Sixty-Sixth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 'We Don't Want Any More Magazines!" 'hen Opinions Are Free, Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of'the writers only. This must be noted in all reprints. Y, JANUARY 20. 1956 NIGHT EDITOR: MARY ANN THOMAS GOP Administration Record Shows No Basis for Change, HOWEVER intently the national stethoscope is trained on the heartbeats of President Eisenhower, and whatever next month's medi- cal verdict will be, a review of the past four years' achievements is in order. Democrat predictions of the "I can do better" variety in- crease the need for such a review. Eisenhower's administration gives cause for serious doubt that Democrats, now sharpen- ing their political claws in anticipation, could do it better. The simple question remains: why change? Culminating his more than satisfactory White House term is Ike's forecast of a balanced budget for fiscal 1957. The budget showvs every prospect of materializing and netting a drasti- cally-needed surplus. STATEMENT of the need to "sustain the un- precedented prosperity" Republicans and Democrats alike now enjoy is one budget mes- sage highlight. That the prosperity is un- precedented can't be denied. Employment lev- els, guided by Eisenhower's astute middle-of- the-road policies, have reached a peak un- approached by any previous administration. At best the Democrats in Chicago this sum- mer can promise to maintain the present eco- nomic level. They can do this only by a policy of moderation directly imitating Ike's. Again the question: why change? It's hard to en- vision any improvement of the present level. Ike's policy, not excluding the efforts of Mr. Dulles, has averted a recurrence of out- and-out international conflict. No world fig- ure today commands greater respect than Eis- enhower does, and it's a safe guess that even if Ike himself could not run again, his, suc- cessor would well maintain his policies. ANOTHER POINT to Eisenhower's credit is the achievement of a rare balance between interests of industry and labor. Traditional claims that he is pro-big business simply be-' cause Republicans are supposed to favor man- agement are without much foundation. Cer- tailly labor factions can't claim that their interests -in the past four years have been thwarted, nor that a Democrat administration could better serve them. Accusations aimed at Eisenhower's agricul- tural policies don't consider the time needed to bring the policies to fruition. Culmination of the soil bank program will offer considerable aid for the farm situation. The delicate bal- ance between agricultural supply and demand, still painfully out of proportion, can be ad- justed by adherence to Republican outlines. Opposition demands for tax cuts seem to gloss over the fact the reductions would erase the surplus now made possible by Ike's bal- anced budget plans. For purposes of reducing the national debt, such a surplus is needed drastically. EISENHOWER has shown, too, an acute per- ception of the needed financial ratio be- tween domestic welfare spending and heavy continued outlay for defense and foreign aid. Only recently has the country been in position to concentrate on needed internal improve- ments, and the present administration has shown signs of being best able to meet the needs. Ike's moderation has admittedly made ,him a people's president more than the traditional stereotype of a GOP figurehead. But since Eisenhower has come in under Republican aus- pices, and bettered both his party's and the nation's position in the bargain, there seems little reason why he-or a candidate following his principles-shouldn't be re-elected. --JANE HOWARD, Daily Associate Editor Why Doesn't Business School Use Evaluations? F ACULTY EVALUATIONS are a good idea-- so good, in fact, that it is lamentable the School of Business Administration has failed to implement them. - Both the literary college and the engineer- ing college have recently completed faculty evaluations. In the literary college the project is .faculty-sponsored; the engineering council initiated their evaluation program. Faculty evaluations not only provide the faculty with some indication of the effective- ness of courses and teaching methods, they serve as a valuable stimulus to students. They are beneficial to both groups. It is surprising neither faculty nor students of the business school have evidenced any in- terest in an evaluation program. The business administration council is an obvious group to initiate faculty evaluations. Sponsorship of the evaluations would help justify the existence of a body which serves, in the eyes of many students, little worthwhile purpose. More than that, it would be a ser- vice to both faculty and students of the school. -LEE MARKS ,,:- . s......s..... .i r 4 i r ti F r A .AT TESTATE: 'Court Martial' One-Sided Portrayal BILLY MITCHELL was a sort of military visionary who had a great deal of sense about the importance of aviation in warfare. "The Court Martial of Billy Mitchell" shows the world how maligned and misunderstood he was by the U.S. Army at the time of his trial a few years after the first World War. The facts may be true and certainly Mitchell did much to make the nation realize the position of the Air Service, as it was then called. But the film stacks it all one way. The Army and the government are portrayed, collectively and individually, as the meanest, slimiest gang of black-hearted villians since Blackbeard the pirate and his mob. * 10*" A LITTLE FAIRNESS, gentlemen, please. If Mitchell was right in his long range ideals it still doesn't make the Army lessright in their r e LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: No Time to Waste TODAY AND TOMORROW: Soviet Formula and Ours By WALTER LIPPMANN Sees Healthy Attitude .. . To the Editor: "IS Administration Ignoring Re- ality on Faculty?" The Daily, Jan. 15, answers firmly, "Yes." Now the absence of public contro- versies in the University family means no headlines in the press, no melodrama in the class room, but it does not establish "exten- sive suppression or unpopular ideas," apathy, complacency, or fear. Over the past twenty-eight months I have participated with the Administrative Staff, Faculty, Alumni and students in discussion meetings, large and small, in "off the record" conversations and con- sultations. Never have I noted the least tinge of protective coloring in the factuly, nor the hostile admin- istrative environment that might induce it. Apparent were con- structively critical attitudes toward the needs of the University, free- dom of discussion thereof, and dedication by all to the improve- ment of Michigan. The Daily underestimates faculty integrity and courage in assuming that intimidation would be allowed to exist for a year and a half. It under-rates the students in as- suming that the non-vocal major- ity seeks-not fundamental truths and their use in independent thinking-butsthe easier indoctri- nation with the private opinions of their instructors. It ignores the reality of an administration that makes no secret of its dependence upon its faculty, nor of its proud appreciation thereof. Tremendous problems lie ahead for all educational institutions. I am grateful for the Faculties and Administration of Michigan who, in the present time, of decision and preparation, scorn to waste efforts in public controversies and pink sensationalism. -Margaret Henckel Emery, '31L Wilmette, Ill. 'Realistic Recognition'.. To The Editor: A RECENT anonymous letter to The Daily bemoaned the hesi- tancy on the part of University students to take definite stands on political questions. It is perhaps unfortunate that the disillusioned freshman from the rigid small town will not find here the excite- ment and drama of controversy which he had so anxiously antici- pated. However, this is not due to "the lack of political alertness of University students," but rather to the sobering of their attitudes caused by the examination to which their traditional beliefs are being subjected. In the Detroit high school which I attended, every student had a definite point of view on political questions, which they noisily spouted as the exigencies of argu- mentrequired. It was easy; one had merely to critically examine the facts on both sides of an issue to find the truth. Thus my fellow high school students were capable of exchanging their own brand of ignorance on a wide variety of issues. At the University students have begun to appreciate the true com- plexity of life and of political is- sues. Although there is social pres- sure to hold a personal philos- ophy so that one may be thought intellectual, students have tem- pered their desire to conform to this with the intelligent skepti- cism which their sincerity de- mands of them. That a person shows outward uncertainty does not mean that he is not thinking deeply inwardly,,experiencing ang- uish at man's finite intelligence. The "impassive attitude on cam- pus" is rather a realistic recogni- tion of the students' limited ex- perience and of their intellectual limitations. --Perry Cohen, '59 Want More Figures,... To the Editor: THE article on the yearly cost survey for students at the Uni- versity appearing on the front page of Sunday's Daily is incomplete No figures are given for the costs of either men or women living in co-operatives, although Mr. Marks states that this information was included in the survey. As-co-op members we would like to know what these statistics are. Furthermore, we think that many other students would be interested in a comparison of co-op student costs with the rest of the campus. Conspicuously absent, too, is any data on independent students, all those not associated with a cam- pus housing group. The Daily has an obligation to its subscrib- ers to print available information. --Paul U. Strauss, '58 Art Wilner, Grad (EDITOR'S NOTE: The cost survey did not include statistics on students in non-University sponsored housing. Average cost for instate, women living in co-ops was $968 per year, with a range of $750 to $1,305. For out-state women in co-ops, the aver- age was $1,270, ranging from $1,080 to $1,460. Ninety per cent of the women living in coops work during the school year. All of those sampled work during the summer. There were no statistics available for men living in co-ops.) Liked Edit ... To the Editor: ALLOW ME to congratulate you for your plain speech in the fine editorial, "Congressional Red Hunters Back in Style Again." It is unfortunate that the New York Times didn't exhibit the courage they talk so glibly about. Keep up the good work. -R. F. Burlingame. Milan official legalities at the time. The NEW EXHIBIT: Child Art- Is It 'Art'? C URRENTLYON exhibit at the Alumni Memorial Hall galler- ies are 60 Swedish Children's paintings - age 7 - 14. These paintings are owned by the Swed- ish National Museum which, since 1923, has acquired several hundred. The exhibit is circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exibition Service and is sponsored by the Swedish Embassy. Central to elementary art edu- cation is the idea that the child is a child and should be encourag- ed to express himself accordingly, and not as an adult. By allowing this liberal expression it is hoped that an awakening of the child's powers of thought and perceptions will occur. The question as to whether this is "art" often arises. As Director of the Art Museum Jean Paul Susser indicates,; "Child Art is not strictly art since art presupposed some consciousness or craft." However child art is the ienesis of an art, the embryo of the adult definitions of art. We may say then that child art is art, but .to a lesser degree than adult art. * * * DEFINITIONS OF "ART" being as numerous as they are ,one may add this as another elenent to the growing cult of controversy which has grasped the University of late. A misconception to be dispelled is that child art is synonymous with primitive art. Evenrthough children may be called "primitives in our midst", the elements of con- trol, and of fine, mature crafts- manship are not present as they are in primitive art. Child art played an important role in the development of modern art in the last decade of the 19th and early 20th century. It was the two dimensional aspects of child art; its decorative quality; its subconscious expressions and sim- plicity of form which influenced such Titans, as Mattise, Paul Klee; Henri Rousseau and Marc Chag- all. THIS CHILD art is good art be- cause: in the simplicity of its ap- proach it realizes the essence of the idea or object intended; it is an endeavor which extends rath- er than receives the art; and most important it has a feeling for the human scale which has become so acutely absent in much of modern art. There is feeling in various art coteries that art has become drenched in plastic values and has started to stagnate due to formal- istic gymnastics. It is evident that contemporary art needs a catharsis-something that will swing the pendulum back to that feeling for the human scale. Good art must have the dis- cipline of a philosophy if it is to have the efficacy of a religion. -Thomas F. Bernaky poor Army and U.S. Government, right up to a scene with old Cal Coolidge himself, are painted pret- ty black. They are out for Billy's blood, it seems, and when they finally get it, the audience is ready to boo, hiss and throw foodstuffs at anything wearing an army uni- form. Gary Cooper plays Billy the-way he plays anyone else. His tough and tight-lipped colonel is not much different from his tough and tight-lipped sheriff in "High Noon" although a little less enter- taining. Charles Bickford blasts his way through the role of Gen- eral Guthrie, head of the court, and Elizabeth Montgomery as the widow of a navy flier simpers real good. It is Rod Stieger, as a menacing prosecutor at the trial, who steals the show. He is most entertaining, and his big scene, in which he fires cunning questions at Cooper who is simultaneously suffering an attack of malaria, is easily the best in the film, both for excitement and interest. * * * THERE ARE ALSO actors por- traying Douglas MacArthur, Cal- vin Coolidge, Fiorello LaGuardia, and other luminaries. They look a lot like the men they are supposed to be and do little else. "The Court Martial" is about as unfair to the Army as they seem to be to Billy Mitchell. --David Newman DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN THE Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3553 Administration Building before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for the Sunday edition must be inl by 2 p.m. Friday. FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1956 VOL. LXVII, NO. 81 General Notices- Art Print Loan Collection: All prints must be returned to 510 Administration Building (basement) by Fri., Jan. 20. Hours: 8-12 and 1-5. There will be a fine of 25c per day after Friday and credit will be with- held until picture is returned. Professional Qualification Test (for National Security Agency): Applica- tion blanks for the Feb. 11 administra- tion of the Professional Qualification Test are now available at 110 Rackham Building.nApplication blanks are due in Princeton, N. J. not later than Feb. 4, 1956. Veterans receiving education and training allowance unier Public Law 550 need only one set of instructors signatures for Jan.-Feb. 11 (end of se- mester). Those signaturesemust be obtained after each final eamination or when course work is completed where no final examination is given. The Dean's Monthly Certification is to be turned in to Dean's office as soon as finals are completed. Monthly Certification, VA Form VS 1996a, must be signed in the Office of Veterans' Affairs, 555 Administration Building, between Jan. 25 and Feb. 1. Library hours during the examination period and between semesters: The General Library will be open until 10 p.m. on Saturdays, Jan. 21 and Jtan.' 28, to allow opportunity for study befor examinations. a The customary Sunday schedule will be maintained Jan. 22 and Jan. 2:. Service will be offered In the Main Reading Room, the Periodical Reading Room, the First Floor Study Hal, and at the Circulation desk from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. Books fromother parts of the building which are needed for. Sunday use will be made available in the Periodical Reading Room if requests are made by Saturday in the reading room where the books are usually shelved. The Social Science Study Ha.ll will be open Sun., Jan. 22 and Jan. 29 from 7-10 p.m. as usual. Additional service will be available both Sundays in Angell Hall Study Hall, 7-10 p.m. and in the Listening Room at 417 Mason Hall, 1-5 p.m. A,number of hours have been added to the week-day schedule of the Listen- ing Room. The following hours will be observed during the examination per- iod: Fri., Jan. 20: 4-6 p.m., 7-10 p.m.; Sat., Jan. 21 and Jan. 28: 9 a.m.-12 m., 1-6 p.m.; Mon., Jan. 23 and Jan. 30: 2-4 p.m., 7-10 p.m.; Tues. through Fri., Jan. 24-Jan. 27: 1-6 p.m., 7-10 p.m.; Tues. and Wed., Jan. 31 and Feb. 1: 1-4 p.m., 7-10 p.m. The General Library will be closed evening beginning Thurs., Feb. 2 and will be open daily except Sat, and Sun. from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Feb. 2 through Feb. 1. Regular hours will be resumed Feb. 13. Divisional libraries will be on short schedules as soon as the examinatiorn 4X V *i,>r, MR. BULGANIN has now addressed himself to the Latin American countries, using the same formula with which the Soviet Union is operating in the dViddle East and South Asia. It is fair to say that our own corresponding policy is unsettled, what with the strong op- position 'represented by Senator George and Senator Knowland, what with the weakness of our general position in the so-called uncom- mitted regions of Africa and Asia. We are at the beginning of a long debate in which we shall in-fact be attempting to form a policy that works abroad and is approved here at home. In the Bulganin interview for the Latin Americas we can see more clearly than any- where else what in fact we are up against in the Soviet challenge to the influence of the Western nations. In the under-developed countries the basic formula of the Soviet operation is not foreign aid but managed trading. They do not profess to be giving anything for nothing. They rath- er prefer, except in unusual cases, to make it clear that they are not giving away anything. What they talk about is the exchange of their own manufactured goods for the agricultural products and raw materials of which the Latin Americans, the Asians and the Africans have surpluses. From Egypt they have taken cotton, of which there is a glut, in payment for arms and other manufactured goods. From Burma they are taking rice. From Cuba they are taking sugar, from the Argentine livestock, and so on and so on. THE FACT that their dealings almost always appear as two-way transactions has enor- mous political value. Congress may dislike giving aid. But the best and proudest nations hate to be the recipients of aid. The Soviet formula is for them ever so much more self- respecting. It means, moreover-, -that they do not have uo deal with nurse maids and chaper- ons in the form of missions and visiting Con- gressmen who come to inspect and supervise the use they make of our bounty. To cap the climax, the Soviet operating for- mula does not do what Senator Knowland would have us do - namely, to demand the signature to a military alliance as the price of receiving foreign aid. In fact the Soviets make hay by proclaiming that they are not demanding just what Senator Knowland de- mands. This makes dealing. with the Soviets doubly attractive in these countries. For it enables them to play off the Soviets against the West, getting favors from both, aligning themselves completely with neither. The Soviet formula has three main elements. The first is the ability of the Communist orbit to absorb and to use surplus food and raw materials. There seems to be no visible limit to that. The second element is the capacity of the Soviet Union to export arms and manu- factured goods not only to China but to the countries beyond the frontiers of the Com- munist orbit. That capacity is presumably still quite limited. But if the sixth five-year plan, recently announced, is fulfilled as we may ex- pect it will. be, the Soviet capacity to export will be very considerable. The third element is that the Soviet Union's political interest is not to make allies of the Arabs and the Hindus but to neutralize them as allies of the West. IN COMPETING against the Soviets using this formula, we can whenever we make up our minds to do it, de-emphasize the military pacts. That will pain Senator Knowland. But it would be the part of wisdom. As to the se- cond element, there is of course no question of our capacity to export manufactured products and capital goods. The real difficulty is what to take in return, how to be paid if at all. For broadly speaking, the United States and the Western nations have surpluses of al- most every agricultural product and raw mater- ial that the under-developed countries are trying to sell. Yet, inasmuch as the Soviet Union is will- ing to take a substantial part of the surplus in any particular under-developed country, it will be able to play a very important role in the industrial development of that country. That will of course, carry with it political in- fluence. " ,o nrhlm fn, lie a"Afn fa f r 1 FROM THE OTHER SIDE: Athletics Prove Prison Necessity (EDITOR'S NOTE: The importance of a prison recreation pro- gram is the final article in a series of six concerning our American prison problem. Present inmate Earl Gibson is the author.) By EARL GIBSON "GOLDEN LIONS 27 GRAND RAPIDS 6" and "Rockets Losc to Ann Arbor Blue Front-78-66" are samples of headlines found every year on the sports page of the prison newspaper. As the general public reads these headlines they are inclined to comment on the organized sports in prison. "Why, they have an athletic department as large and as well equipped as that in a small college!" one reader commented. Probably one of the easiest tasks is finding commendation in the idea behind an expansive, well-run athletic program in prison. Varsity and intramural sports, baseball, football, tennis, horse- shoes, handball, boxing, basketball, track and field meets, coupled with volleyball, chess and checkers, and the ever-present domino games, all play a part in the recreation program of the large prison. Is it pampering? That is the common accusation, but let's look at recrea- tion in prison from two points of view: that of the administration and that of the inmate. The administration views recreation as part of its treatment pro- confined men blow off steam over an umpire's decisions, or over a referee's wrong ruling, rather than blowing the proverbial top in an isolated cell over a green guard's ignorance to the ways of prison. An example is cited by an old-time officer. "In winter months, when the men spend long hours in the cells, they are always restless on Sunday nights and holiday evenings. But during the spring, summer and fall, after they have been at football or baseball games the blocks are quiet at nights. They are ready to sleep and present no disciplin- ary problems." These comments need no enlargement for the reader familiar with group psychology. Let's quote two inmates for their views: Eddie is an eighteen year-old baseball player, pointed out by a visiting coach last summer as a likely prospect for the major leagues. He says, "I like baseball and have been a fan since I was a kid. I played on a sandlot team in Kalamazoo but drifted away from it be- cause we always got chased off the lot. I leave on parole next month and have got a job with a company sponsoring a team. I'll not be back here, you can bet on it." BOB IS A TWENTY-SIX-YEAR-OLD football player, a veteran of two years on the varsity Golden Lions. He says, "I never played on any team before and learned all my football here in prison. I've .1 'I, 4