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Ethel Jocelyn Watt

1) Yes, because the University
is more cosmopolitan when stu-
dents in this proportion are admit-
ted from other countries and states.
About the same ratio of Michigan
residents leave for other colleges
as out-state students come to us.
The international prestige of the
University is high because so many
do come to Ann Arbor. It is an
educational experience to mingle
with people from other localities.
2) The limit to University ex-
pansion is determined by the hous-
ing situation and by the available
money to pay for the high caliber
of teaching we have tried to give
at this institution. The money to
erect sufficient educational build-
ings in which to teach and conduct
research is also a factor.
3) This is partially answered
in (2). We have to induce the fine
professors to join our staff and
have sufficient funds to hold those
we have.
4) The present Council of Col-
lege Presidents is a move in this
direction. I think the present sys-
tem of separate boards is best. It
is sufficiently time-consuming to
keep fully informed on the needs
and operation of one University.
To serve intelligently on a com-
prehensive State Board of Higher
Education, a man or woman would
have to devote his or her entire
time to the work and the members
of this board would have to be
salaried people -- an additional
cost. At present we. have com-
munity leaders giving their serv-'
ices free of charge.
5) It will enable more students
to "attend the University. The de-
centralization from Ann Arbor
will relieve the housing situation
on the campus. Junior colleges will
enable more students to go to the
University in Ann Arbor. Yet, this
may put an additional burden at,
the University if the majority of
these students decide to go on for
their final two years at Ann Arbor.
We must, though, stress the value
and necessity for extended educa-
tion.
6) Costs must be kept as lowl

as possible to give a college oppor-
tunity to the many capable boys
and girls who have the ability and
will to learn. A small raise for
Michigan residents and perhaps
slightly higher for those from
other states may be necessary but
not a substantial one. It would
prohibit many young people who
work, or partially work, their way
through college from attending at
all. Sixty per cent of University
students work in the summer time
to help defray expenses..
7) I am hoping industry will
continue to take an interest in
helping with the support of the
University. Present economy calls
for this: they need highly trained
men and women to work for them
and, in turn, part of their profits
should help to train these young
people.
We will have to give these pro-
fessors sufficient salaries, sufficient
opportunity for research and study,
and various other inducements to
remain at Michigan.
8) I would like more time to
study possible changes before re-
plying to this. I've been too busy
campaigning to do any research
on this question. All of my answers
have been based on current read-

ing of The Daily, Alumnus and
University Newsletters, which
clearly state all problems and
needs. The correct answer to this
question needs a study of figures
which I do not have at hand.
9) During the student's Uni-
versity career is an excellent time
for training in community life.
Student government is one of the
ways to participate. Since young
people on the campuses are the
future leaders in America, they
should be given as much oppor-
tunity to govern as possible. it is
well to have a faculty Review
Board to check for any possible
errors in thinking: This board is
the same as a teacher correcting
papers. The student isn't always
right. I do think the young people
of today are usually pretty clear-
thinking folks.
The student press is the same as
above. This is their opportunity to
learn and to serve.
As President Hatcher quotes:
"What happens to American edu-
cation will happen to America it-
self."
Republican Regent candidate
Ethel Jocelyn Watt graduated
from the University in 1918.
Her alumnae activities include
president and scholarship
chairman of the Birmingham
Alumnae group, classsecretary,
Class Officer's Council, Alumni
Association Director, Alumni
Association Executive Commit-
tee, Alumnae Council Chairman
and executive committee of the
Michigan Memorial Phoenix
Project. She was a recipient of
the Distinguished Alumni Serv-
ice Award in 1954.
She has been active in such
civic groups as the American
Red Cross, the American Asso-
elation ' of University Women,
Women's City Club of Detroit,
Village Woman's Club and the
Piety Hill Chapter of the
Daughters of the American
Revolution.

Questions
To help acquaint voters with candidates for University Regent,
The Daily asked the four candidates the following questions. Their
answers appear below.
1) Are you in favor of the present out-of-state-in-state stu-
dent ratio, including maintenance of the foreign student popula-
tion? Why?
2) Is there a limit to practical University expansion? Why?
3) Is the University's size related to the quality of education it
gives? Why?
4) Should there be closer cooperation among state institutions
of higher education; possibly a comprehensive State Board of High-
er Education, instead of the Regents, the State Board of Agriculture,
etc.? Why?
b) What role do you think branch schools will play in the fu-
ture of higher education?
6) What is your attitude toward substantial tuition raises?
7) What do you think can be done about the diminishing quali-
ty of the University faculty, as outlined In Vice-President Niehuss'
recent statement to the Regents?
8) What are your views on the present residence halls self-
liquidation plan?
9) What role should student government and the student press
play in University life?

1) I am in favor of reciprocity
among states in exchange of stu-
dents. Further, I feel the presence
of foreign students affords Michi-
gan youth with a living relation-
ship with other cultures and thus,
in itself, is a valuable learning ex-
perience about the world in which
we live. I have no evidence that
out-of-state students come to the
University in greater numbers
than Michigan students seek ad-
missions outside the state.
2) Yes, there is. The present size
of the University is already taxing
the municipal services of the city
of Ann Arbor. To expand further,
the University would need to pro-
vide or supplement such munici-
pal services and thus reach a point
of diminshing return.
3) Not if desirable ratios be-
tween qualified teachers and stu-
dents are maintained, classroom
by classroom. But campus fife im-
plies more than classroom work.
When the student body reaches
a size that inhibits the social par-
ticipation of students in commu-
nal life then the campus has lost
its greatest meaning.
4) We need, first, a voluntary
cooperation among the several
state universities and colleges
wheih will provide leadership in
solving Michigan's over-all prob-
lem of higher education. It would
seem desirable if mutual agree-
ments among such schools could
be reached whereby each is con-
sidered to have a unique service
to offer to an area or certain sub-
ject fields. The governor of Mich-
igan has formulated an over-all
plan for higher education within
the state. If the schools them-
selves cannot evolve asimilar or
better plan it is possible that the
people of Michigan may, through
the Legislature, impose a sup 1.c-
structure.
5) Branches of a university may
be justified to offer some of the
specialized professional educadon
in which it excels. However, the

haphazard development of branch
schools for undergraduates in the
liberal arts might jeopardize a
better overall plan for the State as
a whole. The governor has sug-
gested stte aid to community col-
leges which could be placed, with
forethought and logic, within 25
to 35 miles from population cen-
ters. Such a plan would provide
a "mezzanine floor" between the
high school and the college cam-.
pus as we have known it in the
past. Further, sacb a plan would
provide: 1. Decreased living costs
for the students. 2. Economic sited
plants. 3. Fuller social parti'.pa-
tion in smaller student bodies. '.
More job opportunities for the stu-
dent who wishes to earn while go-
ing to college 5. Release the larger
universities from so great a share
of the burden of housing and in-
structing undergraduates. 6. Offer
the option to students of a coilege
education near home or job; or. an
education with campus life away
from home.
6) The barriers of tuition should
be made lower instead of higher

The pubFl share in the cost of
education should be measured by
the public gain This is a ques-lon
which has been answered in the
case of the elementary-and secon-
dary school.
7) If the University cannot at-
tract and hold qualified faculty,
with its salary scales and working
conditions, there is a danger of
other universities raiding its staff.
8) The social policy which has
been developed for public housing
projects is a good point of com-
parison. In such projects, rents
are based on a self liquidating for-
mula. This seems to be equitable
as a rent policy. I would prefer to
see tuition fees kept low in all
state colleges, allowing the stu-
dent to choose between a college
residence away from home, or one
near home or job.
9) I believe the evaluation of
any service should come from the
consumer. Responsible participa-
tion and comment from students
should be expected and encour-
aged in a liberal universty.

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Irene Murphy

4

Democratic Regent candidate
Irene Murphy received her M.A.
from the University in 1928. A
social worker, she has directed a
case work program for the De-
troit Public Welfare depart-
ment, organized family services
for the United Community Ser-
vices, organized post-war relief
centers in the Philippines and
served on a United States mis-
sion to Manila to administer
foreign aid.
She also advised the Philip-
pine government, on social wel-
fare in behalf of the United Na-
tions and developed village in-
dustry there.
She is mother of one
daughter and the sister-in-law
of the late Governor Frank
Murphy, who was also a U.S.
Supreme Court Justice.


Alfred Barnes Connable

1) A central factor contribut-
ing to the University's stature as
a great university is the wide
geographic area from which it
draws its students. Currently 30
per cent of our students, as against
a pre-war 40 per cent, come from
out of the state and other coun-
tries.' Twelve hundred are from
other countries. Diverse and varied
backgrounds have strengthened
and broadened the University
through the years. I believe we
have a heritage to guard and I
am against weakening a now
strong University with a further
drop in students outside the state.
2) Ultimately the size of the
University will be determined by
the needs of the people of the
state and the demands they. make
upon their institution. In 1941
when I first became a Regent I
thought there was a definite limit
to practical expansion. I now be-
lieve one's thinking on this must
be kept fluid. Since 1941 the Uni-
versity has doubled in size, as it
has in every other fifteen year per-
iod since 1900. Somehow the prob-
lems inherent in size have been,
met - not always ideally, but suf-
ficiently well to have high hope
that intelligence and vision by
the administration can meet the
staggering needs we know are
ahead. The development of the
North Campus is part of that an-
swer.
3) The problems of meeting the
vast swell of enrollment thout
relaxing standards are tremen-
dousjy complicated but I don't be-
lieve a lower quality of education
need follow. If the University ad-
ministration respects our long tra-
dition of quality in teaching,
scholarship and research, the aca-
demic budget will always come
ahead of "bricks and mortar."
Nevertheless we cannot overlook
the fact that the demand for out-
standing teachers is going to be
heavy and unless there is an un-
Republican Regent candidate
Alfred Connable has been a Re-
gent since 1941. Born in 1904,
he graduated from the Univer-
sity in 1925. While here he
served as president of the Stu-
dent Council and night editor
of The Daily. He was a mem-
ber of Sphinx, Michigamua,
Delta Kappa Epsilon and Al-
pha Kappa Psi.
An investment counselor by
trade, his civic activities in-
clude directorships in the Kala-
- mazoo Chamber of Commerce,
Community Chest, Senior Citi-
zens Fund, Symphony Society
and Chamber Music Society.
Connable has served as vice-
president and president of the
Association of Governing
Boards of State Universites and
Allied Institutions.
He is married and has three
children.

forseen solution to the shortage of
teachers, all institutions are forced
to recognize that it will be in-
creasingly difficult to maintain
the quality of their staffs regard-
less of their budgets.
4) Closer cooperation rather
than consolidation seems the an-
swer to me. Logically one must
grant the practical sense of the
many arguments in favor of cen-
tral planning, but psychologically
and practically the arguments fav-
oring separate boards seem to me
to have much validity. I base this
on the first hand opportunity I
have had in sixteen years to com-
pare operation of joint and separ-
ate boards. Actively participating
in the National Association of
Governing Boards of State Uni-
versities and Allied Institutions,
and serving as its president, I have
been in close touch with these
dozens of boards throughout the
country and have observed and
discussed their problems at length
with their members. It still seems
most practicable to me to uphold
the distinctive quality of our vari-
ous state-supported universities
and colleges-a tradition of separ-
ate boards created by our state
constitution. However, the hard
facts of finance and other practi-
cal considerations make it impera-
tive that members of all the boards
and their presidents coordinate
their planning and devise and
implement better means of co-
operation.
5) Branch schools may very
well play an important role in
higher education in the future.
With the Flint branch now oper-
ating and the Dearborn branch
scheduled for 1958, interesting re-
sults should soon be forthcoming
indicating the ability of a branch
to maintain quality standards of
scholarship and teaching. The
policy of taking the campus to
the student should lower his cost
of education. By the same token I
expect a very substantial growth
in our regional, community, and
junior colleges.

do not, believe we can afford to
waste one of our country's great-
est assets: trained minds. Where
increased tuition would deny
training to qualified students I
think scholarship or loan funds
must substitute this economic bar-
rier. I think some adjustment of
tuition fees may be necessary and
equitable-.at least a sufficient one
to catch up with the increased cost
of living. Out-of-state fees are now
being studied. We are being ac-
cused of having lower- fees than
other states. We don't want to
lower out-of-state enrollment and
we don't want to erect an educa-
tional tariff barrier. Perhaps we
can adjust, to a degree, without
these negative results.
7) I believe in both "across the
board" salary increases, based on
service and cost of living index,
and merit increases which might
be substantial, if necessary, to
keep and- recruit the best minds
and skills and talents available.
Constant emphasis on these fi-
nancial factors and the mainte-
nance of a healthy, stimulating
campus environment for our fac-
ulty is, I believe, what Vice-
President and Dean of Faculties
Marvin Niehuss feels is essential,
to keep our standards high. As
Chairman of the Regents Educa-
tional and Policies Committee
Vice-President Niehuss and the
pesrident have my whole-hearted
support on this critical matter.
8) Michigan is one of the first
universities to finance residence
hall construction by the sale of
self-liquidating revenue bonds.
Without this type of private finan-
cing our housing situation would
be completely inadequate. The pro-
gram must be continued with more
equity money found, if possible, to
ease the rigidity of bond service
requirements.
9) My own student participa-
tion, as president of the Student
Council and as a night editor of
The Daily, stimulated an interest
which has steadily grown in stu-
dent government and in the stu-
dent press. I believe the maturity
of college students and their ca-
pacities for taking responsibility
are often underestimated and that
they should be strongly backed in
taking responsibilities of which
they are capable and in expressing
themselves in their organizations
and through their press, particu-
larly on controversial issues.

*6 _ _ _

-Photo Courtesy University News Service
UNIVERSITY REGENTS-The University is governed by the
Board of Regents. Present members are, left to right (top row)
Otto E. Eckert, Leland I. Doan, Paul L. Adams, Charles S. Ken-
nedy, Eugene B. Power, (bottom row) Alfred B. Connable, Univer-
sity President Harlan Hatcher, Roscoe O. Bonisteel and Vera B.
Baits. The terms of Regents Connable and Baits are now expiring;
they will be replaced in state-wide spring elections next Monday.
Regents Get Final Say
In 'U' Interntal affairs

Two new University Regents will
be elected Monday. Two Democrats
and two Republicans are running
to replace present Regents Alfred
B. Connable and Vera B. Baits.
They are Democrats Irene Murphy
of Birmingham and Carl Brablec
of Roseville and Republicans Con-
nable of Kalamazoo and Ethel
Jocelyn Watt of Birmingham.
Constitutional Corporation
A constitutional corporation sep-
arate from the stat government,
the Regents have final authority
over all internal affairs of the Uni-
versity.
The history cf the Board of
Regents extends as far back as
the founding of the University it-
self. The Act of 1817, which initi-
ally created the Catholepistemiad,
or University of Michigan, sneci-
fied 13 didactors, or professorshins.
The . didactor of "Universal Sci-
ence" was the president of the
University.
Powers Listed
This body had the power to
"regulate all concerns of tie insti-
tution, to enact laws for that pur-
pose, to sue, to be sued, to acquire,
to hold and to alien property, real,
mixed, and personal, to make, to
use, and to alter a seal, to establish
colleges, academies, botanic gar-
dens, laboratories, and other use-
ful literary and scientific institu-
tions consonant to the laws of
the United States of America and
of Michigan-and to appoint offi-
cers, instructors and instructri in,
among, and throughout the vari-
ous counties, cities, towns, town-
ships and other geographical divi-
sions of Michigan."
Early Difficulties
Early difficulties which the
Board, changed in structure by
several legislative acts, encounter-
ed, inspired constitutional changes
which gave the Regents new pow-
ers and clarified their relationship
to the state administrative system.
The Constitution of 1850 pro-

vided for Regent elections instead
of appointments by the governor
and legislature, and made the
Board not only a corporate body,
but also a constitutional part of
the state government, coordinate
with the legislative, executive and
judiciary divisions.
Constitutional Revisions
When the constitution was re-
vised in 1908, Regent powers re-
mained substantially the same, and
have continued so to the present.
In practice, the Regents have
left problems of faculty member-
ship, administrative officer ap-
pointments and degree-granting
to the various faculties. But they
have always exercised their con-
stitutional prerogative in control-
ling fiscal policies, investment of
funds, erection of buildings and
control of the budget.
Series of Cases
In a series of cases, the Supreme
Court and Attorneys General have
made it clear that the legislature
can't govern the University's in-
ternal affairs, so all legislative ac-
tions subsequent to 1850 purport-
ing to deal with such affairs are
inoperative.
The Board, however, is subject
to the general legisation of the
state having to do with public
health, safety, morals and general
welfare.

1) Foreign students-of course
we want 'em. This is the twentieth
century. I was a foreign exchange
student at Charles University,
Prague in 1931-32.
In-state-out-state ratio: Should
be maintained to a degree where
necessary and desirable for uni-
versality of student co-mingling
with varied cultural andrregional
experience. You must recognize,
of course, that the Michigan tax-
payer should be protected and
these factors must be kept within
due bounds. ;s there a formula
which might define a point or
crest in out-of-state attendance
values to our University?
2) I hazard an opinion here: No-
body knows! Ten years hence we
may have far different viewpoints
on size, de-centralization and gen-
eral organizations than are pres-
ently entertained. Let's keep an
open mind on this.
3) if this means any institution
enrolling beyon 5,000, then size
beyond that point-is not a factor
except in the mechanics of hav-
ing large numbers in a specific
community. There is as much, or
Democratic Regent candidate
Carl Brablec, 48 years old, has
been superintendent of schools
in Roseville since 1947.
He is also president of the
metropolitan region of the Mi-
chigan Association of School
Administrators and a member
of state educational commis-
sions appointed by Governor
Frank Murphy and G. Mennen
Williams.
A University graduate, he al-
so attended Eastern Michigan
College and Midhigan State
University. He is married and
a past Rotary president F.&-
A.M. No. 522.

6) Until we ease the supply-de-
mand respecting teachers, engin-
eers, scientists, doctors, dentists,
etc., tm reluctant to erect any
barriers, especially where lower
and middle-income students are
concerned. Perhaps the proposed
$50 or $100 would not hamper too
seriously our other students. Our
governing principle here must be
comparability with the general Big
Ten picture. Charges and student
quality could be related, possibly,
and naturally we want our Uni-
versity to maintain an excellent
standard.
7) If this is so, I would be dis-
tressed, indeed. In one way, the
faculty is the University.
8) Well, you can't hit the legis-
latures for everything and come
out successfully! Believe me, this
is the voice of experience! Let's
let this alone and keep those pro-
fessors first. Frankly, I would need
to study the residence matter be-
fore I could express an authorita-
tive opinion.
9) Great responsibility attaches
here. Students should have all the
latitude which they can manage
purposefully. I was editor of the
Michigan State Normal College
News for one year and have a fair
appreciation for the issues which
arise now and then.

, I

little, individuality in a 5,000 situa-
tion as in 50,000 one for education-
al programming, I would hold.
4) Of course. Our governing
boards of higher learning insti-
tutions must arrange and main-
tain definitive liaison.
5) This seems to be the right
channel. Let's see how Flint and
Dearborn pilot through. New York
and California are establishing
patterns which we should watch.

Carl Brablec'

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