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CLOUDY AND COOL




VOL. LXVI, No. 139

ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, APRIL 26, 1956

SIX PAGElS

- -- U


Nixon Aide
Subpoenaed
By Senators
Group To Study
Army Contracts
WASHINGTON (P) - Senators
investigating Army contracts yes-
terday issued a subpoena for law-
yer Murray Chotiner to appear for
questioning next Wednesday.
Chairman John McClellan, (D-
Ark) of the Senate Investigations
subcommittee, signed the subpoena
after Samuel Kravitz and his son,
Herman, Atlantic City clothing
manufacturers, had invoked the
Fifth Amendment in refusing to
discuss their hiring of Chotiner as
a lawyer for Herman Kravitz in
1953.
Chotiner, who was Vice Presi-
dent Nixon's 1952 national cam-
paign manager, was retained by
the Kravtzes at a time when Her-
man Kravitz was facing federal
charges of misappropriating gov-
ernment goods.
Robert F. Kennedy, the subcom-
mittee's chief counsel, told report-
ers he was sending the subpoena
to the U.S. marshal at Los Angeles
by air mail to be served on Choti-
ner.
'Fifth Amendment Invoked
The Kravitzes also invoked the
"ifth Amendment when asked
whether they had made "payoffs".
to government officials in connec-
tion with military uniform con-
tracts their company received in
the early 1950s.
The subcommittee had told
Chotiner he would be subpoenaed
if he didn't 'appear willingly.
In Los Angeles, Chotiner said
he had informed McClellan last
night "that the press of legal busi-
ness requires my attentionein
California through May 2."
The subcommittee heard testi-
nwmny :Tuesday that Chotiner re-
ceived a $5,000 fee In 1953 for
representing Herman Kravitz, a
key figure in its search for pos-
sible graft and corruption in the
handling of military uniform con-j
tracts..
SGC Board
Posts ~Open
 to Students
Petitioning has now opened for
membership on four Student Gov-
ernmental Council committees.
All students of the University are
eligible to petition for the groups
which include the Cinema Guild
Board, Human Relations Board,
Housing Study Committee, and
Calendar Study Committee.
Through committee work such
as this, students may gain exten-
sive knowledge of campus affairs
while working in an administra-
tive capacity.
Four openings of one year dura-
tion are available on the Cinema1
Guild Board. The total board,
which includes eight students,a
meets weekly to select and publi-
cize movies to be shown and to
interview and select organizations
which wish to sponsor the movies.
The Human Relations Board
which meets to investigate ands
take action against discrimination1
in the campus area, offers studentsf
valuable experience in the field of
human relations. There are four

one year and three one-half year
positions open.
The Calendar Study Co1pmittee
was recently formed by SGC. It
will study the new University Cal-
endar and later make recommen-
dations for possible improvement..
The Housing Study Committee,
which acts as an advisory board on
the problems of student housing,
has two one year positions open.
Petitions are available in the
Office of Student Affairs, 1020
Administration Building, and must
be submitted by May 1.
Traffic Poll
In Pro gress
The traffic survey, currently con-
ducted jointly by the city of Ann
Arbor and the University, yester-
day centered its operations on
Washtenaw.
In the hour between 7 and 8
a.m. approximately 1000 cars
passed. Of these. about 200 were

Court Threatens
Alabama Lines
Montgomery Bus Company Warned
To Abide by Segregation Laws
MONTGOMERY, Ala. (P)-Montgomery City Lines yesterday faced
the threat of court action to revoke its franchise unless it backs away
from its newly announced policy of racial integration.
The City Commission declared the bus company will have to
abide by city and state segregation laws if it continues to do business
here.
Meanwhile, there was still no report of race mixing on the buses
despite the company's integration order. Most Negroes were still
boycotting the bus line as they have for five months. Those who
did ride took seats in the rear.
Hinting at a court suit to break the recently renewed 10-year bus
"franchise, Mayor W. A. Gayle said

President

Rejects

Plan

To

Halt

H - Bomb


Worldwide
Atomic Code
Made Public

Educatio'n
Faults Cited,
ByTeacher,
By GERALD DeMAAGD
Students today do not get
enough reading, writing, and arith-
metic Prof. William Kelly Joyce
said before the Michigan Crib
Pre-law Society last night.
Prof. Joyce, instructor in con-
tract and criminal law at the
University of Detroit said that
freshman college students today
are not trained in logistic writ-
ing or how to think in terms of
a syllogism.
"When we get them in law
school we have to start all over
again," he said. "Students don't
get enough writing in high school
today. They are never given in-
centives to express their own
thoughts."
We are too credit-concious to-
day Joyce noted. He claimed that
60% of the students during their
first two years at college are
worried about. how many credits
they have.
"What you have in your head
is what you are going to sell for
your existence, not a diploma on
the wall," he said.
Engineering is not an education.
Engineers are the most uneducated
educated men in the world he said.
The. professor pointed out 'that
engineers that go into. law school
have to be made over just like the
rest of the students.
"Your life is governed by a
clock in law school," Prof. Joyce
told the pre-law students. It is
necessary to read 30 hrs. a week
he noted.
Rabbi T o Talk
At Lane Hall
Rabbi Dr Leon Fram will speak
on "Liberal Judaism and Its Func-
tion in Current Jewish Life," to-
day at 8 p.m. in Lane Hall.
Rabbi 'ram lectures at college
campuses under the auspices of
the Jewish Chautauqua Society,
an organization which dissemi-
nates authentic information con-
cerning Judaism.
He has been a spiritual leader
of Temple Israel in Detroit since
1941. He previously occupied a
pulpit in Chicago and for 15 years
was associate rabbi of Temple Beth
El in Detroit where he founded
and was director of the Jewish
Community Council of Detroit.

the contract can be canceled W'if
one party breaks the law."
But it would take court action,
the Mayor explained, since the
franchise itself says nothing about
segregation.
Said Police Commissioner Clyde.
Sellers:
"If the bus company operates
in Montgomery, it will, have to
operate under Montgomery and
Alabama laws."
Statutes Called Valid
The commission contends city
and state segregation statutes are
still valid despite a federal court
ruling in South Carolina and the
Supreme Court's decision.
A spokesman for National City
Lines Inc., of Chicago which owns
the company, said this morning
his concern doesn't plan to change
its orders for desegregation in
Montgomery and other Southern
cities.
Vice President B. W. Franklin
also told reporters the company
would stand behind any Montgom-
ery bus driver who is arrested for
permitting integration on his bus,
Sellers has threatened arrests.
Franklin's statement was made
at a news conference before the
discosure came later in the day
that government attorneys in
Washington are divided in their
opinion on what the Supreme
Court actually ruled Monday.
They said the court might have
ruled all bus segregation invalid,
the first interpretation given to
the decision, or that it may have
merely dismissed an appeal on the
grounds that thecase hadn't been
finally determined in the lower
courts.
Farm Fiht
To Be Waged
WASHINGTON (P)-Rep. Cooley
(D-NC) said last night House
Democrats will launch a new'
fight in Congress to get farmers
the equivalent of 90 per cent of
parity for the crops this year.
House Democratic leaders gave
approval to proposals for direct{
payments to farmers, a variation
of the "Fair Deal" Brannan Plan
of the Truman administration.
President Eisenhower vetoed an
omnibus farm bill last week be-
cause it provided for rigid govern-1
ment price supports at 90 per cent
of parity for major crops. The ad-
ministration favors a sliding scale]
running from 75 to 90 per cent.
The new development came ast
Democrats in the House side-j
tracked soil bank proposals and
moved toward a new version of
farm legislation which would in-
clude the administration's soil]
bank plus direct price support pay-]
ments to farmers.

Fall Meeting To
Nations' Official

Seek
Okay

contest
Today is the deadline for en-
tries in the Union photo con-
test.
Prof. Philip Davis and Prof.
David Reider of the architec-
ture and design school will
judge the entries in four cate-
gories-travel, campus, home
ton "and sports. All student
amateur photographers may en-
ter.
Prizes, to be awarded Sun-
day, are an Argus C-3 camera
and second prize of a strobe
light.
Pictures may be five by seven
or eight by ten inches.

UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. (P)-
A worldwide atomic code to
breathe life into President Dwight
D. Eisenhower's atoms-for-peace
plan was made public yesterday.
The United States is working
for full approval of the program at
a huge conference to be convened
here around Sept. 24.
President Eisenhower broached
the idea of using atoms for peace-
ful purpooses in his speech to the
UN Assembly on Dec. 8, 1953.
He is expected here to make the
opening address at the world con-
ference next fall. The Americans
hope the code will be signed at
the end of that conference and
will be in operation in 1957.
Program Approved
The United States, Russia and
10 other countries approved the
program last Wednesday after
weeks of secret negotiations. It
would create an international,
atomic energy agency to see that
peaceful nations around the globe
share benefits of the atomic age.
It contains provisions barring
war-like use of atomic material
pooled with the agency and cre-
ates an inspection system to make
this certain.
Despite the unusual agreement
among the 12 countries on the
broad outlines of the code, a fight
looms in the conference next fall
on Red China.
The U.S. chief delegate, Henry
Cabot Lodge, Jr., yesterday urged
the UN Economic and Social
Council to begin immediately a
program of studies on economic
aspects of atomic energy develop-
ment. He said there should be
one place where pioneer economic;
thinking is centered.
Lodge. is backing a resolution
calling for Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold to prepare reports
on the use of atomic energy in
e o n o m i c development.
Positions Now'
Open For SBX
Petitioning has opened for posi-
[tions as committee chairmen oft
the Student Book Exchange.
Five students will be chosen af-
ter the Tuesday deadline to fill1
five chairmanships and serve onF
the Exchange planning board. Thei
positions are paying ones.
Petitions, which ask the appli-
cant to state his ideas and quali-1
fications, are available in the1
Union student offices.
Next fall's exchange will be giv-c
en a regular room in the Union.i
Manager Dick Mayer, '57BAd,
hopes to increase this year's grossx
sales of approximately $8,000.

SGC Brings
A ttention
To Freedom
By TOM BLUES
Academic freedom, a potential
force, at Michigan, will be the
theme of Academic Freedom Week,
proclaimed last night by Student
Government Council to be observ-
ed, beginning May 21 through May
25.
Jim Dygert, '56BAd, former Daily
city editor, commented, "Because
of the apathy concerning the con-
cept of freedomi merely as a right
to be accepted rather than as an
instrument to be used to our ad-
vantage, it is our duty to empha-
size the positive aspect of academic
freedom."
During the meeting SGC ap-
pointed the new ex-officio mem-
bers to advisory positions on the
several, committees. Roy Lave;
'57E, was appointed to Coordina-
tion and Counseling, Tim Leedy,
'57BAd, to Campus Affairs and
Sue Arnold, '57Ed, to Education
and Social Welfare.
Other positions went to Jean
Scruggs, '58 and Carol DeBruin,
'57Ed, Public Relations, Bob War-
rick, '57E, National and Interna-
tional Affairs and Dick Snyder,
'57, Finance.
The Council also appointed
Janet Winkelhaus, '57, Adminis-
trative Wing Coordinator. Miss
Winkelhaus has previously served
on the Public Relations committee.
Council members unanimously
approved the recognition of Zeta
Tau Alpha, national sorority.
Themia, recently instituted local
sorority, is reactivating the Alpha
Gamma chapter which went off
campus some time ago.
In other council action the Elec-
tions Committee was instituted as
a regular committee of SGC mak-
ing it a full rather than a part
time organization.
A motion to delegate funds from
last semester's homecoming dance
to the newly formed athletic board
was postponed after some debate
on the subject. The athletic board,
not yet recognized by the Council,
is comprised of the sailing club,
rifle team, chess team and skiing
club.

--Daily--Sam uing
IHC-SPONSORED Faculty Symposium held in South Quad last
night (left to right): Prof. Kenneth E. Boulding of the Economics
Department, Prof. William B. Willcox of the History Department,
Ribbin Ollivier, '57, President of South Quadrangle, and Prof.
Charles L. Stevenson, of the Department of Philosophy.
'xistenwuce of. God'
Talk Heard By 400
By BOB BALL
Because our conceptions of God vary so much and have so little
in common, what we call our "belief in God" is largely an emotional'
expression, Professor Charles L. Stevenson of the Philosophy Depart-
ment stated last night in the second of three IHC-sponsored faculty
symposiums.
Speaking before a crowd estimated at 400 at South Quadrangle
on the "Existence of God" were Prof. Stevenson, Prof. Kenneth E.
Boulding of the Economics Department, and Prof. William B. Willcox
of the History Department.
Continuing his point, Prof. Stevenson said that the unsophisticated
person, seeing Michaelangelo's painting on the roof of the Sistine
Chapel, might picture God as a white-haired old man with a flowing
beard. "But many," he went on, "picture Him as a force as opposed
to a more human conception.

Tests,
Ike Refuses
To Invite
Red Leaders
Denies U.S. Slow
In Guided Missiles
WASHINGTON W) - President
Dwight D. Eisenhower turned
thumbs down yesterday on any
idea of inviting Soviet leaders to
the United States and rejected
Adlai E. Stevenson's proposal for
halting hydrogen bomb tests.
President Eisenhower also voiced
a conviction this country is "some-
where around the limit" of maxi-
mum effort in trying to develop a
long-range guided missile; a field
in which Stevenson has accused
the administration of being "dan-
gerously dilatory."
At a news'conference, President
Eisenhower also declared that:
1. He sees "no logical reason"
for cutting taxes now, that it
would not be to the good interests
of America," since in this time of
high incomes the government must
be run without going into debt or
it never will be.
2. He would "have to be con-
vinced" it would be useful for him
to attend a heads of state meeting
to try to calm explosive unest in
the Middle East.
As always, though, ,he said he
would meet anybody practically
anywhere if he thought this would
promote peace and be in keeping
with America's dignity and self-
respect.
Democrats are "perfectly
right" in making him, rather than
members. of his Cabinet, a target
for election-year attacks. "I am
the head of the administration,"
he said, "and I have been shot .at
before."
4. Vice President Nixon has
given him no "answer that I would
consider final and definite" as to
whether Nixon would like second
place on the GOP ticket again this
year. Nixon was unavailable for
reaction.
Politics and foreign affairs-pretty
much dominated the news confer-
ence.
Statement Evaluation
The tee-off point was a, reuest
for 'an evaluation of a statement
by Societ leader, Nikita Khrush-
chev in London that Russia soon
may have guided missiles, with
hydrogen war pieads, capable of
hitting any point in the world.
The President said he knew of
no reason why the Russians
"should be making misstatements
in this field" and he certainly
wasn't accusing them of it.
Prof. Bloomer
Seeks Place
On City Board
Prof. H. Harlan Bloomer of the
speech department was the first
person to announce his candidcy
for a position on the Ann Arbor
Boarcl of Education yesterday.
In announcing his candidacy
Dr. Bloomer said: "I have long
been an admirer of the Ann Arbor
school system and standards which
it maintains. I am interested in

assisting the community in the
further development of the sound
planning for the future education-
al needs and in meeting the prob-
lems which surround the selection
and employment of a strong teach-
ing staff."
Prof. Bloomer is director of the
clinic of the Institute for Human
Adjustment, and heads the speech
correction services in the out-pa-
tient clinic of University Hospital.
Last year he attended the White
House Conference on Education as
president of American Speech and
Hearing Association.
Requirements for nominees for
the three-year position include be-
ing a registered elector and owning
property in the school district.
Prof. Bloomer received his bach-
elor's degree from the University


NEW YORK CENTRAL

VICE-PRESIDENT DEEGAN:

Cites Benefits of Automation in Railroad Industry

By ED GERULDSEN
Thomas J. Deegan, Jr., Vice'
President (Staff) of the New York
Central Railroad System, last night'
addressed the Second Michigan
Railroad Management Seminar at
its Railroad Night dinner in the
Union.
His topic was "The Human Re-
lations of Automation" and its
application to the railroad indus-
try.
In his speech, Mr. Deegan
stressed the great need for auto-
mation in the railroad industry,
and the many benefits and im-
provements that its advent would
bring about, both to the railroads
and to their customers.
Railroads Will Benefit
He stated that the railroads,

rather than 130 separate arteries
(the Class I railroads) and a mul-
titude of short feeder and termi-
nal lines.
"The third reason," said Dee-
gan, "springs from the size and
complexity of railroad operations."
'Giant Strides'
Automation, he declared, will
make possible giant strides to-
ward overcoming the technologi-
cal lag from which ,the railroads
suffer,, a lag which has dangerously
threatened their prosperity.
"It could have been said until
very recently that the survival of
our industry over the previous
quarter of a century was more in
spite of than because of the way
it was run," Deegan stated. "The
intrinsic economy of railroad op-
erations provided the cushion to
protect and sistain usduring thon

1
1

When interpretations appear to be
so varied, their nature must be
emotional.
Believes God Exists
Concluding his remarks, Prof.
Stevenson said, "I believe God
exists, but I wish I could say it
more warmly."
Prof. Wilcox, who opened the
symposium, . suggested that the
subject of discussion be approach-
ed from the viewpoint of the
agnostic or the atheist.
Historically, he pointed out, we
know that a person by the name
of Jesus did exist. But if he did
exist, who was he?
The fact that he became a major
historical phenomenon in a matter
of a few centuries agrees with the
gospelsthat he was far more than
man. "Christ was very real to
those who wrote about Him.
emotions," he said.
Belief Gained By Experience
"Belief in God is gained by ex-
perience in a relationship with
Christ, originally by means of the
Bible," Prof. Willcox summarized.
According to Prof. Boulding, God
has revealed himself as a judge. A
more religious person thus has a
higher sense of ideals and higher
standards. Our inner life is a large,
important areas in our actions,
and its existence points to the
existence of God.
London Talks
End Somberly
LONDON (A)-Soviet and Brit-
ish leaders ended their London
talks in a somber mood last night.
But there were indications both
sides will hail the conference as
a limited success toward easing
world tension.
A 31-word British communique
rang down the curtain on fur-
ther bargaining:
"The final stage of the Anglo-
Soviet disicussions was completed
this afternoon. The results will be
announed after the return f fthe

New Trend
In Teaching
Recognized
Commenting on the trend to
employ assistant teachers in to-
day's schools, Prof. Claude A.
Eggertsen of the School of Edu-
cation indicated that the public
will insist on the employment of
qualified instructors.
"The use of assistants," he said,
"may well prove to be a first and
necessary stage in the trend to-
ward proper recognition and pay-
ment of teachers."
Prof. Eggertsen's researches into
the history of the movement in
England and the United States
have established him as one of
the leading authorities in the field.
He states that even in the 19th
century, people were debating the
use of teaching assistants.
The movement evolved' directly
from the need to educate the chil-
dren of the nation's expanding in-
dustrial cities without excessive
cost.
"The plan was promoted by hu-
manitarians,dphilanthropists and
political leaders of the time, not
merely because there were too few
teachers, but possibly because they
hoped to forestall the demands for
a more costly common public
school by providing a gaudy but-
cheap organization," he said.
Although the system eventually
died out because of the attitude of
the middle and poorer classes, it
did make a significant contribu-
tion to American education. The
educator pointed out that these
assistant teacher schools were di-
rectly responsible for free public
schools in this country.
Dems To Pick