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TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Presientia Disability:
Two Schools of Thought
By WALTER LIPPMANN
I AM WRITING this article on a plane from Palermo to Tunis, and
and having lost touch for the time being with immediate events, I
have been thinking about one of our own domestic problems, what to do
about a disabled President.
There are really two schools of thought on the problem. The
one holds that if a President is disabled, there should be a clear and
accepted way by which the Vice-President can assume the powers but
not the office of President. If the President recovers, the.Vice-Presi-
dent steps down again.
The other school holds that as long as the President is alive, it
can cause only confusion and trouble if there are two Presidents -
the elected President who holds the office and the Vice-President who
exercises his power.
As Mr. Joseph C. Harsch has explained recently, those who take
the second view believe that when the President is disabled, his powers
r
{
6
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
Doodling Top Secret
By DREW PEARSON
UNCLE SAM'S security system is
now so strict that even doodl-
ing by high officials is checked
to make sure their subconscious
scribbling doesn't reveal any sec-
rets. The doodles usually are burn-
ed if they are drawn during a
secret conference.
Washington's champion doodl-
er, Secretary of State Dulles,
draws complex geometric designs
as he thinks. It isn't likely these
abstract patterns would give
away any secrets. But on the
chance a psychologist might get
a clue to Dulles' secret thinking
from them, aides scrupulously
gather up his doodles and stuff
them into a brief case after each
meeting.
SECRETARY of Defense Wilson
also doodles at his desk. He may
jot down a word or figure or curli-
cue but his staff doesn't bother to
pick up after him. They are con-
vinced his doodling would only
confuse enemy agents.
Sensitive agencies, such as the
Atomic Energy Commission and
Central Intelligence Agency, auto-
matically destroy all doodling or
scribbling that has anything to do
with secret work.
Atomic Energy Chairman Lewis
Strauss does not doodle, but he
scrawls notds on tiny white pads
and stuffs them in his pockets.
He even keeps a pad by his bed-
side in case he should get an idea
in the middle of the night. But
he always empties his pockets in
his office and is careful to destroy
notes that contain security in-
formation.
Central Intelligence Chief Allen
Dulles scribbles notes on sheets
of long, lined yellow paper. His
security-minded staff takes no
chances and simply incinerates all
his waste paper.
INSIDE WORD from Wisconsin
is that the White House won't
be able to purge Sen. Joe Mc-
Carthy in next year's Republican
primary.
It is no secret that President
Eisenhower would like to rid the
Senate of McCarthy. The unoffi-
cial White House candidate for
McCarthy's seat is ex-Gov. Walter
Kohler, who is considered more
popular than Joe in Wisconsin.
An unannounced hitch has de-
veloped, however, in Kohler's plan
to challenge McCarthy in the
primary. Kohler has always en-
dorsed the state GOP convention
and has said he wouldn't run
without the convention's support.
The party bosses, who control
the convention, are now swinging
behind Joe. They are disgruntled
conservatives who believe Mc-
Carthy will help save the party
from Ike's "Modern Republicans."
Their feelings have been intensi-
fied by the social snub the White
House handed Joe.
EARLIER, GOP boss Tom Cole-
man had passed the word to his
organization that McCarthy was
through. But it now looks as if
the convention will give Joe the
nomination anyhow. It's all part
of the Republican revolt against
Ike that is sweeping congress and
pervading the rest of the country.
The only other candidates who
might whip Joe in the primary,
Gov. Vern Thompson and Glenn
Davis, don't want to buck the
party organization. This meansno
prominent Republican will be in
the field against McCarthy.
It also means the Democrats
will have their best chance since
1932 to pick up a Wisconsin seat.
G OP Sen. Barry Goldwater of
Arizona is lining up conserva-
tive Republicans to support Sena-
tor Knowland of California for
President in 1960. Goldwater is
boasting privately that right-wing
Republican Senators are certain
to take control of the party during
the last two years of Ike's term,
and their candidate will definitely
be Knowland.
GOP members of the Senate
Rackets Committee almost walked
out last week over counsel Bob
Kennedy. They were so irked at
the way Kennedy has been pop-
ping off to 'the press that they
had a secret protest meeting, and
served notice on Chairman Mc-
Clellan of Arkansas that some-
thing had to be done about Ken-
nedy. McClellan agreed that Ken-
nedy should clear all future press
statements with him.
(Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
can most faithfully be exercised
by a kind of informal regency con-
sisting of the senior members of
his own Cabinet and of his White
House staff. This was in fact what
happened when Woodrow Wilson
was ill, and it happened again
when President Eisenhower was
ill.
IN DEALING with this prob-
lem, the first thing we have to
realize is that there is no such
thing, indeed that there can be no
such thing, as a happy and en-
tirely satisfactory solution. It is a
calamity when the President be-
comes disabled, and no statute or
Constitutional amendment can do
more than to mitigate some of the
consequences.
But on the whole the best of the
solutions is, it seems to me, the
one proposed by President Eisen-
hower. This rests on two basic
principles. One is that the Presi-
dent himself should be the judge
of his own disability.
The other principle is that while
the President is alive, the Vice-
President shall not assume the
office of President, and shall exer-
cise the powers of the office sub-
ject to the President's unques-
tioned right to take back the
powers if he feels able to do so.
This seems to me to avoid any
suggestion that some kind of tri-
bunal or commission of eminent
men should sit in judgment on the
President's ability to exercise his
power. It is better to leave it to
the President himself to judge
whetherehe feels well enough to
administer his office, and in case
he is unconscious, to have the
Cabinet act in his behalf.
It is possible, of course, to ima-
gine a condition of affairs which
would not be met by this solution.
The most obvious example which
comes to mind would be the case
of a President who gradually be-
came mentally incompetent with-
out realizing the fact or being will-
ing to recognize it. My own view of
this possibility is that as we can-
not foresee and prepare for all
eventualities, it is the part of wis-
dom to say that if and when such
a situation arises, the remedy
should be worked out by those
who know all the facts of so un-
usual and so peculiar a situation.
* * *
IF WE are going to amend the
Constitution to deal with this
problem, we ought at least to con-
sider restoring what was almost
surely the original intent of the
founders. This was, so I have
always understood, that if the
Vice-President succeeds, it shall
be not for the remainder of the
President's four-year term but
only until in the normal course
of things new elections can be
held.
1957 New York Herald Tribune
Dulles Not Stubborn Enough
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michi-
gan Daily assumes no editorial re-
sponsibility. Notices should be sent
in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room
3553 Administration Building, be-
fore 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m, Friday.
THURSDAY, APRIL 25, 1957
VOL. LXVI, NO. 143
General Notices
Regents' Meeting: May 23, 24, and 93.
Communications for consideration at
this meeting must be in the President'
hands not later than May 14.
Phi Beta Kappa. Initiation Banquet,
Mon., April 29, Michigan Union, at
6:30 p.m. Prof. Charles H. Sawyer, di-
rector of the Museum of Art, will be
the speaker. Reservations should be
made at the Office of the Secretary,
Hazel M. Losh, by Sat., April 27. Mem-
bers of other Chapters are invited.
Attention all Seniors: Order your
caps and gowns for June graduation at
Moe's Sport Shop on North University
as soon as possible.
The following student sponsored
events are approved for the coming
weekend.
April26: Adela Cheever, Alpha Phi
Omega, Alpha Xi Delta, Delta Theta
Phi, Phi Gamma Delta, Public Health
Club.
April 27: Alpha Kappa Kappa, Alpha
Sigma Phi, Delta Chi, Delta Tau Delta,
Delta Theta Phi, Hawaii Club, Gom-
berg House, Huber House, Martha
Cook, Michigan House, Nu Sigma Nu,
Phi Epsilon Pi, Phi Kappa Psi, Phi
Kappa Tau, Phi Sigma Delta, Reeves
House, Rumsey House, Sigma Chi
Sigma Nu, Sigma Phi, Theta Delta Chi,
Theta Xi, Phi Delta Theta, Theta Chi,
Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Trigon, Van Tyne
House, Williams House, Zeta Beta Tau,
Zeta Psi, Chi Phi.
..April 28: Alpha Omicron PI, Betsy
Barbour, Chi Omega, Couzens Hall,
Delta Theta Phi, Stockwell Hall,
Lectures
Lecture. Dr. R. S. Shane will speak
on "Chemical and Chemical Engi-
neering Aspects of Nuclear Power Re-
actor Design and Construction" at 8:00
p.m. on Thurs. April 25, in Room
1300, Chemstry.
Mathematics Lecture, A talk will be
given on Fri., April 26 at 4:10 p.m. in
Room 3011, Angell Hall by Hans J.
Bremermann of the Institute for Ad-
Ivanced Study entitled, "On a Gener-
alized Dirichet Problem for Plurisub-
harmonic Functions and Pseudo-Con-
vex Domains." Refreshments at 3:45 in
Room 3212, A.H.
Catholicism Looks at Birth Control.
Fr. Bradley of St. Mary's Chapel will
speak informally on this topic at the
Friday afternoon coffee hour of the Of-
fice of Religious Affairs, Lane HaIl, 4:15
p.m., April 26. This is the first of a
two week series; the second program
will look at the Protestant viewpoint
on the same subject.
Astronomy D e p art m en t Visitors'
Night. Fri., April 26, 8 p.m., Rm. 2003,
Angell Hall. Prof. Fred T. Haddock will
spak on "Radio Waves from the Solar
System." After the lecture the Student
Observatory on the fifth floor of An-
gell Hall will be open for inspection and
for observations of Jupiter and double
stars. Children welcomed, but must b
accompanied by adults.
Concerts
Student Recital Postponed: The reci-
tal by Joyce Noh, previously announced
for Thurs., April 25, in the Rackham
Assembly Hall, has been postponed. The
new date will be announced later.
Student Recital: by James J. Ed
monds, pianist, previously announced
for Wed., April 24, Will be performed
this evening at 8:30 p.m., in the Rack-
harmesAssembly Hall. It is being per-
formed in addition to his thesis for
the Master of Music degree in Theory,
and will include works by Bach, Cho-
pin, Bartok and Liszt. Edmonds studies
with Helen Titus, and his program will
be open to the general public.
Carillon Recital by Percival Price,
University Carillonneur, 7:15 p.m
Thurs,. April 25, the first in the annual
spring series. The program of 18th Cen-
tury carillon repertory will include
compositions by G. F. Handel for Clay's
Musical Clock, repertory of J. De Gruyt-
ters, Antwerp, for keyboard playing,
and carillon compositions by M. van
den Gheyn.
Student Recital Postponed. The reci-
tal by Neva Vukmirovich, pianist, pre-
viously announced for Fri., April 26,
has been postponed until Sun., May 12.
School of Music Honors Program, 4:15
Fri., April 26, in Aud. A, Angell Hall.
Presentation of student honor awards
and speech by Prof. Garnet R. Garrison,
Dirctor of Television, "Television in the
Modern World." Open to School of Mu-
sic students, faculty and friends.
Academic Notices
Doctoral Preliminary Examinations
for Students in Education. All appli-
4
SECRETARY OF STATE John Foster Dulles
appears finally to have admitted defeat in
his attempt to solve the Suez Canal problem by
direct United States negotiation with Egypt.
Secretary Dulles announced Tuesday the
problem would be handed back to the United
Nations this week, thus signaling an end to the
futile month-long struggle to win Egyptian
acceptance of the United Nations formula for
administering the Canal.
There would be no great cause for concern
if Secretary Dulles had requested further United
Nations action on the problem, but he did not.
He emphasized instead the United States would
request no United Nations action, but simply
file a report and wait for a final Egyptian an-
swer to the efforts of American negotiators.
In addition, Dulles said the United States
has "no objection" to American ships entering
the Canal, provided they pay tolls under pro-
test.
With these ~ developments, American policy
toward Egypt and the Suez appears to have
taken a definite turn toward defeatism and
inaction, a course which is hardly effective in
world politics, particularly when one's antagon-
ist is as stubborn as Egypt's President Nasser.
THOUGH Nasser's determined resistance to
compromise on the ownership and adminis-
tration of the Suez Canal is frustrating and
angering, it's success cannot be denied.
The United States, in this case, could take a
lesson from Nasser. Only by being equally as
stubborn and persistant can we hope for suc-
cess. When two equally determined antagonists
meet, the greater force must eventually win
out. Determination alone cannot or should not
be enough to secure the victory.
The United States and the United Nations
definitely hold the greater power, if they could
find the courage to use it. Action taken against
Nasser, other than futile talk, has so far been
insignificant. The assets of the Suez canal
company in the United States, Britain and
France have been frozen, but little else has
been done.
Now that negotation has apparently failed,
the time has arrived for action, not admission
of defeat. Continuing, progressively increasing
pressure should be applied on Egypt, with eco-
nomic sanction as the primary tool, and force
as a last resort.
Nasser's bravado has. proved impervious to
persuasion; it must be broken down by more
drastic measures.
-EDWARD GERULDSEN
41
ARMY-McCARTHY HEARINGS:
Lawyer Welch Remains in Public Eye
a
INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
Arab Opinion Volatile
By WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press News Analyst
THERtE is a valuable lesson in last week's
Middle East developments. Once again it
has been demonstrated that Arab public opinion
is something which can be shaped and changed
almost overnight, and thus often becomes a
ready tool for those seeking to use it for their
own profit.
The Eisenhower Doctrine is being credited
in some quarters with turning countries like
Jordan and Saudi Arabia away from a path
which might eventually lead them into involv-
ment with the Soviet bloc.
Some credit may be due to the Doctrine, but
it would be unrealistic to give it too much. The
basic cause of the beginnings of a revulsion
against Egypt's Nasser among Arab leaders
lies in the worry of the Eastern rulers them-
selves .Naser'rctivitie s. inchrked. might
notice. But they know, too, if the forces seeking
to cause the explosion can be held sufficiently
in check, Arab opinion can be directed into less
dangerous channels.
They have had a number of striking demon-
strations of this. One came only a few days ago
when pictures of Nasser began disappearing
from the coffee shops and windows in Jordan,
replaced by pictures of young King Hussein.
O THE Western mind it seems absurd and
even fantastic that a man so violently ad-
mired could be so easily replaced. But it hap-
pens frequently in the Arab world.
Not long ago American had a rough time
jn, the Middle East. But one gesture by President
Eisenhower during the aggression last fall was
sufficient to turn suspicion and mistrust into
effusive admiration of all Americans by the
Arab public. That is changing back again now
By ROGER GREENE
Associated Press Staff Writer
"LIZZE BORDEN took an ax
Adgave her mother 40
whacks; when she saw what she
had done; she gave her father 41."
Boston lawyer Joseph N. Welch
says the jury was right in acquit-
ting Lizzie, subject of this old '
jingle, on the basis of the evidence
presented in the celebrated Fall
River, Mass., murder trial in 1829.
Welch made that summation as
narrator in a recent televised pro-
ducton of "The Trial of Lizzie
Borden."
HIS APPEARANCE recalled a
36-day drama of whacks, counter-
whacks and verbal blood-letting
which opened on Capitol Hill just
three years ago this week. That
was the celebrated Army-McCar-
thy ruckus in which Welch figured
as Army special counsel.
Almost alone of all the- key fig-
ures in the Army-McCarthy furor,
Welch has kept in the public eye
in the intervening years. In addi-
tion to his role in "Lizzie Borden,''
he has appeared in several other
TV productions. And last year he
was named American "Father of
the Year," partly for his efforts
in championing the United States
Constitution.
EVEN Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy
(R-Wis.) has faded into the back-
ground from the limelight which
blazed around his Communist-
hunting forays in the early 1950s.
tation to attend Mamie Eisen-
howers' spring luncheon for Senate
wives.
What has happened to other
headliners in the 1954 hearings?
Where are they now?
FORMER Secretary of the Army
Robert T. Stevens, who bitterly
argued McCarthy's charges of
"Communist coddling" by the
Army, resigned from his Pentagon
post in June, 1955 and returned to
his old job as president of the big
J. P. Stevens Textile Co. in Plain-
field, N. J.
Ray N. Jenkins, the jut-jawed
Knoxville, Tenn., lawyer who serv-
ed as special counsel for the Sen-
ate subcommittee in airing the
Army-McCarthy hassle, has fig-
ured in speculation as a possible
candidlate for the United States
Senate in 1960. He calls himself
an Eisenhower Republican.
JENKINS z:en+t] was appoint-
ed assistant ;:efense counsel for
the court-martial of Col. John
Nickerson Jr., guided missiles ex-
pert, who is accused of leaking
secrets of the Army's hush-hush
Redstone Arsenal at Huntsville,
Ala., to members of Congress and
the press.
Maj. Gen. Kirke B. Lawton, 62
years old, retired from the Army
in August 1954, two months after
the books were closed on 80,000
pages and two million words of
testimony in the Army-McCarthy
drama.
LITTLE MAN ON CAMPUS
by Dick Bible.r
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V4 EAf WM' MY MAJOR Z f,( 9T IN f+(G0 5i4 -}
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joined the Washington law firm of
Ford, Allder and Adams.
.Roy M. Cohn, now 30 years old,
McCarthy's legal adviser during
the hearings, resigned his $11,700-
a-year job as chief aide in McCar-
thy's Red-hunting investigations
in July, 1954. McCarthy called him
"the most brilliant young fellow I
have ever known.""
COHN subsequently accused the
press in clamping down a "news
blackout" on McCarthy in the
wake of the Senate hearings. He is
now practicing law in New York
City.
G. David Schine, 29 years old,
known as "the most publicized
private in the United States
Army" during the Army-McCarthy
clash, completed his two-year serv-
ice hitch as a corporal in October
1955 and has since resumed his job
as president of Schine Enterprises,
Inc. His wealthy Russian-born
father, J. Myer Schine, operates a
chain of plush resort hotels and
movie theaters.
a