Sixty-Sixth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
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"What Ever Came Of All That Talk of Atomic Power?"

hen Opinions Are Free
Truth Will Prevail"

Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staf writers or
tIie editors. This must be noted in all reprints.

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'NO. 2' POSITION:
TheVice-President:l
A For gotten Man
By HUGH A. MULLIGAN
Associated Press Writer
EVER hear of Richard Mentor Johnson. Hannibal Hamlin or George
M. Dallas?
If not, then perhaps you can sympathize with President Rutherford
B. Hales, who once asked, "Who is William Almon Wheeler?"
Wheeler, it turned out, was an obscure New York lawyer who was
to serve as Hayes' vice-president, an. office held by all the aforemen-
tioned gentlemen and for which Richard M. Nixon and Estes Kefauver
now contend. Johnston was vice-president under President Martin
Van Buren, Hamlin under Abraham Lincoln and Dallas under James
Polk.
History has Just about forgotten them, a fate shared by many

NESDAY, OCTOBER 10 1956

NIGHT EDITOR: TAMMY MORRISON


1

SGC and Sigma Kappa:
A Clarification

AS STUDENT Government Council meets to-
night to consider Sigma Kappa and its
membership policies, there is need for clarifica-
tion of SGC's responsibility in the matter and
what it can do in the face of a reticent nation-
al sorority.
SGC may withdraw as well as extend of-
ficial recognition to campus organizations. And
it may decide whether Sigma Kappa is in vio-
lation of University regulations regardless of
whether the national cooperates.
SGC was recognized as the new student
government at the University as a result of
student body elections and Regental approval
in December, 1954. Its powers and operating
procedures derive from those of the defunct
Student Affairs Committee and the outgoing
Student Legislature. SGC was substituted for
SAC as the organization responsible for grant-
ing official recognition to student groups.
IT ASSUMED the rules set down by SAC as
precedents for its own decisions on whether
to grant recognition. One of those rules, passed
May 3, 1949, by SAC, stated: "Recognition will
not be granted any organization which pro-
hibits membership in the organization because
of race, religion or color." Hence, groups want-
ing to come on campus after the 1949 ruling
have been required to submit evidence that
their policies are consistent with this and oth-
er, University regulations.
Furthermore, in order to enjoy continued
recognition organizations must, among other
things, continue to meet the conditions for ini-
tial recognition. An organization cannot state
when coming on campus that it has no discrim-
inatory membership policies, then change its
position following recognition so that it does
discriminate.
Still jfurther, University regulations state
that continued recognition is contingent upon
the organization's acting "in good faith with
the spirit of the k'egulations for recognized or-
ganizations." Thus the mere claim that the
group has no written restriction of membership
does not exempt it from the 1949 ruling.
SGC's jurisdiction in the matter is not
only implied but specifically stated in the Uni-
versity regulations: "If the action to withdraw
recognition is based solely or principally upon
failure of the organization.to meet the require-.
ments for the maintenance of recognition the
Committee on Student Affairs (now SGC) will
assume final judgement."
r'HE LOCAL chapter of Sigma Kappa was re-
'activated on March 18, 1955, at the first
meeting of SGC. At that time, the Dean of
Women certified that there was no evidence of
a discriminatory membership clause in the con-
stitution which had been submitted to her. On
this basis and Sigma Kappa's agreement to
comply with other University rules, the local
chapter was recognized.
At the time there was no reason to doubt

Sigma Kappa's faith with regard to the 1949
ruling. However, at the end of July this year,
the sorority's National Council suspended chap-
ters at Tufts and Cornell "for the good of the
sorority as a whole." It so happened that these
two chapters were the only ones suspended.
And it also happened that these two chapters,
were the only ones that had pledged Negroes.
It is possible, then, that Sigma Kappa is
not complying with University regulations. Here
is the basis for SGC's consideration of Sigma
Kappa's status on this campus.
The only question remaining is what in-
formation is necessary in order for SGC to de-
termine Sigma Kappa's status at the Univer-
sity. This question is entirely up to the Coun-
cil. When final action is taken on whether the
local chapter should be granted continued
recognition, Council members will decide on the
the available information.
To date, the national has refused to cooperate
not only with students and administration atI
this University, but with the.student govern-1
ments, chapter officials and administrations'
at Tufts and Cornell. The national is aware
that the status of its chapter on this campus
is doubtful because of the two suspensions.
More than two months have elapsed since the
suspensions - plenty of time for the national
to decide whether or not it does discriminate.
T HAS been pointed out that the members of
the National Council are now in various parts
of the country, and consequently no statement
can be made at present. It should be noted
that it was not too difficult for the members
of the National Council to come together and
take action this summer "for the good of the
sorority as a whole." Should it spare any less
effort when the existence of several of its chap-
ters is threatened because of its action?
There have been no facts presented to
contradict the logical presumption that Sigma
Kappa's membership policies are discrimina-
tory. Sufficient opportunity has been given sor-
ority officials to state their position. They have
refused consistently. SGC must act on the
available facts.
To insist, as one Council member did, that
nothing can be done unless the national pub-
licly announces its guilt is to reduce to futility
the implementation of University regulations.
Carried to its logical ends, this argument would
render judicial action on a national scale im-
possible. Sigma Kappa has an obligation -
if in fact there is another reason for the sus-
pensions - to present it immediately.
If Sigma Kappa national decides in the
future what is meant by "the good of the sor-
ority as a whole," then of course any decision
of the Council can be re-evaluated.
If SGC delays in taking action tonight, it
will have failed to recognize 'its jurisdictional
responsibilities.
--RICHARD SNYDER
Daily Editor

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WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND
Dulles Lost Greek Votes
By DREW PEARSON

Washington-Chairman Len Hall
has been trying to persuade
John Foster Dulles to campaign for,
the GOP'ticket, and the Secretary
of State is wavering. Hitherto he
has maintained that for the sake
of the bipartisan foreign policy he
should keep aloof..
Before Hall urges Dulles further,
however, he ought to check with
leaders of the Greek Orthodox
Church, before which Dulles spoke
last week.
Prior to Dulles' speech, Arch-
bishop Michael cautioned his co-
horts to keep out of Stevenson
headquarters which are located in
the Sheraton-Park Hotel, also
headquarters for the Greek Ortho-
dox convention.
"No political activity, no political
activity,' the Archbishop warned.
FOLLOWING DULLES' speech,
however, he stopped his warning.
For Dulles addressed the Greeks
not about Cyprus where U.S. back-
ing of Britain has been severly crit-
icized, but about the Poznan trials
in Poland, a long way from Greece.
Most amazing of all, Dulles in-
directly criticized the church in
Poland for political activity, which
in the opinion of Greek-American
listeners did two things:
1. It put him on the same side
as the Kremlin, which also op-
poses church activity in Poland.
2. It put him against the poli-
tical activity of Greek Catholic
Archbishop Makarios, who has
been exiled from Cyprus by the
British.
* * *
THOUGH THE Roman Catholic
:Church is involved in Poland, the
Greek Orthodox Church is just as
vigorous in claiming that human
relations and political relations are
intertwined and that the church
has a right to fight for them.

"Dulles probably lost the GOP
100,000 votes by that speech," re-
marked George Vournas, promi-
nent Greek-American.
What the foregin ministers
meeting at the UN seems to ig-.
nore is the need of long-range
planning for the Suez Canal and
the Near East.
The British and French have
been so peeved at John Foster
Dulles that for a time just before
the New York meeting they re-
fused to give him any inkling of
their plans.
But while the wold's to'p states-
men have been haggling over co-
lonialism and legalities, the en-
tire Near Eastern policy of the
United States has been on a week-
to-week, day-to-day basis.
WE HAVE HAD no long-range
plan, no ten-year goal on which
to set our sights. Population along
the Nile is increasing; the stan-
dard of living decreasing. Arab
populations are restless. The situ-
ation between Israel and the Arab
states has been verging on war.
Yet the United States has de-
cided its policy on a shifting day-
to-day basis. Whatever Mr. Dulles
decides on a certain day is Ameri-
can policy; and that may de-
pend on where Mr. Dulles is that
day and who he is talking to.
Meanwhile, the hard facts are
that the Suez Canal in ten years
will be completely out of date. In
ten years it will be carrying 4,000,-
000 barrels of oil a day to supply
Europe. Seventy per cent of the
world's oil supply lies under the
arid sands of the Arab countries,
most of it in Saudi Arabia. That
oil is ' essential to Europeon in-
,dustry, and the increased con-
sumption will mean either a new
duplicating canal; or huge tank-

ers will be built to go all the way
round Africa; or at least two more
pipelines from Iraq and Saudi
Arabia to the Mediterranean.
All this means constructive
planning. It doesn't mean day-to-
day dickering over the diplomat-
ic council tables. It means long-
range, careful planning for peace
and cooperation in the Near East.
AT THE TIME of the Roman
Empire, this little area of the Near
East (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jor-
dan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and
Egypt) held 60,000,000 people. To-
day it holds 25,000,000. Then it was
under one government; which,
though tyrannical, kept the peace.
Today the area is chopped up
into little bitter countries, With
only one progressive, forward-
looking nation in the area-Israel.
It's progressiveness, however, only
incurs greater bitterness from
Arab neighbors.
Saudi Arabia is rolling in oil
royalty money, so much that King
Saud doesn't know what to with
it. Egypt in contrast is poverty-
striken. Its average annual in-
come is $94 a year. Its population
is infested with trachoma, X'B, and
venereal disease; ' seems to get
more depressed, poverty-stricken,
more diseased each year.
* * *
OLONEL NASSER was picked
by Dulles and his near eastern ex-
perts as the champion of the un-
derdog. But he has spent his mon-
ey on Russian arms and forgotten
about the fate of his people. He
now has about $25,000,000 in Rus-
sian arms, and to pay for them he
has hocked his national income
for years to come.
With these arms, Nassr is al-
most certain to use them. He has
to justify their purchase. That's
why Israel is so nervoustoday. She
is the only target.
All this requires statesmanship
of the constructive, long-range
order, not day-to-day diplomatic
haggling.
(Copyright 1956, by Bell Syndicate, Inc.)

of our vice-presidents.
Created almost as an after-
thought by the Constitutional Con-
vention in1787, the vie-presidency
has held a strange and changing
potsition in American political his-
tory, going from a state of near
oblivion to its present high status.
NIXON HIMSELF has played an
important part in that metamor-
phosis. No vice-president in history
has traveled more, or has been
entrusted with more important
assignments.
During Eisenhower's convales-
cense after a heart attack Nixon
pf'esided over Cabinet meetings.
But from the time of John Adams,
our first vice-president, to Thomas
Marshall's tenure in the Woodrow
Wilson administration, the vice-
president never attended Cabinet
meetings, was not consulted on ad-
ministration policies, had no pa-
tronage to dispense and could not
make appointments to any of the
service academies.
In fact, the Constitution gave
him no other job than to preside
over the Senate. And it wasn't un-
til 1951 that a law was adopted
clearly spelling out the vice-presi-
dent's right of succession in event
of death or "incapacity" of the
President. Even now, "incapacity"
has not been clearly defined.
Prior to this law, it was argued
- even as late as the Truman
accession in 1945-that the vice
president only became "acting
president" or "president pro tem"
when the President died.
* * s
THE REPUBLIC was 50 years
old before the problem came up.
Vice-President John Tyler was
playing marbles with his son in the
doorway of his Williamsburg, Va.,
home when a messenger arrived
with the news that President Wil-
liam Henry Harrison was. dead,
exactly 30 days after his inaugura-
tion.
Tyler, with some difficulty, bor-
rowed money to get to Washington,
moved into the White House and
proclaimed himself president, with
all rights, powers and the full
salary of that office. John Quincy
Adams denounced him as a
"usurper" and every member of
the Cabinet except Daniel Web-
ster, who was in Europe at the
time, resigned.
Tyler managed to weather the
storm of abuse and set a precedent
that was followed by the six other
vice-presidents who stepped into
the top office by death or assassi-
nation of the president. He finally
won posthumous justification in
the 1951 law.
The office of vice-president has
often been scorned by those who
occupied it.
"My country," complained John
Adams, "has provided for me the
most significant office that ever
the invention of man contrived or
his imagination conceived."
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, on
the way to his inauguration as
vice-president under William Mc-
Kinley, said he was "going to take
the veil."
Daniel Webster refused to run
for vice-president on the William
Henry Harrison ticket in 1839, say-
ing, "I do not propose to be buried
until I am really dead and in my
coffin." Within a month, Harrison
was in his coffin, Tyler in the
White House and Webster was left
with the thought that he would
apparently rather be wrong than
vice-president.
The vice-presidents, d o w n
through the years, form a strange
collection in the nation's gallery
of fame and infamy. Their ranks

include, besides several future
presidents, an indicted murderer
and traitor, an innkeeper, a pirate
and future Confederate general,
and a pair of accused swindlers.
AARON BURR, who served under
Thomas Jefferson, was indicted for
murder in the duel slaying of
Alexander Hamilton and later for
treason in a plot to seize the new
Louisiana Territory.
Schuyler Colfax and Henry Wil-
son who for some unknown reason
changed his name from Jeremiah
J. Colbaith suffered disgrace in
the Credit Mobilier scandals while
serving successive terms under
President Ulysses S. Grant.
John Breckinridge, the last vice-
president before the Civil War, be-
came a Confederate combat gen-
eral; refused to surrender and
finished up his days as a pirate.
New Books at Library
Blanchard, Dorothy C. A.-Na-
tucket Landfall; N. Y. Dodd, Mead,
1956.
Dingwell, Eric and Langdon-
Davies, John-The Unknown-is it
Nearer; N. Y., New Am. Lib, 1956.
Hazaz, Hayim -Mori Sa'id; N.
Y., Abelard-Schuman, 1956.
Kauffmann, Lane-Six weeks in
March; Philadelphia & N. Y., Lip-
pincott, 1956.
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an of-
ficdal publication of the .University of.
Michigan for which the Michigan Daily
assumes no editorial responsibility. No-
tices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN
form to Room 3553 Administration
Building before 2 p.m. the day preced-
ing publication.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1956
VOL. LXVII, NO. 18
General Notices
An Encyclopedic.Survey Part:VIII,
edited by Walter A. Donnelly, :is .now
available at The University of Michi-
gan Press offices, 412 Maynard street.
It gives descriptions and history of
many departments, institutes,and most
buildings pn campus. Price Is $2.50.
Blue Cross Group Hospitalization,
Medical and Surgical Service Programs
for staff members will be open from
Oct. 8 thru Oct. 19, 1956, for new ap-
plications and changes in contracts now
in effect. Staff members who wish to
include surgical and medical services
should make such changes in the Per-
sonnel Office, Room 3012 Administra-
tion Building. New applications and
changes will be effective Dec. 5, with the
first deduction on Nov. 30. After Oct.
19, no new applications or changes can
be accepted until April, 1957.
The Ford Foundation is offering fel.
lowships for the academic year 1957-58,
for study and research on foreign area
and foreign affairs. Fellowships are
available to college seniors, graduate
students, young faculty members, and
scholars who have already received the
doctorate. Applicants should be under
40 years of age. Persons in the fields of
law, social sciences, humanities, and In
ternational relations are Invited to ap-
ply. Work should pertain to Africa, Asia,
the Near East, the Soviet Union or East-
ern Europe. Study and research may be
undertaken in the United States or
abroadbeginning as early as the summer
of 1957.
Applications will be accepted through
Dec. 15, 1956. Details and more informa-
tion may be obtained in the Offices of,
the Graduate School. Applications may
be obtained by writing to the Ford
Foundation, 447 Madison Avenue, New
York 22, New York.-
Student Government Council Agenda
Meeting of Oct. 10, 1956.
Minutes of previous meeting
Officers' Reports: President - Sigma
Kappa Study Committee. Vice President
-Council appointment Lecture study
Committee. Treasurer - Homecoming
Dance, recommendation Finance-report.
Proposed budget 1956-57.
Student Representation. Counselin

Study Committee.
National and International. Free Uni-
versity of Berlin. United Nations Week.
NSA Congress.
Campus Affairs. Early Registration pass-
es, motion, Engman. Activities booklet,
motion, Engman.
Public Relations. Speakers Guild -Ron
Shorn.
Coordinating and Counseling. Calendar-
ing, Galens' city drive. Elections com-
mittee - progress report.
Activities: Union Co-ed Show, Musket
Dec. 5, , 7 "Brigadoon" Mich. Theater
8 p.m.
Old Business.
New Business.
Members and constituents time.
Adjournment.
Next Meeting Oct. 17 Union.
l~ant s

A

a

e

4'

Open Rush System Defended

1.

RECENT REFORMS advocated for a new
fraternity bidding system do not have a
sufficient basis to be instituted on this campus
now.
The open rush period provided for in the
present system attempts to make allowance for
any deficiencies in the formal rushing period.
During the open rush period, the handshaking
procedures are relaxed and the fraternity can
evaluate each rushee in informal manner.
One of the faults of the formal rush is the
fact that the larger houses are swamped with
the greater portion of the rushees at the ex-
pense of the medium sized and smaller houses,
which the rushee must -pass up because of a
lack of time.
THE OPEN RUSHING system anticipates this
situation. Any man who has not pledged a
fraternity at the end of the formal rushing
period, and who is sold on the fraternity way
of life and sincerely wants to join a group will
find a second opportunity during the informal
rushing period which starts on October 22 and
runs until the last day of classes at the end
of the semester.
During this time he may rush fraternities by

invitation he may not have visited during
formal rush. If a man has not pledged, arrange-
ments can be made through the IFC for invita-
tions to be extended.
There is a fraternityto suit every man.
But, as the proposed reforms would have it,
each individual fraternity is not obligated to
accept all of those who wish to join. Every
social group retains its right to determine its
own membership. Likewise the fraternity sys-
tem as a whole should not be forced to accept
members which it does not deem desirable.
HE PERSON-TO-PERSON rush, the man-
to-man system is not an out of date way of
fraternity selection. The bid system originated
over half a century ago with the founding of
fraternal organizations and has served them
well during that time.
Fraternities realize that their continuation
depends on wise selection of their members,
and regard rushing as one of their most im-
portant activities. More evidence must be pre-
sented in favor of the IBM preference card
system before the present man to man rush is
abandoned.
-GERALD DeMAAGD

1

,!

To The Editor
Letters to the Editor must be signed and limited to 300 words. The Daily
reserves the right to edit or withhold any letter.

.
,.,


LJTTLE MAN ON CAMPUS

by Dick Bibler,

International Housing Unit

AST SPRING, Dr. Davis, director of the
International Center, submitted a proposal
to the Administration for an International
housing unit. This building would accommodate
one thousand American graduate and "mature"
foreign students in the apartment and residence
hall types of housing.
According to Vice-President Lewis, this pro-
posal is "purely a dream up to now" and must
still go through a discussion period. In order
to make this "dream" a reality, the administra-
tion must find some concern to foot the bill
because the University "hasn't . the funds to
finance it."
How long this process of discussion and con-
cern searching will take, nn acministratinn

official will venture. However, in lieu of the
severe housing shortage the campus faces,
which especially affects foreign students, it is
essential that officials speed up discussions
and find funds, so that these students can be
given permanent, rather than temporary, hous-
ing in the NEAR future.
TRUE, THIS will not solve the University's
housing shortage which only this September
was termed "desperate." Crowded temporary
housing pools, and dinky off-campus rooms at
exhorbitant rents, would be replaced by rooms
and apartments with eating facilities and a
fair amount of spaciousness.
7n m a fnhnnicrfn _ inn li hm 

More Than Tradition. .
To the Editor:
THIS is directed to Mary Ann
Thomas regarding her article
in Sunday's Daily of "Dismal Day,
Dismal Game." I refer particularly
to the closing lines of the article,
"No Michigan students were cheer-
ing then (referring to the fourth
quarter rain), the dismal silence
was interrupted only by the driving
rain and an occasional grieved "Oh
no." Mary Ann, where were you in
those final minutes?
I was standing in the midst of
Block "M" with thousands of
others, those last few minutes,
with the rain dripping off my
nose. With two minutes left to
play,. the loyal fans that were
soaked to the skin, began to sing
"Hail to the Victors" followed by
the slow but spirited rhythm of
"Go Michigan-Beat State." That
"dismal silence" was so shattered,

the spirit was high, even in de-
feat, because the Michigan stu-
dents knew that it takes more to
make a "Great University," with
its tradition, than a winning foot-
ball team.
-James A. Smith,'-59
Sidewalk Football . .
To the Editor:
THE thoughtless action on the
part of some fraternity resi-
dents in playing football on their
front lawns should be given some
consideration. Recently, while my
wife was walking with our daugh-
ter on the sidewalk past a frater-
nity house, several of the players
charged out of the yard onto the
sidewalk, slammed into my daugh-
ter's stroller and knocked her to
the ground violently.
Fortunately, the child was not
severely injured but she and my
wife were thoroughly frightened

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