PAGE SIX THE MCHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, "RIL 20,195? PAGE SIX THE MICHIGAN DAILY SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 195? PSYCHOLOGY EXPERIMENTS: Animal Lab Provides Subjects A sudden bark or sharp squeal breaks the silence of a classroom on the third floor of Mason Hall; a student glances up in surprise and alecture on color vision is momentarily interrupted. These inappropriate sounds are emmitted from the menagerie maintained by the Psychology Department for experimental purposes. Behind the locked doors of the "animal lab" is home for hundreds of rats, rabbits and dogs. A strong odor of disinfectants and animal life greets a visitor as he opens the door labeled simply-3444. Stacks of cages on movable carts containing rats and rabbits fill the room. Rats Explore Maze As one walks down theacorridor between the small experimental rooms, three dogs bark for attention from their large wire cages in the back of the room. Students in white coats, absorbed in their particular experiment, are oblivious to this interruption. A rabbit is being operated on in the experimental surgery room while across the hall, a rat is exploring a maze. The majority of the lab workers are undergraduates working on class projects or individual experiments. Several Psychology 31 students in the tutorial section are working on experiments in groups of two. One group is training rats to press - a lever for food in the classical "Skinner Box." They will then shock these trained rats with electrical charges to determine the amount of pun- ishment or shock they are willing to take at different levels of hun- ger to get food.. HOME IS A CAGE-These rats spend their entire life in carefully kept cages in the Mason Hall animal lab except for short periods of experimentation by Psychology students. ARCHIBALD .. barks for attention PRACTICE TRIALS-Keith Oppenner prepares his rats for an experiment by orientating them to food boxes and platforms similir to the conditions in his experiment. Trains Rats Volunteer students from regular Psychology 31 sections are prepar- ing animals for classroom demon- strations. Each student trains his own rat for six or seven hours be- fore it is ready for its classroom debut. A typical classroom demonstra- tion involves a shock-avoidance shuttle box. A rat is forced to jump from one compartment to another by a shock. A buzzer is presented simul- taneously with this shock. When trained, this rat will respond to the buzzer alone by jumping. Operate on Rabbits Rabbits and dogs are used pri- marily by graduate students. Most rabbit experiiients involve opera- tions. Dogs are used in a conditioning experiment where a dog is pre- sented with a bell and shock to his foot. He will then respond to the bell alone by lifting his foot when conditioned. These animal experiments are used by students for testing vari- ous theories applicable in such fields as learning and behavior. DAILY PHOTO FEATURE Story by DIANE FRASER Photos by DICK GASKILL U' Foreign Counselor Relates Job By JANICE RAHM SinceB1938 Robert Klinger has attended more than 750 Thursday afternoon teas at the International Center. Klinger attended the firrt tea in September, 1938, when the Cen- ter opened. He was preparing his doctorate in international law and working for the Center part-time Now Klinger is counselor at the Center and only misses teas on vacation or out of town on Center business. Center Has Expanded When the Center began, Klinger said, the three full-time staff members were afraid the facilities would not be used by the approxi- mately 250 international students who were at the University.- Their fears did not become fact, however. The Center has expanded with the University and 19 full and part-time staff members assist over 1300 foreign students. Klinger has never found the weekly teas boring since there are always new people attending. He reported the tea still tastes good, but after the first ten years even good cookies begin to taste like sawdust. Klinger's job is counseling all engineering students and Canadi- ans, no matter what their field of concentration. He also handles difficult immi- gration problems which are re- ferred to him by other staff mem- bers. Having a masters degree in im- migration law from American Uni- versity in Washington, D.C., Kling- er is well qualified to give expert assistance to students with immi- gration problems. Legal Problems Students come for counseling in all kinds of problems. He ex- plained. About one-third are legal problems involving such things as social security and income taxes as well as immigration matters. Another one-third of the prob- lems are personal, mostly concern- ing finances and romance. These take a lot more time to help solve than legal matters, Klinger com- mented. "My chief work," Klinger said, "is to make myself available to students whatever their problems. I sometimes counsel children of former students." Klinger is a part-time student as well as a full-time counselor. He is currently taking six hours of work on a doctorate degree in guidance and counseling. Klinger played in dance orch- estras during college and is mar- ried to a former University music student, so jazz, classical music and folk songs of other lands play an important part in their life. The couple has three children, Paul, 14 years old, Fay, 10 years old, and Stephen, four years old. Klinger has worked his way up as a scout leader as Paul became a memberof various units. "I figure I have about 20 years of scouting ahead of me," said Klinger. "By the time Paul is no longer a boy scout, Stephen will be old enough to join the cub scouts." Other hobbies include stamp and coin collecting and gem cutting. Their home resembles an interna- tional museum with objects from all over the world. Windsor, Ontario, is the only foreign place that Klinger has visited in person, but he feels that he receives a trip around the world every few months through inter- national students. "If you can't travel," he com- mented, "counseling foreign stu- dents has much the same effect." Local Council To Tour City City Council members will tour Ann Arbor today by bus inspecting city properties, municipal facilities, and areas where various types of projects and developments are planned or foreseen. The group, which will meet at 1 p.m. today at City Hall, will be accompanied by City Administra- tor Guy C. Larcom, Jr., and other city officials. Included in the trip will be the North Campus area, where council members will inspect sites for Parke, Davis & Co. and Bendix Aviation Corp. developments. The group will also visit areas where sidewalk projects are being considered for school construction. Also on the schedule for inspec- tion will be various park areas and municipal golf courses. M _ Old Lightships To Remain Despite Radar By The Associated Press For 125 years, lightships have marked perilous waters along the United States coasts. Their number has declined by almost 50 per cent in the past quarter century. Only 25 are still in service, as shown on the accom- panying prop, and there may be more permanent retirements. Nevertheless, Navy and Coast Guard officials say, lightships - though expensive to operate and maintain - will continue to be needed in certain spots. Still Needed Why doesn't radar put them out of business? "The Andrea Doria-Stockholm collision should answer that," a Navy expert on lightships said. "Both had radar, and they crashed." As the map shows, the East Coast has by far the greatest num- ber of light vessels-19. One does duty in Lake Huron off the Michi- gan coast, and five are placed off the West Coast. The gradual decline in number of lightships was made possible, Coast Guard officials say. by engi- neering developments that brought some suitable replacements. This includes the construction of light- houses in comparatively deep. water, and the development of large buoys fitted with bright lights, sound and radiobeacon sig- nals. Distinctive Features Such navigational aids, however, are not praticable at all the danger points now watched by lightships. The vessels have highly distinc- tive features to avoid the possi- bility of mistaken identity. They are fitted, of course, with powerful lights. They have high bows, lan- tern galleries at the mastheads and special coloring. The hull is usually painted red, with the name of the station in One Million Dollars Necessary To Assure State Water Supply SWIFTSURE; C N A 0 UMATILLA REEF 1 COLUMBIA 0 RIVED .... OPORTLAND ...A :..::..BOSTON RPOLLOCK RIP " V avSTONEHORSE BLUNTSEONANTUCKET ................................... ..... _... ...............C ROSS RIP BARNEGAT A0OVERFALLS S0 WINTIEROVARTER - MCHESAPEAKE L 0 DIAMOND SHOALS FPRYlN-PAN SOLS - --.s . s 0LhhANNAH AP Newsfootwest A white letters as huge as space permits. The vessels' superstruc-- ture is painted gleaming white the masts, stacks, and lantern galleries buff. First Established in 1820 The first lightship established in U.S. waters saw duty at Craney Island, in the Elizabeth River near Norfolk, Va. It was placed in serv- ice in 1820. Three years later, a lightship first tested an open sea. station - as distinguished from sheltered waters-off Sandy Hook in the main channel leading to New York. The oldest station in point of continuous operation is Cross Rip in Nantucket Sound, Massachu- setts. The point was first, marked in 1828 and still has a lightship. Next is the Sandy Hook station, dating from 1823. But this station was vacant between 1828 and 1839, and in 1908 the position of the ship was shifted and the name changed to Ambrose. The Nantucket station, 200 miles east of New York, is on the heavily traveled transatlantic route be- tween that port and Europe, and considered one of the most impor- tant lightship stations in the' world. Built fortheir unique purpose, lightships are the whitest of white elephants once they are replaced or retired. Many even lack power and have to be towed to their sta- tion. Attempts to convert them for any other nautical function are impracticable. F1Organization F Notices (Continued from Page 4) Roger Williams Fellowship, Easter Sunrise Service on the Diag, April 21, 6:30 a.m. Breakfast following at the Congregational Church. University of Michigan Folk, Dancers, a program of basic couple and line dances, April 22, 7:30-10:00, Lane Hall. Michigan Christian Fellowship, April 21, 4:00 p.m., Lane Hall. Speaker: Charles E. Hummel, "In What Sense is Christ Living?" Graduate Outing Club, hike and sup- per, April 21, 2:00 p.m., Rackham. REFRIGERATED BOX-A fully conditioned animal will learn to press a lever for a blast of heat from a lamp for relief from the cold in this heat-controlled box. A BREAK IN LEARNING ... even a rat enjoys a visitor More than a million dollars will have to be spent by government and industry within the next 10 years to guarantee adequate water supplies in Michigan. This "conservative" estimate is the result of a study, "Water Re- sources and Plant Location in Michigan." The study, made by the business administration school is one of a series of four. The study group consists of business executives and University faculty members. Prof. Olin W. Blackett of the business statistics at the Univer- sity wrote the study on water re- sources. According to Prof. Blackett, Michigan's water supply potential, including the state's rivers and Great Lakes, is unmatched by any other state. However, to satisfy demands of future industrial and population increase, considerable development of water resources will be neces- sary. Although the most plentiful sources of water are the Great Lakes, the cost of using Lake water is higher than developing more limited sources such as under- ground waters and rivers. How- ever, the Great Lakes will probably be the only available alternative if great quantities of water - 100 million gallons daily - are needed. Blackett points out that Detroit communities have been unable to utilize Lake water satisfactorily. He explained that this difficulty must be resolved before resource development can proceed. A study carried on by the Metro- politan Area Regional Planning Commission stated that "It is clear that the existing water systems cannot handle their projected 1955-80 population growth. .. . Many places in the six-county area have already reached the point where growth and development of water-using industry is seriously limited." "Thus," the study continues, "the growth of both population and its economic base is endanger- ed by the present inadequate water services and the prospect of great- er future demands." A similar situation would be re- vealed by study of other parts of the state Blackett indicates. He states that failure to develop Michigan water potential can de- terr industrial growth. Engineers Petition For Class Boards Petitions for membership on the boards of the freshman and soph- omore classes of the engineering school may be picked up in Rm. 2046 East Engineering Bldg. The petitions require 50 signa- tures,.and are due at 5 p.m. Tues- day. Elections will be held April 29 and 30. There are nine positions' open on each board. A-MAZE-MENT-Many trials are required before this rat will MOTHER RAT ... a new learn the correct turns to master this puzzle and reach the goal generation of subjects arrives of food or water set at the end of the maze. CONFUSION-Over the side is often the easiest way out There's always a sale at BOB MARSHALL'S I UNION PHOTO CONTEST Categories: SPORTS, HOMETOWN, TRAVEL & CAMPUS "BREAKFAST IN BEDLAM" . ........... "::. 4 :::: .. ..:. : sr..... _v.~-...'rids :::":'?::A4f : 4i::i ::::::.............. ........ .... Ii I C I