Sixty-Sixth Year - EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICH 9N "When Opinions Are Free, UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Truth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff *nd represent the views of the writers only. This must be noted in all reprints. THURSDAY, JANUARY 19, 1956 NIGHT EDITOR: LEW HAMBURGER Dulles' Article Shows Folly, But Whose wo Views- In Game of Chance, Partisans Should Stick U.S. Bound to Lose To 'Real' Issues CONSIDERATION of Secretary of State rTHE POLITICAL fire now burning under Dulles' contention that this country went to Secretary of State John Foster Dulles is a "the brink of war" three times in 18 months disgrace to the Democratic leaders who started to Insure peace, shows only an unusual display and are fanning it and to the Republicans who of diplomacy in the administration. have tried to douse it. The Secretary may enjoy running the It is politicking at its worst. The prestige of the country is suffering at the hands of a foreign affairs of the country on such a basis, few men from both parties who seek headline but when millions of lives are involved it publicity by exploiting the Secretary's com- would seem other approaches would be more ments. expedient. Truly, it is an art, as Mr. Dulles The controversy rages over Dulles' Claim says, to be able to go to the verge of war that the country, with President Eisenhower's mithout becoming involved, but should the approval, marched to the "brink of war" three nfecessary touch be lacking one time to perform times and averted it by "strong action." Dulles this "art," the consequences would be rather termed the policy "a calculated risk of peace " unpleasant. Democratic leaders, notably Adlai Steven- This is not to sanction appeasement of son and Sam Rayburn, hotly took issue with s in the world opposed to democracy but the statement, Stevenson referring to it as to question, in consideration of modern atomic "suicidal folly." :w ea ion, he valuo suchr rionk"oes.tLegitimate criticism of administration poli- 'Wreapon5, the value of such "brink" policies. cies is not only the right but the duty of the Undoubtedly, Mr. Dulles does not propose opposition party. An alert opposition party this as a permanent policy of this country. offering constructive criticism is an asset to However, a situation is now forming in the any administration. But such criticism should Par East to which such diplomacy could easily be based on more than a few off-hand remarks be fitted. Communist China is completing her quoted in a magazine article. et air bases on the coast of the mainland The present furor is reminiscent of that within easy reach of Formosa. When the caused by Secretary Wilson's now-famous "ken- monsoons end this spring some military action nel-dog" remarks of last year. It is just as against the Nationalist-held islands of Quemoy inane and senseless. and Matsu or even Formosa seems quite pos- In the absence of a full and reasoned sible. explanation of what the policies are and what The United States could again be pushed to rationale underlies them, the intense derision 'the brink of war" by the Communist Chinese is meaningless and dangerous. Perhaps Dulles' this point, It would be necessary to defend policies are "suicidal" - if so they deserve ormsaishewere ataed yet tprecp criticism. But the statements he made hardly waoeroiffshowreatackedettprecipe form a sufficient base on which to understand a war over off-shore islands would not be very the policies or attack them. The attack smacks practical. much more of politicking than of sincere alarm Instead of carrying the world to the verge at administration policies. bf war in the future it would be wiser for thea State Departmient to review and possibly revise AMERICAN POLITICAL leaders are fond of some of its stagnant foreign policy. For in- relying on one-phrase explanatio of for- stance the return of Quemoy and Matsu, geo- eign policy. The phrases are frequen ly mis- graphically a part of the mainland, to Red leading and dangerous. It is unlikely Dulles China would reduce chance of war in that area meant his "brink of war" statement to have by widening the gap between free and totali- the connotations read into it by his attackers. tarin forces. It would also help to realize that Foreign policy is a complex of intricate maneu- military pacts look rather silly and unconvinc- vers-certainly it is nothing to be passed off in ing in the face of Soviet economic aid. a few sentences. Mr. Dulles' statement is hard to explain to Democratic party leaders should have real- peoples of foreign countries who have been ized this and devoted their efforts to a valid led to believe that Americans are champions and worthwhile critique of what policies the of freedom and peace. The Secretary'spwords administration actually has pursued instead were ready-made for the Soviet propaganda of snatching at catchy phrases to provide per- mill, sonal publicity. Whatever Dulles has or has not done, it is We hope that the diplomacy of this country certainly obvious he has not marched the will change so as to make unnecessary "going country to the "brink of war" and then saved to the brink" in the future. Chances are that if us just to boost his ego and practice diplomatic Mr. Dulles continues to shoot dice with Ameri- "art." For the Democratic leaders to imply he can and international security, eventually he's has is a disappointment to Democratic parti- bound to lose. sans. -DAVE TARR -LEE MARKS 'I "1w=Comld You Do This ToAomleiiu&an Like Me. G - A-4 'I f . ft OWN :a : M1 : r J _. c o ... - . - . L ' : 9 f ~~1Qrtp w~ at ~1'~apS i~o$~-' ~. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Another View on Evaluations AT CINEMA GUILD: 'York' Has True Depth DURING the First World War, a farmer from the mountains of Tennessee is drafted into the army despite his sincere religious convictions against killing. How he became a national war-hero-and still returned to his former life with the same beliefs intact and secure, is the story of "Sergeant York." Alvin York is a farmer toiling at th-e same rocky and unfertile land which his grandfather and father had plowed before him. He has had no religion in his life and has a reputation for wildness, drinking, and shooting up church meetings. So that his girl will marry him, he decides to buy some bottom- land which will farm better than his own. With unceasing day-and- night farm labor, and with money, won at a turkey-shoot, he man- ages to save up enough cash to buy the land. York is told, after all his efforts, which were based on the word of the owner that he would not sell till after the shoot, that the land has already been sold. *s * * ON A STORMY NIGHT after a drinking session, York sets out to kill the buyer. On his way to do murder, he and his mule are knocked unconscious by a light- ning bolt; his rifle Is split open. With this demonstration of God's will, York turns to religion wholeheartedly. His pastor teaches him the Bible; he comes to believe in it completely: "There ain't nothin' in this Book that ain't true," he says. War Is declared and inevitably York is drafted. He can't com- bine the two thoughts in his mind -God and ,killing. His pastor can only tell him that he must go or the government men will come and get him, He goes to camp. Then, in one day's action in France, he single- handedly kills 25 Germans and captures 132 more. When asked how his convictions allowed him to do this, he says that he did it to knock out a series of machine- guns. He refuses to comment on the men he killed. He did it, he insists, to knock out the guns which were killing hundreds: he did it to save lives. « * * WHETHER OR NOT the moral and religious paradox of God and country are answered to the in- dividual viewer's own satisfaction, the sincerity and general excel- lence of "Sergeant York" leave no doubt that it was solved clearly in York's own mind. And also leaves no doubt that it was not solved by rationalization of a situa- tion. More than the first half of the film depicts the frugal life of the Tennessee mountain people of the early 1900's. They live the life of their forbearers; it is a life of unceasing labor, intense religion, profound humor, and lasting iso- lation. This life is shown with great respect and dignity, with all the beauty, monotony, and violence .which marks the life of all people in a world apart. The great strength of these mountain people is in their very simpleness, the simpleness so often misunderstood and crucified by those with more sophisticated mannerisms and ac- cents. It is that simpleness, as crystalized in York, that gives the film its breathing reality. * * * DIRECTED BY Howard Hawks, the actors are uniformly good: Gary Cooper as York, Walter" Brennan as the pastor, Joan Leslie as the girl, and Margaret Wych- erly as the Mother. -Culver Eisenbeis DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN THE Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of the University of Michigan for which the Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsi- bility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRIITEN form to Roomn3553 Administration Building before 2 p.m. the day preceding publication. Notices for the Sunday edition must be in by 2 p.m. Friday. THURSDAY, JANUARY 19, 195 VOL. LXVII, NO. 80 General Notices Annual Meeting of the University of Michigan Employees' Credit Union will be held Tues., Jan. 24, 8:00 pm., in Aud. B, Angell Hall. Non-members a well as members are invited. Examination Period: Please note that final examinations at the end of the first semester of the University year 1955-56 beginon Mon., Jan. 23, and end on Thurs., Feb. 2. The final day of regularly scheduled classes is Sat., Jan. 21. There will, for this semester, be no, "dead period" between the end of classes and the examination period. To all students having Library books: 1. Students having in their possession books borrowed from the General Li- brary or its branches are notified that such books are due Wed., Jan. 25. 2. Students having special need for certain books between Jan. 25 and Feb. 3 may retain such books for that period by renewing them at the Charging Desk. 3. The names of all students who have not cleared their records at the Library by Fri~, Feb. 3, will be sent to the Cashier's Office and their credits will be withheld until such time as said records are cleared in compliance with the regulations bf the Regents. Art Print Loan Collection: All prints must be returned to 510 Administration Building (basement) by Fri., Jan. 20. Hours: 8-12 and 1-5. There will be a fine of 25c per day after Friday and credit will be with- held until picture is returned, Disciplinary action in cases of student misconduct: At meetings held on Nov. 22, 1955, Dec. 13, 1955, Jan, 5, 1956 and Jan. 10, 1956, cases involving eight students and one fraternity were heard by the Joint Judiciary Council. In all cases the action was approved by the University Sub-Committee on Discipline. violation of state laws and city ordinances relating to the purchase, sale and use of intoxicants: a. conduct unbecoming a student in that intoxicants had been consumed in violation of state law. Four students fined $5.00 each. b. intoxicants served in a fraternity house-second offense-house fined $450 with $150 suspended until June 1959. Violation of University automobile regulations: a. conduct unbecoming a student in that he consistently violated the Uni- versity driving regulations. One student fined $50 and warned that further viola- tion would mean immediate suspension. b, conduct unbecoming a student in that he violated University driving regulations. One student fined $20.00 which was suspended. Conduct unbecoming a student a. gained illegal entry into the home of a citizen of Ann Arbor. One student fined $15.00. b. attempted to gain entry Into an apartment. One student fined $15.00. Mary L. Hinsdale Scholarship amount- ing to $112.07 (interest on the endow. ment fund) is available to undergradu- ate women who are wholly or partially' self-supporting and who do not live in University residence halls or sorority houses. Girls with better than average scholarship and need will be considered. Application blanks, obtainable at the Alumnae Council Office, Michigan League, should be filed by Jan. 31. Don't Need Evaluations To the Editor: W HAT would have been my "re- action" to this procedure when I was a student in Harvard Col- lege forty years ago? Well, at first a mild shock and disbelief that the proposal could be meant ser- iously. My classmates and I as- sumed that the faculty was made up of highly selectedprofessional men who knew their business both as teachers and scholars. It was their concern to determine and to develop the "objectives" (we called them "purposes") of their courses and so far as our immature judg- ment went, the great majority of them did so satisfactorily. In other words we still had faith (ob- solete word!) in those whom we considered our intellectual super- iors. In the second place, we should have been greatly puzzled by some of the questions which we were supposed to answer. "To what ex- tent did you learn to think criti- cally in the subject-matter area?" "Think critically" in Mathemat- ics? Why, to us that was all that Mathematics was, a specialized form of critical thinking. "Think critically" in Greek, Lat- in and Modern Languages? Of course! But here again "criti- cally" meant "logically" and not "skeptically" or "rebelliouslly." You see, most of us in that gen- eration had brought with us to college the idea that critical think- ing, in the current sense of the word, presupposed an adequate body of factual knowledge on which to base our criticism. In short, we had on the whole a half- conscious and totally unadmitted intellectual humility. These two old-fashioned quali- ties, faith and intellectual humili- ty, were probably a relic of stuffy Victorianism and certainly are not popular today. Yet strangely enough, I still seem to find in them an excellent foundation for the disciplined skepticism which is ma- ture scholarship. --Warren E. Blake, Department of Classical Studies Calendar Revision... To the Editor: IT HAS been a few months since the calendar for 1956 and 1957 has been released but I am stirred up about the total approach or lack of approach in gaining stu- dent opinion. It was my under-. standing that the classes of sev- eral years ago were consulted in a survey concerning this revision of the school calendar but how about our present student popula- tion? Now, what has happened is completely out of our hands and into the printed matter classed as University Regulations. The major change for student benefit, it seems, is the addition to the school year of a dead day before exam period. Numerous disadvantages, in my estimation, follow on its heels. Our vacation period is noticably reduced to bring us back to school as late as Janu- ary 7 of next year with the exam period almost immediately follow- ing-unfortunately, the semester ends on a Saturday, February 9, giving us barely breathing time before classes resume on the next Monday, February 11. - The justifications on the part of the administration for such an ad- justment seem to run as follows: professors need a longer time to instill their students with the ba- sics of the course than is provided in the previous calendar; the total number of days in the year was 2 days under the minimum for an average school year and with the new revision it is at the maximum in school days. I am told that a. committee was formed to investigate the change, a total 3 years was devoted to the process to obtain a satisfactory and "acceptable" plan, but how repre- sentative of the views of students is this calendar? Many of the opinions of the student committee members I am told were vetoed or "subdued" by the Faculty Adminis- tration Committee. Perhaps it is partly student apathy even on this committee but the facts stand. This is a sad disappointement to my high goals set for each person on this campus to say what they feel, and they may do so alone, in an attempt to gain merely self-preser- vation in such a vitally personal issue to each of us, -Catherine Campbell, '57 Advice to Voters,... To the Editor: SOMEPROSPECTIVE voters im- agine that President Eisen- hower has worked harder for peace than any other man. The President certainly did. As President-elect in November 1952, he went to Korea, returned, and took his time. In Korea, the slaughter was allowed to continue -until July 27, 1953. That was a nine-month period. Many women became pregnant ,and gave birth in that period. So did the ex-gen-. eral and his delays-to more than 16,000 reported GI battle casual- ties. Pres. Truman also had dilly- dallied--from the beginning of cease-fire negotiations in June 1951 until he left office. That may have been hard work for peace-in some . calculating political parties. Many mothers will remember, "Get the facts". That should be a permanent prac- tice-for every voter. -Mrs. W. M. Penn Chicago -. r I, l, TODA THERE is not at yet avail explanation of"why Mr. liberately to have the Life written about him. For th thing about this article is t tends to reveal the inner tru policy in .the Far East, it p mentally false account. The falsity lies in this: describes what has happene China and the -Formosa St unilateral deterrents by th What has really happened i and all concerned have be condition of mut al deterre Thus, while it is no doul Communistshave been det our retaliation, it is alsoI that Dr. Syngman Rhee, Gen shek, Admiral Radford andt to intervene in Indo-China terred by our fear of Soviet existence of the military st as Mr. Dulles's one-sideda explain, the political situatio area on the approaches to C Y AND TOM [ORROW: Ptulles RidesAgain By WALTER LIPPMANN able any plausible Life magazine has painted a picture of a bold Dulles chose de- and threatening man who has over-awed the magazine article adversary. he extraordinarilyIN KOREA, we have guaranteed South Korea that while it pre- against agression from North Korea and iths of our recent from China. In return j we have taken the provides a funda- h necessary military means to prevent Dr. Rhee That Mr Dulles from drawing us into an attempt to liberate d in Korea, Indo- North Korea. trait nIn Indo-China we were deterred from inter- vening with an air strike to save Dien Bien e United States. Phu by the fear that China would then inter- s that both sides vene openly by invading Northern Vietnam. en held within a Such an invasion would have required an air nt bombardment of China to repel it. ,That was b ud tfeartof a course from which we were deterred by the errbedy fearo fear that this wvould cause the Soviet Union undoubtedly true to intervene. ieral Chiang. Kai- In the Formosa Strait we gave Chiang a those who wanted treaty of guarantee which was, as Mr. Dulles a have. been de- says, a warning not to attack Formosa. But retaliation. The Mr. Dulles has, in his role of melodramatic talemate explains, hero, omitted the other half of the' story. The account does not other half is that we then releashed Chiang n in the contested firmly, and sent word to Peiping through vari- ihina. ous diplomatic channels that we would not N of mutual de- ermit,much less wouldwe assist, Chiang to N o muualde-attempt to return to the mainland. In the late, was first dis- Formosa affair Chiang got a guarantee of his e learned the re- island refuge and Chou En-lai got the assur- test. Shortly af- ance that Chiang was no longer to be regarded as drawn by the as a serious contender on the mainland. aration that there e." IN SUM, the Eisenhower policy in the Far tive to peace, then East has operated-as it had to-within the f war in the sense over-all condition of a military stalemate. This var. If war is not has led to a series of compromises-probably who threatens war temporary-based on the military status quo. If war is not an The article has done damage to the country ve to be compro- and to Mr. Dulles's own usefulness as Secre- article implies - tary of State. He has provided the Soviet w better-we were propaganda with a text which is sheer bonan- the Far East. we a The ne rnting thing about it is that FROM THE OTHER SIDE: Convicts Face 'Bumpy' Rehabilitation Lectures Lecture, auspices of Sigma Xi. "Use and Abuse of Earth Waves." Dr. L. Don Leet, professor of geology and seis- mologist in charge of the Seismograph Station, Harvard University. 8:00 p.m., Thurs., Jan. 19, Rackham. Concerts Symphony Orchestra Concert, 8:30 p.m. tonight, Hill Auditoriun. Student solo- ists: Eileen Schumacher, soprano, Alice Dutcher, mezzo-soprano, Alonzo Sherer. violin, George Papich, viola, Robert Rey- nolds, French horn, Malcolm Brown. piano, Jon Petersen, piano; student conductors: Enerson Head, Robert Mause, Benjami Patterson. Works by Prokofieff, Glu k, Mozart, Franck, Rachmaninoff, Hindemith, Massenet, Wagner; open to the public without charge. Concerts. Dame Myra Hess will give the fourth concert in the Extra Concert Series, Wed., Feb.' 15, at 8:3 p.m, in Hill Auditorium. The Budapest String Quartet will be heard in the three concerts of the 16th annual Chamber Music :Festival in Rackham Auditorium, Feb. 17, 18, and 19. A limited number of tickets are available at the offices of the University MusicaltSociety in Burton, Memorial Tower. Academic Notices Freshmen and Sophomores, Collegeof Literature, Science, and the Arts. Ap- proval of elections for Spring Semester: Secure Counselor's approval during the half daypreceding your scheduled regis- tration time. I.e., if you are scheduled for morning registration, see your Coun- selor the previous afternoon between 1:30 and 3:30 p.m. in Aud. D. If you are scheduled for afternoon registration, see your Counselor during that morning in Aud. D any time between 9:00 and 11:30 a.m. Students who have secured permission to register earlier than their scheduled time, report for-counseling the half day preceding special registration time. Graduate Record Examination: Can- didates taking the Graduate Record Ex- amination on Jan. 21 are requested to report to 100 Hutchins Hall at 8:45 a.m. Sat. History 49 Final Examination: Mr. Laurie's sections (2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 13. 15) ao toNa?1,tural Science Audi-. 11 r HE ACTKUAL CONIIOV terrent, or military stalem cerned by Churchill when h sults of the hydrogen bomb ter that the conclusion w President in his famous decla is "no alternative to peace Now if there is no alternal no one can go to the brink o that he threatens to go to v an alternative, then anyonev is either iad or is bluffing. alternative, then issues hav mised. If, as Mr. Dulles's; though he himself must kno the unilateral, deterrers inf (EDITOR'S NOTE: The bumpy road; to rehabilitation is dis- cussed in this fifth in a series of six articles on the prison problem. Present Jackson inmate Earl Gibson is the author.) By EARL GIBSON THE "ROAD" MOST TALKED ABOUT by those interested in the social problem involving crime and its correction is the "road to rehabilitation." It has more hidden bumps, blind curves and steep grades than Route 66 in all its 3000 miles. I know this because I've run into a few detours on that mythical road myself, and had to come back to the "garage" for repairs. Most people think the road to rehabilitation has its- origin after a man leaves prison. On the contrary, the road starts the minute an offender is apprehended by a law officer. The events and the people the offender meets from that minute on determine the degree of suc- cess he will have on that road. If he meets sadistic and inefficient police officers he has met his first obstacle.d Every official-police officer, prosecutor, judge, penal official and custodial guard-encountered by the offender, has an effect on him. For it is these people that represent free society to the inmate. If he is to form hostile and aggressive attitudes towards society, much of the stimulus will come from these people. If he meets understanding and firm but fair discipline through Few offenders are mentally mature. Their 'philosophy of living is not only socially unacceptable but also personally unrewarding and unsatisfying. They have reached adulthood chronologically but not psychologically. The home and community have had the offender for approximately 20 years. During that time they have passively witnessed, or contributed to, the development of the offender. At the end of this development period they say to prison administration, "Correct this offender's atti- tude; discover and remove his inadequacies; rehabilitate the man." Where the penal administration views its task as purely custodial, it says to society, "We have confined the man, now you rehabilitate him." In either case the shortsightedness presents a serious obstacle to rehabilitation. I think that all agencies and persons should correlate their efforts and cooperate in preventive and corrective efforts. THE TRAUMA OF ARREST, conviction and incarceration is in itself an obstacle to rehabilitation. The separation from the primary and other free society groups has a detrimental and negative effect. As discussed in a preceding article, the penal group plays a forceful role in the moulding of the individual. It will accept where the, free society group is inclined to forget or reject. The inmate who completely identifies himself with the penal group i1