EliAlrifligan Ba~ly
Sixty-Seventh Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241

"When Opinions Are Free
Truth Will Preva"

Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 1957 NIGHT EDITOR: PETER ECKSTEIN
President's Proposed Amendment:
Constitution Rightly Unclear

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STATE THEATRE:
Revived Film True
To Hemingway Spirit
FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS is an unusual film. Not because it is a
war picture, for these are plentiful. Not because it concerns itself
with love, for we have come to expect this. Not because it is based on a
Hemingway story, for the film-makers have attempted many times
before and since to capitalize on that writer's great popularity. But
because it is one of the very best of all three of these.
And when a movie appears embodying the, finest of these elements,
it can never grow dusty or dated. For Whom the Bell Tolls is likely to

f,
/

RESIDENT EISENHOWER has asked for a
Constitutional amendment setting up a pro-
cedure for determining when the President is
"unable" to discharge his duties.
The Constitution (Article II, Section D says,
"In case of the removal of the President from
office or of his death, resignation, or inability
to discharge the powers and duties of the said
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice
President. .. '
The Constitution does not, however, say who
shall determine or when or how it shall be de-
termined that the President is incapable of per-
forming the duties of his office. Furthermore,
the question of who would determine the Presi-
dent's incapability has arisen few times in the
country's history, the most recent instance be-
ing with the President's heart attack late in
1955.
ALTHOUGH THE VAGUENESS of the Con-
stitution in this area was questioned before
the Constitution was finally adopted, little work
has been done on an amendment until the
President's recent proposal.
President Eisenhower has suggested that the
President, if unable to carry out his duties,
should delegate them to the Vice-President. If
he were unable to delegate them in case of
disability, then the Cabinet, by majority vote,

could decide to have the Vice-President assume
the President's duties.
President Eisenhower's proposal would place
the responsibility for determining the Presi-
dent's incapability in the hands of a small
group hand-picked by the President. This
group might very conceivably have the Presi-
dent's best interests at heart.
At the same time, if there were any real
question about the chief executive's condi-
tion, there might be another question about
which would be the worse-a sick President or
an incompetent Vice-President. Politics would
certainly play a major part if such a respon-
sibility were specifically given to the Cabinet
or any other.
f;UCH POWER-to determine the President's
capability-has no right to exist within the
confines of a small, appointive group, as much
on the President's side as they may be.
An unpopular President, even so with his
Cabinet, may find himself relieved of power
when he could very capably continue adminis-
trative powers-as highly improbable as this
may sound.
The Constitution is unclear in this area and
rightly so. Should a President become too dis-
abled to continue his work, there will be no un-
certainty about it.
-VERNON NAHRGANG

,I^
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:
Coalition Slashes at Budget
By DREW PEARSON

Union Watchdog Committee?

TH THE MASS of evidence against him it
seems safe to predict that Dave Beck will
be pushed out of the Teamsters. Any such
move will reflect his unpopularity with his
Union more than their intolerance with his
shady finances.
Now that the Teamsters mess has been par-
tially uncovered, many responsible people in
labor and management are wondering if con-
trol measures shouldn't be effected for the pro-
tection of both.
It was in this light that Walter Reuther made
a display of spotlessness, thinly disguised in a
suggestion that responsible community leaders,
presumably without vested interests in or
against the AFL-CIO, organize as a "watchdog
committee" for the organization. Responsible
leaders applauded, and so did the workers.
BUT REUTHER'S IDEA wasn't all grand-
standing. This watchdog idea could con-
ceivably work for any union. Even if the Team-
sters accepted this proposal, however, it would
hardly work now unless the watchdog commit-
tee was willing to take over the job of the Sen-
ate subcommittee. The union must be initially
clean and that's now in the hands of the Wash-
ington probers.
In addition to the "cleanliness" of the union
such a committee would have to receive legal or
quasi-legal guarantees of good faith, amount-
ing to an unofficial ability to subpoena union
records.
The committee would face other problems
and limitations. For instance, how would it be
possible to audit every transaction in hundreds
of locals?
The existence of thousands of transactions
and directives would make the job of such a
committee quite cumbersome. And if the Team-
ster's corruption extends as far into its roots
as seems possible, the possibilities of deciet
would be many.
On a supervision of high level policy, how-
ever, the committee might do an adequate job.
The "watchdog" idea must be tried before its
effectiveness can be determined.
AN ALTERNATIVE to Reuther's idea is the
use of a permanent Federal organization,

working in continual, close supervision with all
levels of union activity. The use of full-time
observers would allow closer supervision, and
further investigative power could be sum-
moned quickly if shady or unexplained activi-
ties were uncovered.
Such investigative measures might be neces-
sary if a self-interested system failed to en-
trench in itself a system of self-checks, codi-
fied or implicitly.
In any case, it's an old problem to the histonr
books: Too much power over many individuals
by few is dangerous.
-ROBERT BALL
Michigan's Swimmers:
1957 NCAA Champions
HATS OFF to Michigan's 1957 NCAA swim-
ming champions.
Against two of the nation's leading teams,
Michigan State and Yale, the Wolverines, with
a tremendous team effort, added the first place
NCAA trophy to an impressive list of accom-
plishments for the past swimming season.
Not only are the natators the National Cham-
pions, but they went through the season without
suffering defeat in dual meet competition, and
took second place in the Big Ten champion-
ships.
This marks the first time since 1948 that
Michigan has a national swimming champion,
and the swimmers established some sort of a
precedent in being the only Michigan team so
far this year to annex either a Big Ten or
National title.
The victory at North Carolina was a team
triumph completely. Everyone on the squad gave
their top performance of the year, and the team
richly deserved the trophy. Nine of 11 Michigan
swimmers scored in the competition.
At the beginning of the season, it was figured
that the swimmers would have to wait a year
before being a threat. This was to be a
rebuilding season. Despite several bad breaks
the Wolverines came through like true cham-
pions and certainly deserve much praise.
-ALAN WINKELSTEIN

command as large an audience now
as it did at the time of its first
Academy Award winning run in
1943, perhaps larger.
The setting is Spain of 1937, the
time of revolution. There is a
bridge that must be destroyed to
hinder the advance of the Nation-
alists.
The task is assigned to an
American who has cast in his lot
with the Republicans. His assist-
ants are a band of mountain-liv-
ing refugees, men and women, the
loyal and the untrustworthy, the
competent and the inept, the bitter
and the gay.
THE BRIDGE, of course, is
blown up at the appointed hour,
but not until Maria, a young
Spanish girl, and the "Ingles" have
had enough time to love each
other.
And if the ending, so true to its
original, so refreshing against the
usual emergence of unscathed hero
and carefully coiffed heroine, is
sad, by being so it makes the story
a happier one. Greater love be-
cause there is so little time, lesser
death because there is forever
There is also a younger Ingrid
Bergman, hardly more beautiful
than today, but with short cropped
hair. Her acting, like her name, is
magic. Only the small would com-
plain that she does not look Span-
ish.
Both screenplay and photography
remain faithful to the feeling of
Hemingway. His narrative, which
often reads as though its author
were cautiously feeling his way
through the language, and his dia-
logue, simple, calm, repetitious, are
both felt and heard and do not
sound silly, Not from Gary Cooper
or from the others.
LITERATURE rarely survives so
well the reshaping into film. The
pen, the actor, the camera, seem
often to disagree among them-
selves.
But not here. Author and audi-
ence meet in an unbiased medium.
-Roberta Hard
Stock Market
By The Associated Press
STEELS showed a little strength
while rubber issues suffered a
slight setback in mixed and quiet
stock market yesterday.
In general the market started
out the second quarter of the year
locked in the stalemate which has
characterized it for several weeks.
Volume amounted to 1,620,000
shares compared with 1,650,000
Friday. It was the smallest turn-
over since last Monday.
Here and there throughout the
list some fairly wide gains and
losses appeared.
The Associated Press average of
60 stocks was down 10 cents at
$174.10 with the industrials down
20 cents, the rails down 20 cents
and the utilities up 20 cents.
Prices on the American Stock
Exchange were mixed. Volume
totaled 900,000 shares compared
with 930,000 Friday.

LAST week Washington watched
a stampeding coalition of Re-
publicans and Dixiecrats cut down
appropriation after appropriation
in the Eisenhower budget like a
tractor-drawn mowing machine
knocking down a field of hay.
In their headlong rush for econ-
omy, they lopped off such items as
$20,000 for research into radiation
from atomic fallout. Apparently
the Congressmen did not know
that we live in an atomic age. They
knocked off $100,000 to revise the
cost of living index, something
both management and labor find
absolutely necessary in fixing
wages.
They knocked out $50,000 to hire
three or four women in the Wom-
en's Bureau to study the employ-
ment of older women, a problem
which has greatly increased of late.
The coalition shrewdly prompted
Congresswoman Blitch of Georgia
to make the motion cutting the
Women's Bureau.
And they knocked off $100,000
for the Bureau of Veterans' Re-
employment, an agency of great
importance to veterans, especially
since the GI Bill of Rights is no
more.
* * *
AS THESE important, but inex-
pensive items were thrown into the
Congressional ashcan, not one Re-
publican rose to champion the
budget of the Republican Adminis-
tration. Some of the Democrats
stood up to defend the President,
but not one Republican.
After three days of frantic
amendments, Congressman John
Fogarty, Rhode Island Democrat,

reminded his hell-bent-for-econ-
omy colleagues that they had cut
only $1,345,000.
"At that rate," said Wayne Hays,
Ohio Democrat, "in 30 days we
could cut it $10,000,000, and if we
stayed here a year or 300 days,
we could cut it $100,000,000."
"I want to reiterate to you,"
reminded Democrat Fogarty, chief
champion of the Eisenhower bud-
get, "that you pass laws and then
you fail to carry out your respon-
sibility of seeing that necessary
appropriations are made to admin-
ister them.
"The amendments offered dur-
ing the last three days have been
without constructive evaluation of
what damage they will do. In your
hysteria you do not stop here.
"My friends on the other (Re-
publican) side of the aisle have
been notably conspicuous by the
anemic support they have given
their leader, the President of the
United States.
"The press has been carrying
stories of tens of millions of dol-
lars of savings. Now, let us set
the record straight. Let us not
fool the public and let us not fool
ourselves. The greatest part of the
so-called savings will not save the
U.S. Treasury one cent."
* , *
HE WENT ON to point out that
commitments had been made by
the U.S. government, in many cases
to the individual 48 states. And
that if the money was not appro-
priated now, Congress would sim-
ply have to come back and appro-
priate it later.
Republicans, however, paid little
attention to the Democratic cham-

pion of the Eisenhower budget.
They kept on cutting. They cut
$1,000,000 for new inspectors for
the Food and Drug Administration,
chief watchdog of American house-
wives.
At present, Food and Drug has
enough inspectors to inspect chick-
en-processing plants only once
every 12 years. It can inspect many
drug companies only once every
eight or nine years.
It has been trying to curb the
use of poison sprays on fruit and
vegetables. It found oyster dealers
watering their cans so the public.
was buying more water than oy-
sters. It had difficulty checking
Salk vaccine because of its short-
age of inspectors.
However, Congressman Charles
Jonas, the only Republican from
North Carolina, moved to strike all
money for additional inspectors. He
won by a margin of one vote-
though a roll-call vote will come
up again today, at which time the
House could reverse him.
Jonas did not win, however, until
after another Carolinian, Mendel
Rivers, this one a Democrat and
from South Carolina, went to bat
for the Republican President's bud-
get and for more protection for
housewives.
Congressman Rivers made an
eloquent appeal for funds to help
inspect the food and drugs of the
nation. But when the vote was
taken, most of the Republicans
joined with enough Democrats to
vote down the new inspectors -
unless the House reverses itself on
the roll-call vote today.
(Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)

DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michigan
Daily assumes no editorial responsi-
bility. Notices should be sent in
TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3553
Adminsitration Building, before 2
p.m. the day preceding publication.
Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00
p.m. Friday.
TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 19T
VOL. LXVII, NO. 131
General Notices
Veterans who expect to receive edu-
cation and training allowance under
Public Law 550 (Korea G.. Bill) must
fill in VA Form VB 7-1996a, Monthly
Certification, in the Office of Veterans'
Affairs, 555 Administration Building,
between 8:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. by Fri.,
April 5.
Seniors: Order your caps and gowns
at Moe's Sport Shop on North Univer.
sity as soon as possible.
Blue Cross Group Hospitalization,
Medical and Surgical Service Programs
for staff members will be open from Ap-
ril 1 thru April 24, 1957, for new ap-
plications and changes in contracts now
in effect, Staff members who wish to
include surgical and medical services
should make such changes in the Per-
sonnel Office, Room 1020, Admin. Bldg.
New applications and changes will be
effective June 5, with the first payroll
deduction on May 31. After April 24,
no new applications or changes can be
accepted until October, 1957.
Lectures
University Lecture In Journalism.
Wallace Lomoe, Managing Editor of
The Milwaukee Journal, will speak m,
"The Professional Future of the Press"
on Tues., April 2, at 3 p.m. in Audi-
torium A of Angell Hal,
W.D. Falk, Senior Lecturer at the
University of Melbourne. Australia, Vis-
iting Lecturer in the Department of
Philosophy will lecture on "Why Be
Moral?" wed., April 3rd at 4:15 p.m. in
A. H. Aud. C. Sponsored by the Depart-
ment of Philosophy. "
Vladimir Markov, instructor at the
U.S. Army Language School, Monterey,
California, will deliver a public lec-
ture on "The Futurist Poets in Post.
Revolutionary Russia" on Tues., April
2. 7:15 p.m., East Lecture Room, Rack-
ham Building. Sponsored by the De-
partment of Slavic Languages and Lit-
era tures.
Films
Wednesday Noon Film. The film for
this week will be the Adventures of
Chico, Part I, dealing with a young
Mexican boy who makes friends with
birds and animals. 12:30 p.m., Wed.,
April 3, in the Audio-Visual Education
Center Auditorium, 4051 Administration
Buildin,
Concerts
- Student Recital: Edward Tibbs, or-
ganist, at 8:30 this evening in Hill Audi-
torium, presenting a program in par-
tial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Music. Tibbais
a pupil of Robert Noehren, and his re-
cital of works by Marchand, Bach, Rog-
er-Ducasse and Sowerby will be open
to the general public.
University of Michigan Woodwind
Quintet, Nelson Hauenstein, flute, Flor-
ian Mueller, oboe, Albert Luconi, clari-
net, Clyde Carpenter, French horn, and
Lewis Cooper, bassoon, with Marian
Owen, piano, will perform compositions
by Reicha, Huybrechts, Mozart and Rol-
dan, at 8:30 p.m. wed., April 3 in the
Rackham Lecture Hall. Open to the
general public without charge.
Academic Notices
Faculty, College of Literature, Science,
and the Arts: Midsemester reports are
due Wed., April 3, for those students
whose standing at midsemester is "D"
or "E". Report cards have been distri-
buted to all departmental offices. Green
cards are provided for reporting fresh.

men and sophomores and white cards
for juniors and seniors. The reports for
freshmenrand sophomores should be
sent to the Freshman-Sophomore Coun-
selors Office, 1210 Angell Hall; those for
juniors and seniors to the Junior-Senior
Counselors Office, 1213 Angell Hall.
Students not registered in this College
but who elected L.S.&A, courses should
be reported to the school or college in
which they are registered. Additional
cards may be obtained in 1210 Angell
Hall or 1213 Angeli Hall.
Botany 1 Makeup Examination on
Tues., April 2, 7:30 p.m. in Room 2033,
Natural Science.
Sports and Dance Instruction - Wo-
men Students. Women students who
have completed the physical educa-
tion requirement may register as elec-
tives on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednes-
day from 8 a.m. to 12 noon in Barbour
Gymnasium.
Instruction is available in: Modern
dance, ballet, riding, swimming, diving,
life saving and tennis.
Registration in Golf IV (Advanced)
is with the instructor's permission. Try-
outs will be held in the Women's Ath-
letic Building from 3:00 to 5:00 p~m.
Monday, April 1.

4
'a


*1

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Young Republicans Crticie Daily Newsplay

INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
Clarity of Complications?

By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER'S proposal for
determining when a president is incapable
of handling the duties of office represents a high
faith in his own Cabinet,
Beyond that, it is one of the most controver-
sial issues presented to Congress in a long time.
Indeed, there are so many ramifications that
Congress may decide not to attempt to estab-
lish a specific procedure, lest even more prob-
lems be created.
After asking advice from numerous sources,
the President is recommending a constitutional
amendment under which the Cabinet could
decide when the vice-president should assume
the duties of president and when to turn them
back.
Since it is President Eisenhower's own health
that raised the subject at this time, and since
the amendment process is a slow one, some
members of Congress would prefer to act
through legislation.
EITHER WAY, however, and at every point,
E they are going to face'the question of whe-
ther a hard and fast rule will not contain

Under the law limiting a president to two
terms, there could be such a time, when a
political party's leaders might wish to turn a
vice-president into a president for its effect on
approaching elections.
It is not inconceivable that some cabinet and
some vice-president might conspire to stage a
coup, something from which the American sys-
tem of government has been notably free.
Any number of things could occur, even
though American traditions make it unlikely
that they will,
A hard and fast set of rules of succession,
however, would need to be surrounded by a
hard and fast set of checks and balances which
would require clairvoyance to set up.
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER'S 1955 illness,
and those of other presidents, hardly provide
a sufficiently extensive experience on which a
procedure can be based. Each was attended by
its own problems and took place within its own
circumstances, and in each case no serious
national upset occurred.
In the Eisenhower case, the fact that the
President was capable of reasoning, of hearing
and speaking and of being seen for most of the
..w ... -411 -3 _= 4 ..1. _ - L . . ...,.. , .. .. .t, .

(Letters to the Editor must be
signed, in good taste and not more
than 300 words long. The Daily re-
serves the right to edit or withhold
letters from publication.)
Man Bites Dog .,..
To the Editor:
AN OLD expression supposed to
guide newspaper editors in de-
ciding what is news and what is
not news is: "When a dog bites a
man, that's not news; but when a
man bites a dog, that is news."
This means that a rare occurrence
or something unusual should get a
front page spread, while more fre-
quent normal, or logical happen-
ings get little or no mention at
all. The JDaily has apparently been
applying this test to its reports
of political activities on campus.
On March 13, Alfred B. Con-
nable and Ethel Jocelyn Watt,
both Republican candidates for
Regent, met and exchanged views
with students in the Michigan
Union. Two Daily reporters covered
this event. There was no story. Ap-
parently consultation with stu-
dents by Republican candidates is
accepted as routine by The Daily.
When news releases were given
rrl_ Taiu n f,%ofn m _ -n" of

Murphy Committee was announ-
ced, that the two committees for
the Republican candidates be given
equal publicity. This, happily, was
done.
On March 26, two Republican
candidates had breakfast with stu-
dent leaders in South Quadrangle.
A picture was taken by a Daily
photographer and a story was given
to The Daily. Once again, no story
and no picture appeared. It was
probably assumed that the ex-
changing of views with students in
their dormitories by GOP candi-
dates would be taken for granted
by the reading public.
However, it seems that the Daily
thinks it is a rare or unusual oc-
currence when Democrats do some-
thing. When Democrat Regent
candidate Irene Murphy visited
the campus, her visit appropriately
received a front page spread.
Equally odd was the visit of her
fellow Democrat candidate, Carl
Brablec; it too received front page
coverage.
But the rarest news story of all
was last week when the Young
Democrats held their first meeting
since last October. This not only
received a substantial front page
story hut front nag niectur as

straight and normal that it almost
never makes The Daily's front
page.
-YR Executive Board,
William W. Hanks, Pres.
Parking Needs *
To the Editor:
OF NECESSITY, many students
with families live a considerable
distance from Ann Arbor. The au-
tomobile is usually the sole avail-
able means of transportation into
town.
Several measures enacted in
1956-57 have affected these stu-
dents. Last fall the University lift-
ed restrictions on non-essential
student driving
The uesult was an immediate
decrease in parking space. During
tne year several lots have been
closed for construction purposes,
qnd some formerly open lots have
been restricted to permit holders.
Newly built lots and parking
structures are restricted. Space at
University Terrace (3/4 mile from
the center of campus) has just
been restricted to tenants, many
of whose cars are gone during the
day. Many campus streets have 2-
hour meters.

tial, rather than the non-essential,
use of cars by students. Lifting the
driving ban has had the opposite
effect.
It seems to me that if the park-
ing problem is to be solved for stu-
dents who need to drive cars, two
steps are indicated.
Students who can show such
need should be allotted parking
permits on the same basis as Uni-
versity staff.
Students who can not show such
need should be required to park
outside of the area within a mile
of campus during the hours in
which parking lots are restricted,
or to use private parking facilities.
To continue the present policy
is to give convenience precedence
over necessity.
-Evan B. Hazard
Thanks and Hail! . .
To the Editor:
THANKS to a forward-lookng
University and a beneficent
State legislature, we can now point
with hope and pride to the new
Student Activities Building.
Realizing that it will contribute
immeasurably to the development
of the human mind, it is only
n ,_ irn a i.tar rn t vr