Sixty-Seventh Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MIC-I. * Phone NO 2-3241
"When Opinions Are Free
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
THURSDAY, MARCH 21, 1957 NIGHT EDITOR: WILLIAM HANEY
All-Campus Elections
A bungled Affair
LL-CAMPUS ELECTIONS this week was a
bungled affair from the beginning.
Veteran elections workers and Student Gov-
ernment Council members were quick to call it
the worst election procedure they had ever
seen.'
Some have claimed the elections were doomed
from the very beginning because the appoint-
ment of the elections director was made only
four weeks prior to balloting instead of the
usual six to eight weeks.
Others insist the weather was most to blame,
keeping personnel from showing up to man
balloting tables. Count night officials yesterday
found further shortage of personnel and were
forced to appeal to the audience for help in
counting ballots.
Still other officials laid the blame directly on
the elections committee.
HAT THERE were inexkusable errors and
difficulties in election procedures is un-
questionable.
Four printing errors on ballots and another
on the SGC candidates' composite were un-
pardonable and subject to easy correction.
Loss of keys to balloting boxes and lack of
ballots at rush hours can be attributed to some
lack of competence.
Placing of a polling table near meal lines in
South Quad during the lunch hour was a major
indiscretion that, multiplied in seriousness,
might have affected the outcome of the vote.
More important, a South Quad polling table
represented an advantage.in voting for a small
group of persons who could vote and eat at al-
most the same time.
The personnel problem was another serious
one. Council members and officers found them-
selves doing committee work over the weekend
and early this week.
ALL THE ELECTIONS difficulties cannot be
be blamed on the weather this year.
We hope the Council will take the proper
steps with personnel next semester to prevent
this semester's elections from being anything
but a one-time affair.
,-VERNON NAHRGANG
"We've Got To Stop All This Spending On Essentials"
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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Nasser's Judgment Day
IjHUS says the Lord God: When I gather the house of Israel from the peoples among
whom they are scattered, and manifest my holiness in them in the sight of the nations,
then they shall dwell in their own land whic h I gave to my servant Jacob. And they shall
build houses and plant vineyards. They shall dwell securely, when I execute judgments
upon all their neighbors who have treated them with contempt."
-Ezekiel 28:25
FLEDGLING STAGE:
Peacetime Atom Power
To Take Major Stride
AMERICA'S PEACETIME atomic energy program, still in the fledg-
ling stage of development, is slated to take a major stride into the
future sometime this year.
The same awesome force unleashed in the atomic bomb is to be har-
nessed for large-scale production of electricity for homes, shops and
factories. Duquesne Light Co. is nearing completion of its pioneer nu-
clear power station on the outskirts of this little western Pennsylvania
w
village 25 miles northwest of Pitts-
burgh.
Originally, it was hoped the
plant could begin operating in
mid-1957. But the complexity of
the project has set back the tar-
get date until possibly next No-
vember or December.
MANY YEARS of intense re-
search and millions of dollars have
gone into the historic project.
Electricity from atomic energy is
an established fact. The Shipping-
port plant is unique because:
ARCH. AUD.:
Old Movie
Enjoyable
I WOULD HESITATE to recom-
mend this to anyone who limits
his theatre-going to memorable ar-
tistic achievements. :But if you are
willing to relax your standards and
get in the spirit of it, A Double
Life at the Architecture Auditor-
ium, should provide a satisfactory
diversion..
Ronald Colman cozily portrays
an actor of the John Barrymore
variety who throws himself into
the part of Othello so industrious-
ly that he finds it increasingly dif-
ficult to shake off at the final cur-
tain. He develops an unfounded
jealously over his wife (Signe Has-
so), who conveniently plays Des-
demona, you'd think conviently,
but after several half-hearted at-
tempts to do her in at the ap-
propriate point in the play, he
loses his orientation and throttles
a poor drab (Shelley Winters)
whom he loved not wisely nor well.
I suppose this was designed to jolt
us out of our complacency.
ALL OF THIS may sound a lit-
tle phony, but Mr. Colman's sin-
cerity and ardor make a plea for
credibility that is sufficiently dis-
arming. Beyond this he displayed
his customary dash, distingue and
lack of ability (most apparent in
the Shakespearean passages). His
flailing arms and rolling eyes con-
veyed his psychotic disorder far
more melodramatically thanclin-
ically, unless we are to suppose
that a ham goes mad hamilly.
As you can imagine, the Othello
motif saw yeoman service.. When
this was inoperative, the tech-
niques and trials of the theatre
were lovingly reviewed. Why the
mechanics of stage craft should
be the object of entertainment, any
more than furnace cleaning, per-
plexes me.
The . direction was fast paced
and the camera employed with
dexterity. Shelley Winters was en-
tirely engaging in coarse juxta-
position to Mr. Colman's suavity,
although the part was not par-
ticularly difficult. Edmund O'-
brien performed well as an off-
stage Cassio, and Signe Hasso
knew her lines.
-Charles Ewell
1) It will be the first in the
United States to use nuclear ener-
gy for production of large quan-
tities of commercial electricity.
2) It will be the first such plant
in the world operated by a private
company and devoted exclusively
to commercial power.
The world's first full-scale atom-
ic power plant was opened last
October at Calder Hall, England.
However, the primary purpose of
the facility is production of plu-
tonium-an atomic age element
not found in nature-for use in
Great Britain's nuclear weapons.
* * *
PLUTONIUM will, be made at
the Shippingport plant, too. But it
will be used as added fuel.
Duquesne Light, a Pittsburgh
area utility, began constructing
the Shippingport plant Sept. 6,
1954 in cooperation with the
Atomic Energy Commission and
Westinghouse Electric Corp.
Westinghouse is building the
nuclear part of the station under
contract with the AEC.
Cost of the project is estimated
at some 55 million dollars. Dui-
quesne pays about 15 million; the
AEC the remainder.
Duquesne Light will operate the
entire plant when it's completed,
feeding the electricity produced
into its regular system serving Al-
legheny and Beaver Counties Pa.
Allegheny County includes Pitts-
burgh.
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin Is an
official publication for which the
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be sent
in TYPEWRI'TEN form to Room
3553 Administration Building, before
2 p.m. the day preceding publication.
Notices for Sunday Daily due at 2:00
p.m. Friday.
THURSDAY, MARCH 21, 1957
VOL. LXVII, NO. 121
General Notices
The Alice Crocker Lloyd Fellowship
with a stipend of $750 is being offered
by the Alumnae Council of the Alumni
Association for 1957-58. It is open to
women graduates of an accredited col-
lege or university. It may be used by
a Universtly of Michigan graduate at
any college or university, but a gradu-
ate of any other university will be re-
quired to use the award on the Michi-
gan campus. Personality, achievement,
and leadership will be considered in
granting the award.
Application may be made through
the Alumnae Council Office, Michigan
League, and must be filed by April 1.
Award will be announced by the end
of the current semester.
The Laurel Harper Seeley Scholar~-
ship is announced by the Alumnae
Council of the Alumni Association for
1957-58. The award is usually $200.00
and is open to both graduate and un-
dergraduate women. The award is made
on the basis of scholarship, contribu-
(Continued on Page 8)
4.
T IS TIME for Gamal Abdul Nasser to be
judged.
The Middle East will be filled with recurrent
crises as long as there is an Israel, as long
as there is an influential Nasser and as long
as Nasser is uncompromising. One doesn't have
to be prophetic to predict that Egypt, whom
Nasser has committeed to the annihilation of
Israel, will soon fortify Gaza and begin again
fedayeen attacks.
While Israeli soldiers were in Gaza, Nasser
had a reason not to come to terms. Now, the
soldiers have withdrawn and Nasser still won't
budge. Gazawill soon be militarized. No Israeli
ships will use the Colonel's canal. It is doubt-
ful the Jews will have access to the Gulf of
Aqaba once Nasser's soldiers man the'artillery
pieces at Sharm el Sheikh. This is where things
all began last summer.
THE COLONEL has had opportunities to
show his good faith and hasn't. How is this
poorman's Hitler to be handled? Our govern-
ment should at least reach the conclusion that
something different must be done than has
been done since the Suez invasion - appeasing
Nasser.
The next question our government should
face is: Who can handle Nasser? Those who
say the United Nations should be convinced by
now that the UN can only do what Nasser and
the Arab-Asian-Soviet bloc allows. This means
no sanctions and no permanent police force2
are possible.
Now is the.time for the United States to vc4-
ture some independent action in handling tld.
Colonel. By a combination of moves Nasser
could be brought to his knees. The present situ-
ation being what it is, a new three-pronged
venture is worth a try.
FIRST, we can apply considerable economic
pressure as a nation. We have 40 million
dollars of the Colonel's money frozen now. Our
allies have many times this much. We can sus-
pend our aid programs indefinitely. We can
forbid any goods or tourist trade with Egypt.
And we can dump our cotton.
But Nasser is a patient man and he has
Communist friends who would support h.:..
Thus, economic pressure is not enough by it-
self.
Second, we must minimize his importance.
An anomaly of a powerful man, the president
of a country without an army or an economic
base, Nasser controls a vital canal and he leads
the Arab world.
The indispensability of the Canal can be cir-
cumvented by reliance upon a major oil pipe-
line from Elath on the Gulf of Aqaba through
Israel. His leadership among the Arabs can be
undercut by wooing Ibn Saud, something which
is not impossible. Saud could likely lead Jor-
dan, Lebanon and Iraq into a non-Nasser
league.
Third, we should make it clear to Nasser this
country's Middle Eastern policy is premised
on the permanence of the state of Israel; that
we believe the Israeli's should be allowed to
"dwell securely", planting their vineyards and
buliding their houses without fear; and lastly
that if he doesn't come to peace terms with Is-
rael, the United States wouldn't stand in the
way of Israeli General Dayan's army, which
could blitzkrieg Egypt in a couple of days.
-JAMES ELSMAN
(Letters to the editor must be in
good taste and should not exceed
300 words in length. The Daily re-
serves the right to delete material
for space considerations.)
Abstract Art . . .
To the Editor:
JHE COINCIDENCE was ironical,
that in Sunday's Daily appeared
an item on the front page, date-
lined Paris, announcing the death
of Constantin Brancusi, while on
the editorial page Mr. Thomas
Bernakey discussed art and fresh
air.
But Mr. Bernakey was not clear,
and on several points.
He wrote, "Good art must have,
the discipline of a philosophy if it is
to have the efficacy of a religion."
Must art have a religious efficacy?
The art to which Mr. Bernakey
objects has long had not a philos-
ophy but several philosophies,
among them those of Ozenf ant,
Apollinaire, Arp, Motherwell, Mon-
drain, and Herbert Read.
Further, any number of prac-
tising philosophers might take ex-
ception to his statement. Artists
fregently make things and worry
about aesthetics later, if ever. Few
artists are philosophers; fewer
philosophers consider themselves
artists. Nor is all philosophy dis-
ciplined.
Theologians might take excep-
tion, too. Who knows an articulate
religious who would say that art
has the same efficacy as religion?
An artist might say his work is his
religion; indeed, some have, but
they may have been confusing the
mind of the maker with the Mind
of the Maker.
There is, of course, a way of say-
ing that all art is abstract. To use
the word "abstract" as though it
summed up definitively what has
been happening in studios for the
past half-century is too gross a
simplification.
Can one say Picasso or Braque
are more abstract than Leonardo
or Piero della Francesca? It can
be argued that just as all art is
abstract, so is it the conscious cul-
tivation of enigmas. So is philos-
ophy. So is science. In fact, a man
might be distinguished from other
human animals by the kind of
enigmas he cultivates.
To object to an artist's technique
is like objecting to apples because
they don't taste like oranges. One
can not object to artistic tech-
niques, albeit "spewing paint over
the canvas," without at the same
time objecting to the rather ap-
palling but wonderful range of
man's curiosity and expression.
To so object is the first sign of
totalitarian thinking.
Art and life. Life and art. About
the only sure thing that can be
said is this, that the artist of a
given picture picture, poem, or
sonata, was not dead at the time
he made it. How much relationship
life has to art or art to life be-
yond that can be called, and safely,
irrelevant.
-R. C. Gregory
Arab Panel . .
To the Editor:..
ON MARCH 13, 1957 the Arab
Club held a panel discussion on
"Arab Unity." No coverage of that
discussion appeared in The Daily
although seven University students
participated in the panel from the
the U.S.A., the United Kingdom,
Pakistan, and the Arab world.
Since it is our objective to be
given the opportunity to partake.
with our American hosts the views
and beliefs we hold, we would ap-
preciate a listening ear and a co-
operative host.
Most of us are liable to be asked
upon return home about our im-
pressions and notions of the Amer-
ican press, student body and pub-
lic in general.
We welcome cordially American
students to become members of
our club and take part in our ,ac-
tivities. We are not exclusivists or
isolationists and we never like to
be considered as such.
We hope that The Daily will do
us more justice in the future.
-Ibrahim Hazimah
1
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Vast, Undefined Responsibilities Forced Upon U.S. in Mid-East
INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
UInderstandings at Bermuda
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
UNDERSTANDINGS rather than agreements
will be the chief product of the Bermuda
conference.
Former Prime Minister Eden seriously mis-
judged President Eisenhower's reaction when
he decided to use force in the Middle East last
fall.
The chief objective of the President's meet-
ing with Prime Minister Macmillan is to pre-
vent the repetition of such misjudgments.
Other matters to be discussed are tactical.
Editorial Staff
RICHARD SNYDER, Editor
RICHARD HALLORAN LEE MARKS
Editorial Director City Editor
GAIL GOLDSTEIN ....,.......... Personnel Director
ERNEST THEODOSSIN ............ Magazine Editor
JANET REARICK....... Associate Editorial Director
MARY ANN THOMAS................Features Editor
DAVID GREY.-.,x.... ,.........Sports Editor
RICHARDCRAMER........Associate Sports Editor
STEPHEN HEILPERN.. Associate Sports Editor
VIRGINIA ROBERTSON ......,. Women's Editor
JANE FOWLER .......... Associate Women's Editor
ARLINE LEWIS ............Women's Feature Editor
JOHN HIRTZEL.................Chief Photographer
Business Staff
DAVID SILVER, Business Manager
KILTON GOLDSTEIN ... Associate Business Manager
WILLIAM PUSCHT. ............Advertising Manager
CHARLES WILSON ,, ...._.... Fnnc Mnae
A renewal of confidence and complete resump-
tion of intercourse between Britain and the
j United States, which was so badly disrupted,
are major long-term requirements.
Macmillan and Eisenhower have collaborated
well before, in wartime. They are reported to
have great respect for each other. But, as im-
portant as they were, they didn't carry the re-
sponsibilities then that they do now.
CHIEF among them is the protection of the
world's one great, wholly natural, alliance.
Macmillan is reported ready for a coldly
frank discussion of Britain's problems and how
she intends to approach them.
The President is expected to reply as to where
these approaches gibe with American policy,
and where they will have to be compromised
if they are to have American support.
This should serve to save both countries from
future surprises, and enable them to present
the world with a more solid front even at times
when they are in disagreement.
One thing that does need to be settled now
is Britain's role in approaching Middle East
negotiations.
For the moment, it may not be wise for
her to show her face there. Yet she has inter-
ests in the area which are facts of life and
which cannot be ignored.
BRITAIN has made it clear that she does
not intend to clear out and let the United
States become the sole representative of Allied
military power in the area. The way Britain
clings to festering Cyprus, continuing to devel-
op her military base there, is sufficient evi-
By WALTER LIPPMANN
H AVING TAKEN off a bit of
time before starting on a
short trip abroad, I, have spent
quite a little of it wondering
about the Middle East and the
turn in our affairs.
We have had forced upon us vast
but undefined responsibilities in
another great region of the globe.
There are some who think that
by the role we have played in the
United Nations since the Egyptian
crisis last autumn we have won
the esteem and the confidence of
the Afro-Asian nations, and that
they will no waccept us as being
uncontaminated with "colonial-
sm.,
Our optimists think we have
achieved a position in the uncom-
mitted world of Asia and Africa
which is at once anti-Communist
and purged of historic grievances
and suspicions against Europe.
I do not share this view. It
seems to me naive and wishful
thinking. Our connections with the
West are inseverable. The Com-
munist competition is very stronk.
And a new accommodation be-
tween the East and the West will
not come easily. It is perhaps the
greatest and. most difficult task
which lies before us.
* * *
I THINK rather that the events
of the past few months have made
this difficult task much more dif-
ficult. For we have fallen into
what may prove to have been an
irreparable error in the way we
took our stand on the Anglo-
French-Israeli intervention.
body - from Nasser, from Krishna
Menon, or from the Soviets -
that this would not bring about a
return to the status quo ante from
which the explosion erupted.
The result is that on the great
issues of the regime of the Suez
Canal and of the pacification of
Palestine, our policy has meant
that before negotiations are to be-
gin, we have restored and in fact
aggrandized Nasser's bargaining
power.
We have provided him with the
big trumps before the diplomatic
game is played.
Unless we make it our business,
which we could do if we were reso-
lute and resourceful, to restore the
greatly diminished bargaining pow-
er of the United States and of the
Western nations, we shall be nego-
tiating from weakness.
The Soviets are against us. Chi-
na is against us. Nasser and the
Arabs are against us. India is un-
der the influence of their com-
bined pressure. So in fact, also is
the United Nations.
* * *
SINCE THE Second World
War we have entered a new epoch
in the relations between East arId
West. We are at the end of the
centuries which began with the
great European voyages and were
followed by the imperial conquest
of so much of Asia and of Africa.
Though there are pockets of die-
hard imperialism, it is no longer
debatable whether imperialism and
colonialism are to be liquidated.
They are to be liquidated. The
questions everywhere, be it in Cy-
prus, Algeria or Goah, are how the
Neither the he wnations nor the
old nations can live in isolation
from one another, and they must
therefore work out an order of re-
lationship which they can accept.
They are interdependent, as we
can see clearly in the cast of the
Suez Canal and of the oil of the
Middle East.
Europe needs access to the oil,
and the Arab countries would be
sorely stricken if they could not
dispose of their oil to the West.
They cannot dispose of it to the
Soviet Union.
But if this East-West interde.
pendence is to be stable and dur-
able, there must be a reasonable
equality of bargaining power in
working out the principles and the
details of the new relationship.
Since Nasser's seizure of the
canal, since the miscalculations of
the two London conferences, since
the fiasco of the intervention, and
since our own mistaken policy in
the United Nations, the balance of
bargaining power has turned dras-
tically against the West.
This is reflected in the fact that
the Nnited Nations and the United
States are not negotiating with
Nasser. They have been appeasing
him, finding themselves so short
of negotiating power.
* * *
IN NASSER, both as a political
figure and as a symbol, we are
bound to recognize, it seems to me,
a radical opponent of an accom-
modation between East and West.
Nasser's rebellion against the West
has a momentum and a direction
which, if it is not contained and
restrained will carry him beyond
Intends against Israel to keep on
waging war, as hot a war as ap-
pears to him a safely calculated
military risk.
The crux of the Nasser problem
is that his position in Egypt and
his in/uence in the Arab world
would soon collapse if he agreed
to negotiate and to abide by set-
tlements with the Western nations.
He must remain in rebellion
against them, never for long, al-
lowing the con/ict to subside.
He needs the tension of inter-
national, indeed of inter-racial,
struggle. He needs it to maintain
among the Arab masses the image
of himself as their champion. He
needs the tension also for his po-
litical survival at home, to divert
his rivals who conspire against
him, and as a distraction for the
people.
THE EFFECT of Nasser's move-
ment extends far beyond Egypt,
the canal and Palestine. By his
example, through his agents and
his propagandists, he is making it
very dangerous, perhaps impos-
sible, for moderate leaders of the
Afro-Asian peoples to arrive at
settlements with the West. He is
identifying moderation with trea-
son and settlement with betrayal.
This makes it for all practical
purposes impossible for any other
leader in North Africa and South
Asia to come to terms with the
West. This applies even to India
where, unhappily, Nehru is now de-
clining the role in which he had
cast himself, the role of mediator.
For many months past it has
the West as long as our policy, or
at least our practice, is to acqui-
esce in our weakness and to ac-
cept appeasement.
* * *
THE ENLIGHTENED leaders of
the Western nations have hoped
and believed that the old imperial
system could be liquidated in peace
and good will by a wise and friend-
ly acceptance of Eastern national-
ism, by education and technical
assistance, and by generous con-
tributions of capital for the de-
velopment of the new nations.
But as things stand at the mo-
ment, there is no ground for think-
ing that Nasser, who is astride the
strategic center of East-West re-
lations, believes in or wants or will
permit such a peaceable evolution
to take place.
It is not easy to make peace
when only one side wants it.
Nasser thinks he has the upper
hand, having obtained control of
the access of the Western nations
to the oil of the Middle East. He
thinks it has been proved at the
British-French failure last au-
tumn that his paramountcy can-
not be challenged. He thinks that
the United States will not refuse
to coerce him but will in fact ap-
pease him.
All this will now be put to the
test. It will be put to the test over
the regime of the canal, over
whether Gaza becomes again the
base of a guerrilla war, and over
the right of innocent passage in
the Gulf of Aqaba.
The United States has been
heavily committed by the Presi-
dent. and if he cannot or does not
-,
wI