"

Sixty-Sixth Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIvEiSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone No 2-3241

qGrandma, I've Been Doing Some Wo idering About You'

LETTERS
to the
EDITOR

DAILY

x

OFFICIAL
BULLETIN

Editorials printed in, The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff
and represent the views of the writers only. This must be noted in all reprints.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 34, 1955

NIGHT EDITOR: MARY LEE DINGLER

Government Making Farce
Of Security System

T O point out that the security program in
,this country is a farce may be repitious, but
it does not seem to bore the United States
government, which is forever discovering new
and different ways to make it farcical.
The latest wrinkle, revealed by Chairman
Philip Young of the Civil Service Commission
to the Senate sub-committee on Constitutional
Rights with a calm bravado, is that three out
of every four persons the government fires
under its security program are never told they
are suspected security risks.
Recognizing, however, an old American cus-
tom of offering some explanation for firing an
employe, the government gives some other
charge such as excessive drinking as the offi-
cial reason, Young said.
This approach is probably the most expe-
ditious the government has at its disposal for
protecting itself against itself. The chief aim
is to get rid of subversives, not necessarily to
have a reason for getting rid of them. What-
ever promotes this aim is good for national
security.
NHETHER this is good for national security
(which is doubtful), it grotesquely violates
constitutional individual rights and even com-
mon decency (which translates doubtful to
definitely not).
As it stands now, any former federal em-
ploye, on either side of the delicate line between
having been fired and having resigned, might
very well find his basic-American-principled
economic freedom limited by a suspicion on
the parts of all prospective employers that he
is one of those who lost his job unofficially
for security reasons and officially for some-
thing less treacherous.
Young, of course, has an answer for this -
a big card index file containing information
on the relative subversiveness of past, present
and potential government employes. The in-
formation comes "from many sources" and the
civil service makes no claims as to its realia-
bility nor tries to evaluate it.
Evaluation is left up to prospective employ-
ers who have only the Civil Service Commission
stamp of approval as filable Information on
which to base a judgment. Information of this
kind, since it cannot be proved reliable, must
be assumed unreliable. But it is all the em-
ployer, who does not make that assumption, has,
plus the possibility that the prospective em-
ploye was fired for the wrong charge.
SINCE all this is not enough confusion, Young
said that in each case where some other
chargeis given for a security firing, there are
additional (to the charge, evidently) "serious
questions of security." So, in the public re-
ports, these people are lumped with those dis-
missed on security grounds alone.

Young's controversial box score for the Ad-
ministration on how many persons have quit
or been fired under the program of getting
rid of subversives and others whose federal
employment might endanger the national se-
curity, is therefore, it would seem, padded.
More important, the damage the program
wreaks upon individuals, who were unfortun-
ate enough to have thought at one time they
would like to work for the government, makes
the farce something worse than humorous.
With the prospect of someday being suspect
because he no longer works for the govern-
ment, every potential government employe will
think twice about declining more lucrative
openings in private industry.
Taken tp the logical extreme, this would
mean the government would have no employes,
which would have some kind of implication for
. national security, if such a situation is not.
brought about beforehand by the properly
conscientious man in the properly influential
position, or the right senator on the right sub-
committee, who fires everyone. Logically, this
would be the safest approach, for there could
not possibly, then, be any subversives, potential
or actual, working for the government. From
another viewpoint, however, it might not be
so safe.
Admittedly, the problem of security is diffi-
cult. The first prerequisite of a security pro-
gram is great care. The government takes
great care to fire employes quickly, on un-
believably scant evidence; but this is the
wrong kind of care.
THE government is toying with human lives
with its careless security program; and the
government was set up expressly, says the
Constitution, to protect human lives. To do
this properly, it must balance its alertness
against subversion against its alertness against
violation. of individual rights, for to be lax
against either is to court destruction.
So far, the government has been overly alert
against subversion, even to the point of firing
employes because it seems they might become
subversives someday, and not enough alert
against violation of individual rights of which
itself is guilty.
The violation of rights lies not in firing an
employe, for government employment is not a
right but a privilege. But an employe has a
right to a sufficient cause for his dismissal, a
right the government does often violate.
Perhaps the Senate sub-committee on Con-
stitutional Rights has been impressed by the
significance of Young's cleverness and will be
able to correct the farce. A job's difficulty is
never sufficient excuse for'making a farce of it.
.--JIM DYGERT, City Editor

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WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND:J
South Resents A.id to Egypt
By DREW PEARSON

TODAY AND TOMORROW:-
Shortage of Education:
By WALTER LIPPMANN

PROPOSALS before the World 1
Bank to finance part of the
Aswan Dam on the Upper Nile
may help the battle against Com-
munism in the Near East but they
have brought smouldering resent-
ment in the Deep South.
Building the Aswan Dam will
mean that about 2,000,000 more
acres of Egyptian land will be
used for cotton in indirect com-
petition with American cotton.
Today Secretary Benson has.
about 7.000,000 bales of cotton in
U.S. warehouses which he cannot
sell at home and which would hit
Egypt and other cotton-growing
countries a severe blow if sold on
the world market. Last summer,
Benson proposed selling this cot-
ton abroad, while keeping the price
high at home.
* * .
HOWEVER, Secretary of State
Dulles objected. He claimed it
would ruin Egyptian economy, hurt
other cotton countries, chiefly
Brazil. Dulles won his point. Ben-
son still has his cotton.
Shortly thereafter Dulles woke
up to the fact that Egyptian cot-
ton which he had protected was
being traded to Czechoslovakia for
* arms in a 'barter deal which has
precipitated a serious crisis in the
Near East. It's the type of deal
the United States has refused to
make for fear of hurting friendly
allies.
This of course caused resent-
ment in the deep South. Now
there's more resentment over
the proposal to use American dol-
lars to build the Aswan Dam and
create more Egyptian cotton acre-
age.
* * *
MOST important development
inside the Eisenhower Cabinet is
that George Humphrey, tightfisted
Secretary of the Treasury, seems
to be loosening up on U.S. dollars
to the Near East and Asia. This
will probably mean no reduction
in taxes next year.
To those who have listened to
Secretary Humphrey's quiet but
eloquent pleas for a balanced bud-
get, this is like reporting that
there's a big seam opening up in
the side of the Washington Monu-

ment. For hitherto, George Hum-
phrey has been a' impervious as
the monument in listening to ar-,
guments for more spending abroad
or anywhere else. Over and over
again he has patiently explained
inside the Cabinet that he was now
on the two-yard line, that one
more push could put the ball across
the goal of a balanced budget.
* * *
HOWEVER, with Russia steal-
ing the old Truman-Acheson Point
4 Program of -sending technical
advisers all over the Near and
Middle East, and even offering to

build the Aswan Dam for Egypt,
Secretary Humphrey has finally
decided that this, is no time to
sacrifice the cold war for a bal-
anced budget.
John Hollister, Senator Taft's
old law partner whom Ike appoint-
ed head of foreign aid, has ac-
tually urged a 20 per cent curtail-
ment of foreign-aid spending in
the present budget. However,
Secretary Humphrey, though ori-
ginally siding vigorously with Hol-
lister, now seems to be veering
just as definitely the other way.
(Copyright, 1955, by Bell syndicate, Inc.)

I AM WRITING this letter in
reference to a letter written to
The Michigan Daily by M.S.U.
students to the student body of the
University. This letter was pub-
lished in our paper November 21;
and I believe that it is only fair
to tell a part of the "other side
of the story."
As a student here at M.S.U. and
in conjunction with several of my
friends, I would like to sincerely
express our sympathy to you re-
garding the loss of the Rose Bowl
bid.
The events which occurred dur-
ing the last five minutes of the
U. of M.-Ohio State game can not
be taken as an absolute indication
of the sportsmanship of the total
Michigan football team, nor can it
be indicative of the sportsman-
ship displayed by the University
throughout the past football sea-
son. It is also certain, that even if
there were occurances of poor
sportsmanship, we must consider
that we all, at times, exhibit poor
sportsmanship if the issue at hand
is extremely important; as win-
ning this game was to you.
Further, we do not believe that
any exhibition of poor sportsman-
ship, no matter how true this ex-
hibition might be, may be taken as
an index to determine the calibre
of the student body of the Uni-
versity of Michigan.
Although we are tremendously
pleased that M.S.U. is going to
the Rose Bowl, if events had
changed the situation, we believe
that U. of M. would have been an
excellent representative from the
Big 10 to the Rose Bowi.
Most likely, we will see U. of
M. there in the near future but
not because M.S.U. will be dis-
qualified or because -the rest of
the teams in the Big 10 will be so
poor that ,a win by you would be
inevitable, but because you earned
the right to go; the right which
you so nearly won this year. Need-
less to say, we will be sincerely
rooting for U. of M. next year.
-Beverly Fairchild
East Lansing
Need Firm Stand ...
To The Editor:
GOVERNOR Williams' slap at
counsels of "moderation" is a
welcome sign of life in the Demo-
cratic Party.
The Democrats can hope to up-
root the "big business" adminis-
tration currently in Washington
only by taking a firm, bold stand
on the issues. Lord knows there
are issues a-plenty.
Foremost is peace. Only a posi-
tive program for easing tensions
and developing friendlier relations
with the rest of the world-as con-
trasted with thinking in terms of
military might and American
dominance-can challenge Repub-
lican pretensions of being "the
peace party.''
The Democrats cannot afford to
compromise on the issues of civil
rights and labor legislation. If it
should alienate the Dixiecrat ele-
ments within the Democratic Par-
ty, so much the better for the
Party: that unrepresentative anti-
labor, anti-Negro influence is a
millstone thwarting any bold, pro-
gressive program. -
Then there are the issues of "the
great give-away" of public prop-
erty to private interests; McCar-
thyism perpetuated in the name
of a "security risk" program; the
farm crisis; housing education; a
social health insurance program.
There is no lack of issues-unless
those favoring moderation and
compromise are afraid to tackle
them.
Machine politicians might pre-
fer to avoid controversy; but only
a party with a forward, militant
program, bringing the issues to the
people, can bring out the vote and
win in '56.

-David R. Luce, Grad.
Compliment .,..
To the Editor:
I'D like to compliment Murry
Frymer for his editorial on the
cause of Saturday's fiasco. More
than any other accounts of the
last-minute violence, Mr. Frymer's
expressed the truth in his state-
ment that the glory of football is
lost when the score goes the wrong
way. '
This is the kind of writing I'd
like to see more often in The
Daily.
-Donna Hammill, '56A
Unsung Heroes...
To the Editor:
PLEASE extend my appreciation
as a member of the student
voting body to all those wonder-
ful people who manned their elec-
tion booths in spite of the weather
and small'turnout of voters. As a
matter of fact, all those who
worked on the election, before and
afterward, are deserving of some
recognition. Hats off to the un-
sung heroes of the week!
-Mary E. Reid, '56

ANSWER TO DR. CARLSON:
Most, Universities
Endorse Fraternities

THE 'Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michigan
Daily assumes no editorial responsi-
bility. Notices should be sent in
TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3553
Administration Building before 2 p.m.
the day preceding publication.. Notices
for the Sunday edition must be in
by 2 p.m. Friday.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1955
VOL. LXVH, NO. $2
General Notices
TIAA - College Retirement Equities
Fund. Participants in the Teachers In-
surance and Annuity Association retire-
ment program who wish to change their
contributions to the College Retirement
Equities Fund or to apply for or discon-
tinue participation in the Equities
Fund, will be able to make such changes
before Dec. 15, 1955.
Staff members who have one-fourth
or one-third of the contributions to
TIAA allocated to CRE may wish to
change to a one-half basis, or go from
the latter to a one-fourth or one-third
basis.
The Air Force Officer Qualification
Test (Stanine) required for admission
to the advanced corps of AFROTO
Cadets, will be given Thurs. and Fri..
Dec. 1 and 2 in Kellogg Auditorium.
Testing periods extend from 7:00 p.m.
to 11:00 p.m. Attendance at both ses-
sions is mandatory.
All Veterans who expect education and
training allowance under Public Law
550 (Korea G. I. Bill) must get intru-
tors signatures for the month of Nor.
and turn Dean's Monthly Certification
into the Dean's office before 5:00 p.m.
Dec. 2.
Social Chairmen are notified that
Women's Judiciary has authorized 11
p.m. late permission for women stu-
dents on Wednesday and Thursday, Dec.
14, 15. Post-caroling, or other Christ-
mas parties may be scheduled on these
nights in accordance with this an-
nouncement and shou14 be registered
in the Office of Student Affairs, 1020
Administration Building on or before
Friday, Dec. 9, 1955. C haperons may be
a qualified single chaperon or married
couple.
Tryouts for the fiftieth Annual
French Play today from 3:00 to 5:15 p.m.
In Room 408, Romance Language Build..
ing. All students with some knowledge
of French eligible.
Lectures
Readings by Members of the English
Department. Prof. Allan Seger, reading
his own story, "Under the Big Magnolia
Tree." Thurs., Dec. 1. Aud. A, Angell
Hall, 4:10 p.m.
Academic Notices
Law School Admission Test: Applica-
tion blanks for the Feb. 18, 1956
administration of the Law School Ad-
mission Test are now available at 110,
Rackham Building. Application blanks
are due in Princeton, N. J. no later
than Feb. 8, 1956.
To Instructors of Engineering Fresh-
mlen:,Eleven week grades for all n-
gineering Freshmen are due in the
Secretary's Office, 263 West Engineering
Building on Fri., Dec. 2.
Engineering Seminar: "Personal Prob-
lems after Graduation," discussed b'
A. R. Hellwarth of the Detroit Edison
Co. Thurs., Dec. 1, 4:00 p.m., Room 311,
W. Engineering Bldg.
Engineers Interested in Electric Utili-
ties: A. R. Hellwarth of Detroit Edison
speaker for the Engineering Seminar
meeting this week, will be available to
counsel with engineering students inter-
ested in the electric utility idustry at
the following times on Thurs., Dec. 1:
10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. in Room 3521
E. Engineering Bldg., and 11:00 a.m. in
Room 229 West Engineering Bldg. Prior
appointment not necessary.
Sociology Colloquium. Talk entitled,
"Stability and Change in Postwar Ger-
many," Professor Morris Janowitz, Wed,
Nov. 30, East Conference Room, Rack-
ham Building at 4:10 p.m. Open lecture.
Botanical Seminar. Dr. John F. David-
son, Department of Botany, University
of Nebraska, will speak on "A Taxono-
mist's Excursion into Plant Serology,"
Wed., Nov. 30 at 4:15 p.m. in Room 1139
Natural Science. Refreshments at 4:00
p.m.
Chemistry Department Colloquium.
Thurs., Dee. 1 at 7:30 p.m. in Room 1300
Chemistry Building. Richard Anderson
will speak on "New Computational Pro-
cedures as Applied to the Electron
Diffraction Investigation of CF3Br,

CF3I, CF3CN and CF3SF5." H. N. Beck
will speak on "Structure of Diasoke-
tones."
Doctoral Examination for Ralph Ed.
win Billett, Education; thesis: "A Sur-
vey of Health and Physical Education
Programs in the Public Elementary
Schdols of Ohio by Means of the La-
Porte Score Card," Wed., Nov. 30, E'ast
Council Room, Rackham Bldg., at 10:00
a.m. Chairman, P. A. Hunsicker.
Doctoral Examination for Robert
Joseph Antonacci, Education; thesis:
"Sports Participation and Interests of
High School Boys in the State of flii.
nois," Thurs., Dec. 1, East Council
Room, Rackham Bldg., at 3:00 p.m.
Chairman, P. A. Hunsicker.
Events Today
Free Film. Museums Bldg., 4th floor
Exhibit Hail. "Humming Bee" and
"American Flamingo," Nov. 29-Dec. 5.
Daily at 3:00 and 4:00 p.m., including
Sat. and Sun., extra showing Wed. at
12:30.
Linguistics Club will meet at 7:30
p.m. this evening, East Conference
Room, Rackham Building. Mrs. Paz
Dominado will discuss grammatical
interference as seen in Philippine
languages in contact with Spanish and
English. Seymour Chatman is tenta-
tively scheduled to talk on the prosadic
structure of Robert Frost's "Mowing."
Students and faculty members inter-
ested in the scientific study of language
invited.

N a preceding article I argued that the White
House Conference on Education, which meets
this week, should make definite recommenda-
tions on whether and on how Federal aid should
be given to education.
There is a gl'ave shortage, which threatens
to become much worse, in the supply of class
rooms and of teachers. The class rooms can
be built when the money is provided: the only
question is whether all the necessary money can
be provided by the states separately, or whether
a Federal contribution is required.
The shortage of teachers calls also for more
money to attract and to hold competent men
and women. But money alone will not solve
the problem. The arithmetic of our rapidly
growing population shows that by the conven-
tional standards enough teachers cannot con-
ceivably be found.
The problem is set forth clearly in a pam-
phlet called "Teachers for Tomorrow," which
is published by The Fund for The Advance-
ment of Education, a creation of the Ford
Foundation. (I should say for the sake of the
record that while I have had nothing to do with
the preparation of the pamphlet, I am a m'em-
ber of the board of the fund which is responsible
for the pamphlet.)
FEW of us, myself included, have realized
until recently how enormously and how
suddenly the American birth rate is increasing.
During the '40s the enrollments year by year
in elementary schools remained steady at about
20,090,000 children. This year the enrollment
has jumped up to 29,000.000.
But when the babies born in the past five
record-breaking years are ready for school,
enrollment will be pushing 35,000,000. This
means that for every 100 enrolled in elementary
schools during the '40s there will be 170 at the
beginning of the '60s. The big increase in the
secondary schools will come a little later, as
the children grow older.
By the end of the '60s, which is only four
Presidential terms away, the children who

E come now to what we may call the Im-j
possible Arithmetic of the Teacher Prob-
lem. Our present ratio of teachers to pupils is
supposed to be one teacher for every thirty
elementary pupils, one teacher for every twen-
ty-five secondary pupils, and one teacher for
every thirteen college pupils. To have enough
teachers - if the present teaching system is
to be maintained - it would be necessary to
recruit by 1965 an additional half million ele-
mentary and secondaryschool teachers. For the
colleges we shall by present standard need in
the next fifteen years about double the
number of existing teachers.
We cannot hope to find that number of.
teachers. We cannot hope to do so even when
- as we must- we have raised teachers' sal-
aries. The number of teachers needed will be
one-half of all college graduates of every
variety. At present one-fifth of all college
graduates go into teaching. It just is not
possible that in the next ten years one-half of
all college graduates will go into teaching, that
as many college graduates will go into teaching
as go into all other professions and vocations
combined.
"It will be impossible," says the Ford pam-
phlet, "under the present pattern of teacher
recruitment and teacher utilization to secure
anywhere near enough good teachers for our
schools and colleges over the next fifteen
years."
It will be necessary, therefore, to find ways
of enabling teachers to teach a larger number
of pupils. The arithmetic of the situation
allows no escape from this conclusion.
THAT being the case, the obvious remedy is
to supply the qualified teachers with aides
who can take over the housekeeping and clerical
chore, leaving the teachers more time to teach.
We hall have to apply to the teaching profes-
sion the general principle which Mr. Dael
Wolfle, director of the Commission on Homan
resources and Advanced Training, states as
follows: "A trained expert seldom works alone.
A lawyer has his clerks, an engineer his drafts-
men. a doctor his nurses and technicians, a

(Editor's Note: The Daily asked
Dr. Clyde Johnson, former dean of
men at UCLA and now Executive Sec-
retary of Phi Kappa Sigma, for com-
ment on Dr. William S. Carison's
article: "Fraternities: An Evil Force
on the Campus," (Saturday Review of
Literature, Sept. 10.)
Dr. Johnson told The Daily "The
Editor of Saturday Review of Litera-
ture has admitted to Mrs. Wilma
Leland that the Carlson article con-
tains many inaccuracies, was publish-
ed as a 'controversy-provoking' piece,
and that there will be an article pre-
senting another view published
soon.")
By LEE MARKS
Daily Staff Writer
ARE fraternities an evil force
on campus?
In reply to Dr. William S. Carl-
son's charge that fraternity "pro-
fessionals" inspired a mass letter
campaign, Dr. Clyde Johnson, Ex-
ecutive Secretary of Phi Kappa
Sigma, says, "No action of my
office, nor of the College Frater-
nity Secretaries Association, in-
spired any written or oral request
of a single letter to Dr. Carlson.
"'Professional executives' do not
'control' fraternities; they are em-
ployed by governing boards, who
are in turn elected by chapter
delegates at conventions, to carry
out orders and directives of con-
ventoins and governing boards.

When they fail to do so, they get
fired."
* * *
DR. CARLSON challenged mo-
tives of fraternities in amending
constitutions to eliminate bias
clauses, claiming they intended to
continue practicing discrimination.
Dr. Johnson answers, "'National
fraternities' are merely intercolleg-
iate associations of chapters, gov-
erned democratically by conven-
tions of delegates of each chapter.
No one can explore definitely the
motives of a convention of dele-
gates in adopting or amending a
constitution. Officers usually are
required to take an oath to enforce
such constitutions; in most organ-
izations an officer who advocates
disregard of its laws is subject to
removal or recall."
In answer to Dr. Carlson's claim
that fraternities are tolerated,
rarely encouraged by university
officials, Dr. Johnson referred to a
booklet, "American College Fra-
ternity: What College Administra-
tors Say of it."
Presenting the replies of college
administrators to a letter asking' if
they considered the fraternity a
predominantly educational institu-
tion, the booklet claims, "Two
hundred and seventy-five replies
were received. Of these, one hun-
dred and eighty-one endorsed the
fraternity as predominantly edu-
cational in its functions; half a
dozen could not subscribe to this
characterization and the remain-
der were more or less non-com-
mittal ."
* * *
DR. JOHNSON continues, "I
should agree with Dr. Carlson in
seeing dangers in any social insti-
tution, Greek or non-Greek which
'arrogates powers of control' unto
itself. It is my observation that
'social standards' at most Ameri-
can colleges are established by the
institutional authorities, although
many wisely share responsibilities
with agencies of student self-gov-
ernment, including inter-Greek
councils."
Regarding Dr. Carlson's remarks
about being sued by the National
Interfraternity Coancil, Dr. John-
.,n g.vr_ "Th ,.prr.3 of Civi

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