0 4 Sixty-Seventh Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 "One Thing About The Campaign It's Getting The Kids To Bed Earlier" "When Opinions Are Free Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1956 NIGHT EDITOR: CAROL PRINS ' Polish Nationalism Spotlights New Cold War WILLIAM L. RYAN, AP foreign news analyst, writing in yesterday's Daily, referred to the Poland revolution as another fumble of Khrush- chev, saying, "He has brought the Communist party face to face with a disastrous world propaganda defeat." This is not the case. There is no evidence that communism as a social, political and economic way of life suffered any "defeat" over the weekend. Russian imperialism did. There is an important distinction. Another fallacy concerning. the Polish coup assumes that a loss for Soviet imperialism is a gain for United States power and prestige. There is no evidence of this. These fallacies arise from erroneous defini- tions of the 1956 version of the cold war. Two definitions are widely adhered to; a third hasn't yet been appreciated. .First, the cold war is the struggle between . communism and democracy. Until Tito's break with Stalin in 1948 this school was the correct frame of reference for international relations. Tito brought to the scene the element of na- tionalism and it precluded the communism- democracy contest. Polish nationalism has been labelled a defeat for communism. But why so? Gomulka 'is an adamant communist-so are the others on the Central Committee. Have they returned prop- erty to a private status? No. Have they even hinted it? No. Second, the cold war is the struggle between the USSR and the United States for hegemony in the world. Here again, many look at the Poland imbroglio and claim a victory for the U.S., a loss for the Kremlin. But wait . Has Russia's might (H-bombs and Bison bombers) deteriorated an iota? No. Has she lost any divisions? Perhaps a couple of poorly trained Polish ones. Has she lost a buf- fer state? Yes, but who thinks the next war will be fought on the ground. Or has Poland denounced her allegiance to the anti-NATO Warsaw Pact? No. Has Poland indicated anything other than a national breech with the Soviet? No. Yesterday, the official Polish Communist newspaper, Trybuna Ludu, warned that under the "new freedom" Poland still remains. a close friend of the Soviet Union. THIRD, the cold war is the struggle between nationalism and imperialism. This is it, a premise with which to assess the Polish business and most other international affairs in October of 1956. 1 Look around the 1956 world. Where are the trouble spots?-Cyprus, Algeria, Egypt and the Suez, Egypt and Israel, and now Poland. What United Nation is the common basis of these crises?--national aspirations vs. big power imperialism. Thus, contemporary world politiking can't be analyzed in communism vs. democracy or Russia vs. the United States terms. These premises assume fixed geographical boundaries on each side and a toe-to-toe, containment of the opposing philosophy or states. But boundaries are in a constant state of flux and have been since 1945. Self-determina- tion is the order of the day and imperialism is a hasbeen. Note the arrival of these new states on the scene since 1945: Israel, India, Pakistan, Libya, Somailand, Eritrea, Burma, Ceylon, Jor- dan, Syria, Lebanon, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines, Korea, Outer Mongolia, Nepal, Yemen and Sudan. These will attain national status soon: French Morocco, Spanish Morocco, Tangier, Tunisia, Gold Coast, British Togoland, French Togo- land and Malaya. AND NOW nationalism must sweep the Soviet satellite empire. This is one hundred more times inevitable than the ultimate collapse of capitalism. The central point is that in 1956 the power struggle between the USSR and the United States cannot be vented, because neither side knows who he can count on. The ferocity of the USSR-US rivalry will come to light in perhaps 10 years when both sides will be dug in with all the allies they can persuade. This ultimate locking of horns' seems to be avoidable only if the new states form a significant neutral bloc which would keep both the super-powers on their moral best behavior. It would be a supreme stroke for United States foreign policy if we could be farsighted enough to recognize that nationalism vs. im- perialism is the cold war of today and formu- late our policy accordingly. We may in the short run alienate Britain and France with a moral stand on this issue, but we have many millions of the uncommitted to gain. This country must accept the permanence of communism in some countries. We must woo the Communist Pole, Yugoslav, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Rumanian, Czechoslovakian and Al- banian td the moralistic, anti-imperialistic America from the communist, but imperialist Russia. With such an anti-imperialist foreign policy, the Polish uprising could have been a victory for this country. As it is, the Polish independence declaration is a victory for nationalism (butressed by an historical hate for the Russians, a tradition of freedom, and the influence of the Catholic Church), a defeat for Soviet imperialism, and for the United States a lost opportunity. -JAMES ELSMAN, JR. is Ineffective QUINTET: Rare Music Well Played, CHAMBER music in twentieth century America attracts a small audience as compared with attendance at symphony, choral, and solo concerts. If this is true with regard to string quartet pro- grams, It is even more noticeable when woodwind quintets perform. This is regrettable. It is particularly regrettable that so few heard last evening's con- cert in Rackham Hall. Selections of great variety and originality' were combined with musical per- formance of the highest quality. Each of the participants, a fine soloist in his own right, retained his individuality as a performer, and at the same time subordinated himself to the attainment of a higher musical unity by the group as a whole This remarkable oneness of the ensemble, the perfect communica- tion among its members as a unit to the audience, was perhaps the most rewarding aspect of the pro- gram. NO LESS significant was a first performance in Ann Arbor of three compositions, and a rendering of two others which are seldom heard. There remains the sixth number, the Adagio in B-flat (K. 411) by Mozart. If the word beautiful car- ries any "absolute" connotation at all, perhaps one may simply apply it here. To most, this was the only familiar work on the program. The opening composition was the Quintet in G by the little- known composer Danzi. The music itself was technically quite "well made," and most enjoyable to lis- ten to, but occasionally went for- ward only by cliches of style in the hands of a less than first-rate composer. The two-movement Quintet which followed was composed by Elliott Carter, a member of the School of Music faculty. This work was extremely difficult to perform, both musically and technically. The complex contrapuntal nature of many passages, and the striking use of dissonance, require a some- what thorough knowledge of con- temporary music, if one is to un- derstand and appreciate it. 4 * * THERE WERE other factors, however, more easily accessible. Each part was admirably suited to the unique qualities of the individ- ual instrument. The work left many with the general impression, "Let's hear it again!"-always a significant thing for a composer to achieve in. a first performance A programmatic "Chimney of King Rene," by the contemporary Darius Milhaud, the Concerto in G for woodwind trio by Vivaldi, and the modern Czech composer, Leos Janascek's "Mladi" (Youth), completed the program. In the last work, Mr. Teal (bass clarinet) joined the Quintet in an interesting, original, and well writ- ten composition-a fitting climax to a fine musical evening. -Charlotte Liddell WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND: By DREW PEARSON ON January 13, 1953, just seven days before the Eisenhower Administration took office, this column, in appraising the new cabinet, wrote of new Secretary of the Treasury George M. Humph- rey: "He has built up one of the bigger holding corporations of the nation. The M. A. Hanna Com- pany, which he heads, controls the biggest coal company in the world, steamship companies, steel mills, rayon factories, vast ore deposits, a sugar company, and one of the biggest banks in Cleveland.. This background has the advantage of bringing great ability to govern- ment, but it also puts a cabinet member under constant fire for possible favors to his own far- flung companies. "When Mr. Humphrey becomes Secretary of the Treasury and when his many companies and their subsidiaries come up for gov- ernment benefits, as is inevitable, the situation may prove em- barrassing. This column, however, did not t give the entire story, and investi- gators for Congressman Jack Brooks, the tough Texan now probing Chairman Len Hall, have dug up the rest of it. It may bear out the prediction of embarrass- ment. * * * FOR, ON January 16, three days after the above-mentioned column was written, and four days before he became Eisenhower's No. 1 fis- cal cabinet member, Humphrey concluded an important agreement with the government. Discreetly, Humphrey kept out of the'negoti- ations and let his son, George W. Humphrey, sign for the Hanna interests. Three days later, January 19, the Senator Humphrey testified before the Senate Finance Committee re- garding his stock holdings. Sen. Harry Byrd of Virginia was wor- ried about conflicts of interest on the part of the new Eisenhower cabinet with their ramified stock interests. * * * THE NEW Secretary of the Treasury told the senators in brief that he was not selling his stock in the M. A. Hanna Company and its various subsidiaries. He said he had consulted and had been advised there would be no conflict with his work as Secretary of the Treasury. Three days before, on January 16, 1953, Humphrey's son had signed three contracts with the government for the production of nickel, then desperately short as a result of the Korean war. Nickel was needed for jet planes, and the Hanna Company had acquired im- portant low-grade nickel deposits in Douglas County, Oregon, on the develQpment of which it had been given a tax write-off of 85 per cent on $22,000,000 just three weeks before Humphrey became Secretary of the Treasury. The final agreement signed with the government by Humphrey's son, provided: 1. Humphrey's company would sell 125,000,000 pounds of nickel content of ore to Uncle Sam for 20 cents a pound. This meant a profit of around 16 cents a pound or about $19,000,000. * * * 2. THE government agreed to "loan" Humphrey's company $25,- 000,000 to build a nickel smelting plant alongside the mine. Later, according to the contract, the gov- ernment was to pay back the loan to itself, including interest. Thus, the $25,000,000 was advanced to Humphrey to build the plant, then this money is paid back to Humph- rey and the Humphrey company keeps the plant. This meant the plant is a free gift. (Copyright 1956 by Bell Syndicate, Inc.) LETTERS to the EDITORT 'Los Olivadados'.. . To The Editor: s officers of the Gothic Fil6 Society, we have received a number of protests against the inclusion of tht' Mexican film "Los Olvidados" in the Society's series this year. Lest the confusions which characterize these protests spread, we feel that a statement is necessary. The showing by a film society of "Los Olividados" - the English of which is "The Young and the Damned" - should require no de- fense. It is true that this-film dis- plays a savage, immoral and de- praved world. Indeed, the events it portrays and the absence of an explicitly moral point of view may shock some who view it. However, we believe that it is as legitimate for the cinematic art, as it is for any.other dramatic or graphic art, to examine any aspect of life - as long as there is no ex- ploitation of shock for its own sake. "Los Olvidados" is a film of artistic integrity. It attempts to explore - not exploit - degrada- tion. On another matter, we must ourselves make a protest to The Daily. A recent article described Gothic Film Society as a group that shows "ultra-art" films." We don't exactly know what "ultra- art films" are, but we would cer- tainly not join a group, which boasted of showing them. The words strongly suggest an atmosphere of affectation, pre- ciousness and snobbery which Gothic Film Society has always successfully avoided. We hope that any who may have hesitated to join on account of that unfortun- ate phrase will hereby be. reas- sured that it just isn't so. -Allan Silver, Grad., President --Herbert Salzstein, Grad., Sec'y-Treas. Forget the Book! .. . To the Editor: ATTENTION, Dave Kessel: Your discourse on Mantovani left something to be desired-namely, an accurate review. You seem to have a misguided conception that one must believe everything one reads, on record -jackets. Manto- vani's music at the concert cer- tainly wasn't designed for "book lovers" or "record jacket enthusi- asts." It was designed to give the listener two hours of pleasure, and this it certainly did. A book has no place at a con- cert. If you want to read, why not go to the library? You're wasting your time at a concert. Why not try to relax and listen to the nu- sic? Music cannot be enjoyed ful- ly when one is trying to read or merely listening between chapters. No one will argue that Manto- vani could compare with the Phil- adelphia Orchestra or the Boston Symphony. The question is - -should Mantovani in all fairness be compared with these "institu- tions?" Size, instruments, and works which are played by these orchestras are only some of the differences. (An accordian has no more part in the Philadelphia Or- chestra than a tuba in Manto- vani's orchestra. A further point. If you are go- ing to compare orchestras as to composition, why not .compare them on' something each has played? "Serenade for Strings" and Detrich had nothing to do with the program. The next time you write a re- view, would you please 1.) try lis- tening to the music, giving it your undivided attention, and 2.) judge the music on the basis of the or- chestra's own limitations. If the music wasn't pleasing to the ear, why wasn't it? Leave the ration- ale of popularity, record jackets, capacity crowds, etc. to the pub- licity men. -Richard Motz, '58 DAILYI OFFICIAL~ BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an of-, ficial publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. No- tices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3553 Administration Building before 2 p.m. the day preced- ing publication. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1956 VOL. LXVII, NO. 30 General 'Notices Student Art Print Loan Collection. Students who have signed up for pic- tures for the current semester must pick them up by 5:00 p.m. Thurs., Oct. 25. On Tues., Oct. 30, the Collec- tion will be open for rentals for those pictures which remain. Fellowships are being offered by the Bell Telephone Laboratories for pre- doctoral study. The field of study should have a direct bearing on elec- trical communications and may in- 4h ,} THIS week United Nations Week is being celebrated at the University and through- out the world commemorating the anniversary. of the signing of the United Nations Charter. For twelve years, this body has been a sounding board for international disputes, but as far as action taken on these disputes, the UN has proven ineffective. Exemplifying this assertion is the Suez conflict which to date the Security Council has merely hashed about, knowing that any concrete proposal either side submits will be vetoed by the opposing power. This organization, founded on the assump- tion that the five nations which led the struggle against Germany, Japan, and Italy would continue to cooperate, has found itself constantly impeded by Russia's barrage of ve- toes. In the Security Council, composed of China, Russia, France, the United States and Britain, ope veto is all-powerful. This "wea- pon" has been used time and again by Russia to obstruct any possible constructive action by the UN. ON THE positive side, as an organization to promote conditions of stability and well- being among the member nations, the UN has been successfully working through such spe- cialized agencies as the World Health Organ-' ization and the International Labor Organiza=- tion.. We don't need a world-wide organization to act merely as a sounding board for interna- tional disputes and promote a certain amount of economic stability through specialized agencies. We do need an organization that can act effectively in attempting to conserve world peace, not just a panel discussion of these disputes. The only way the UN can be strengthened is to revise the charter so that it will not per- mit one nation to completely obstruct UN ac- tion toward peaceful moves. Possible revisions might be: Permit a dual veto only by Council members to stop UN ac- tion, thus eliminating Russia's sole veto from halting progress; or utilize 8 simple majority vote in the Security Council, or possibly a two-thirds majority; the charter could allow a Big Five nation to use veto power only when action has to do with its own country. Admittedly, none of the members of the Security Council, especially Russia, are par- ticularly willing to give up the security of the veto power. This in itself is a demonstration of the vicious circle of ineffectiveness in which the United Nations is unfortunately enmeshed. -DONNA HANSON POLITICAL PICTURE OF FIVE STATES: Farmers Express Dissatisfaction with Ike .1 INTERPRETING THE NEWS: Contortions of Communism EDITOR'S NOTE: This is a com- pilation of articles by AP's political reporters surveying sentiment in key states on the 1956 presidential cam- paign, By The Associated Press Kentucky . . PRE S I D E N T EISENHOWER seems to have demonstrated in his recent breezy visit to this blue grass area that personal presi- dential campaigning is more ef- fective in many ways than televi- sion appearances. From the evidence of a before- and-after survey here, the politi- cians seem to be right. In direct, local political appeal, an Eisen- hower in the flesh is worth many times an Eisenhower on the TV screen. And the, effect has a ten- dency to ripple out across a whole state. This effect obviously is more psychological than tangible. But, unless all the outward signs are wrong, the impact of a personal visit can't be matched by the wid- er coverage of television. In his nationally - televised Lexington speech on Oct. 1, Eisenhower had both. REPUBLICANS HERE don't ar- gue that any doubtful voter was convinced he should stamp the Republican ticket just because he saw Eisenhower step out of the Columbine III onto Kentucky soil, flash his famous grin, make a few remarks and then take an arm- waving ride through crowd-lined streets. A But they say Eisenhower's fit Minnesota . . . President Dwight D. Eisenhower has a big but diminishing backlog of respect and popularity ,that may carry him to a repeat political victory in Minnesota. But by no means is it a safe bet that this will happen. Minnesota still has some un- happy farmers, despite the best corn and soybean crops on record. And Eisenhower's i mp re ss iv e strength of 1952 clearly has been melting away. The presidential race is so tight that Adlai E. Ste- enson could well win the state. Professional politicos are mak- ing the expected claims. Yet the Republicans concede Eisenhower isn't as strong as he was four years ago and that the battle for Minnesota's 11 electoral votes is uncomfortably close. * * * THE MINNEAPOLIS Tribune's Minnesota poll, which has a repu- tation for calling the political turn pretty accurately, reported in late September that the Eisenhower- Nixon ticket was a share ahead of the Stevenson-Kefauver team in what was almost 'a neck-and- neck race. The GOP was doing better in smaller cities and towns, the Dem- ocrats in the major cities and on the farms. The farm issue is the big one. It is in rural areas that Eisen- hower's popularity has skidded most. Farmers tell you hog, cattle and egg prices are better than thov Interviews with scores of farm- ers indicate the Tennessean, nom- inated by the Democrats for the vice presidency, is considerably more popular on this state's farms than is Adlai Stevenson, the par- ty's presidential candidate. Democrats are counting heavily on Kefauver to change the pres- ent political outlook which on the basis of views expressed by po- litical leaders, farmers and farm leaders, business and professional men and newspaper men - is for an Eisenhower victory in the state. * * * SEVENSON RECENTLY told party leaders at Newton that the vice- presdiential candidate will spend quite some time campaign- ing in the state. Hog and cattle prices between now and election time could fig-, ure importantly in the campaign because these meat animals will be principal products Iowa farm- ers will sell in the meantime. Alfred Loveland, of Waterloo, undersecretary of agriculture un- der the Truman administration and later a Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate, predicted that if hog prices drop below $15 a hundred pounds Stevenson will win. Prices have been running a little above this level, but in- creases in marketing are ahead. * * * Oklahoma . . WILL A. STRUCK, who farms 480 acres of wheat land hard hit by drought, leaned on the front fendr o f a nh~ared ar ondr en-_ REPUBLICANS SAY the farm revolt is overrated. Anyway, they are betting on big majorities in Oklahoma City and Tulsa, where Eisenhower four years ago rolled up a formidable 52,000-vote ad- vantage. Walter E. Curry, Republican state chairman, predicts Eisen- hower won't do as well as his 87,000-vote margin four years ago. On the Democratic side, Sen. Mike Monroney figures Stevenson to win by 80,000 votes. He's bank- ing heavily on farmer discontent to infect the small town mer- chant. As for the state political report- ers, they're so evenly divided that Oklahoma will have to go down as truly doubtful. * *, * Wisconsin . . DEMOCRATS are crowding up to the political wailing wall in Wisconsoin. And this is making the Republicans uneasy. Te hear top Democrats talk, the presidential election is over before the voting-and Adlai E. Steven- son isn't the winner.' Republicans are afraid this idea Is spreading among President Ei- senhower's supporters and too many of them will sit home Elec- tion Day and not bother to vote. *, ' * THAT'S ONE factor that may cut down the 3-2 vote margin Ei- senhower rolled up in taking Wis- consin and its 12 electorial votes four years ago. Another is the N A By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM, still not re- covered from the confusion caused by the downgrading of Stalin, is now facing an even more serious crisis. The Stalin thing, although, confirming what the rest of the world has been saying about him for years, was primarily a family affair. Today, with the spread of independence demonstrations in the European satellites, both the central command at Moscow and the parties in other countries have a factual situation with which to deal. T HE AGREEMENT between the Communist parties of Yugoslavia and Hungary is not an important part of the independence movement, although it could become so. It is so far an outgrowth of the pacification efforts directed at Tito and begun in Moscow more than a year ago. It has as its background, however, the "liber- alization" statements made by Khrushchev. These statements gave nationalist leaders in the satellites just enough rope so that they now may be able to jerk it out of Russia's hands. From a settlement of the 1948 feud Hungary and Yugoslavia may be able to progress toward a united front against Kremlin control. a..