BOARD CONSIDERS DROPPING GENERATION See Page 4 Latest Deadline in the State D4aIAt PARTLY CLOUDY, WAlRM:zER rer~sr rl a wn rr r VOL. LXVI. No.137 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, APRIL 24, 1956 ti rAobb Discrimination Issues Explained This is the first in a series of articles on segregation in the United States as viewed from the standpoints of education, law, social-psychology, anthropology, history and political science. By MARY ANN THOMAS Cs t1 ' 'j Two years ago this May the United States Supreme Court issued its now historic decision declaring racial segregation in public schools contrary to the Constitution. The decision has had profound effects on the educational systems of the States, particularly those in the South. By now the initial period of surprise, indignation and violent protest has largely passed. But a stubborn core is still trying to resist the change ordered by the high court. Prof. Fred G. Walcott of the School of Education is particularly qualified to speak on the topic of segregation in public schools. Direc- tor of the Workshop in Human C y - Relations in School and Communi- ''r RnS . ty, he has developed a working in- terest in the question. Claim Cultural Difference "The Southern people claim L1an1i1pF~uJLthere is a vast cultural difference between Negro children and white children," he said in explanation of the problem facing desegrega- tionists in the South. WASHINGTON WP)-The Su- "It is admittedly a difference in preme Court yesterday extended cultural opportunity," he con- its ban on racial segregation to tinued. "They admit white people public transportation within the have had better educational "op- borders of a state. portunities, but they object to this It did so by ;dismissing as friv- immediate shock of absorbing the It di obpea' from a United underdeveloped Negro children." ous an appeal ofr ad Uision Segregationists believe it will States Court of Appeals decision "water down" the quality of edu- in Richmond, Va., that segregation cation. Listing other claims of on intrastate buses violates the Southern segregationists, P r o f. fedral constitution. Walcott said they claim there is Segregation more disease among Negro chil- The court's action means that dren and therefore object to shar- segregation in any form in public ing toilets and drinking fountains transportation, whether entirely with them. within a state or between states, 'Objections Only Rationalizations' is now unlawful. "Such objections are only ra- Only 10 words were used in the tionalizations," he e x p r e s s e d court's order, including citation of strongly. "If they are believed," a case decided in 1929. he warned, "the problem will never A search of the court's records be solved."' showed that the cited case in- "Many of these so-called ob- volved dismissal of an appeal as jections to segregation are exag- filed "without any authority of gerated," he continued. "We have law," and which "needlessly con- already learned in States like New sumed our time." York and New Jersey, where they Unconstitutional Burden have desegregation laws, that no The ban on intrastate segrega- problems occur. People accept it; tion came 10 years after the court the fears they have imagined just struck down compulsory separa- don't materialize." tion of the races by state law in Citing a recent article in the buses crossing state.lines, In the Atlantic Monthly by a Georgian 1956 decision the court said segre- journalist, Prof. Walcott said that gation on buses was an uncon- there are a lot of people in the stitutional burden on interstate South who are advocates of de- Commerce. segregation. "There are a lot more Yesterday's action, coupled with of them who give, it silent ap- earlier decisions and an interstate proval," he commented. "They feel Commerce Commission order in the immorality of discrimination, November 1955, directing that but won't admit it. segregation be ended on interstate An example of this attitude was traianbuesnd intwatgpresented not long ago. A Negro trains and buses and tn waiting educator from the South told Prof. rooms used by interstate travel- Walcott that a local official had ers, covers all conceivable angles approached him when several of public transportation. Negroes had been jailed during Not Correct Statement the bus boycott in Alabama giving The Court of Appeals ruling last him $300 and saying, "Get those July 14 said the Supreme Court's people out of jail, but don't say 1896 decision laying down the his- anything." toric "separate but equal" doc- Missouri, Maryland, Delaware trine "can no longer be regarded See PROF., Page 6 'U' Senate OK's Rose Bowl Pact Defeats Motion. Of Disapproval By LEE MARKS By an overwhelming majority the University Faculty Senate yes- terday approved continued partici- pation in the Rose Bowl according to Prof. George McEwen of the Engineering College. However the approval favored continuation of the pact on a term basis (such as three years) rather than the open-end contract urged by the Pacific Coast Con- ference. A motion expressing disapproval of the Rose Bowl pact was de- feated 127 to 96 after what was termed "lengthly discussion." Advisory Vote The Faculty Senate action is an advisory vote. Final authority for determining University p o i c y rests with the Board in Control of Intercollegiate Athletics on which sit 10 faculty members. Presumably the Board could still vote for an open-end contract. There was no indication yester- day what policy the Board would follow. No date has been set yet for their meeting Extension of the Rose Bowl pact, which expired this year, is pres- ently being considered by Big Ten schools. Purdue has already gone on record as favoring continua- tion on an open-end contracts Urge Open-End Contract The open-end contract suggest- ed by the Pacific, Coast confer- ence provides that the pact be continued indefinitely. Following unsportsmanlike in- cidents during the last football season, particularly at the Michi- gan-Ohio State game, several pro- fessors and administratorsraised doubts as to the advisability of continuing the pact. Overemphasis of post-season games, it was felt, was partly res- ponsible for the tensions that arose. President Harlan H. Hat- cher has publicly claimed that bowl games have been blown up out of proportion in recent years. Arms to Israel' Ann Arbor citizens will discuss whether or not the United States should send arms to Israel at 8 p.m. today in the west cafeteria of the new Ann Arbor High School Building. Prof. John P. Dawson of the law school wil'introduce the topic. University students are invited to attend. ill Soon H ave H-MVissies Says BAGHDAD DEAN: Iraqi Hits U.S. Misinformation I Soviet By GERALD DeMAAGD The best quality of the American people is their fairness once they understand the facts, Abdul Rah- man Al-Bazzaz, representative from Iraq to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights said yesterday. , Al-Bazzaz, who is also the Dean of Baghdad University College of Law, is currently visiting the Uni- versity Law School, and is sched- uled to see George G. Cameron, chairman of the department of Near Eastern studies today. D ocumenats May ShowU Louis Bribe NEW YORK WP-Documents purporting to show that Joe Louis, former world heavyweight champ- ion, agreed to resign as champion and sign the four leading challeng- ers to exclusive contracts, were brought to light yesterday in the International Boxing Club monop- oly trial. The government contended that Harry Mendel, publicity man and T r u m a n Gibson, representing Louis, met with Jim Norris and his partner, Arthur Writz early in 1948. Louis Got $150,000 An agreement was reached in which Louis would turn over the contracts to the IBC for $150,000. Under this agreement, it was contended Gus Lesnevich, former light heavy champ, received $10,- 000 and Lee Savold of Paterson, N. J. was paid $5,000. Ezzard Charles and Jersey Joe Walcott, the other two contenders, were to meet in the first match for the title. The trial continued today with the Government introducing doc- uments to support its claim that the club operates in restraint of free enterprise in professional boxing. U.S. Attorneys Trace Papers The details of the formations and operation of the IBC were traced by Assistant United States Attorneys William Elkins and Lawrence Gochberg through a series of documents. The Government also produced documents to show how the IBC moved into Madison Square Gar- den, paying the late Mike Jacobs $100,000 to surrender his boxing lease and $10,000 for rights to out- door arenas and certain contract- ural rights between him and Ray Robinson. In an interview with The Daily the Mesopatamian said that Amer- icans are lacking in information about the Middle East, and some harmful acts have happened as a result. "Half the truth might amount to a complete lie," he said. Al- Bazzaz charged that the press in this country is dominated by in- fluential people in high positions who are influenced by the Zion- ists. "If you take an anti-Zionist editorial to a big New York or Chi- cago paper none of them will print it.'" Attitude Improving Al-Bazzaz said that he thought the attitude of -the people of this country was improving. "We are not against the American people," he said. The UN delegate blamed the hot political situation in the Middle East on two points. (1) "Tension comes out of the policy of Israel, which is very aggressive toward us," and (2) "The oppression of the French who still stick to the reactionary imperialism of the 19th century." When these two questions are resolved the relations with the West will be better he declared. Up To U.S. It is largely up to the United States to settle the unrest in the Arab States, Abdul Al-Bazzaaz stated. Without our assistance the French would not be able to con- tinue their present policy, he said. Morocco was the first state to recognize the independence of the United States, he pointed out, ask- ing why the U.S. shouldn't recog- nize the same anti-colonial posi- tion of French Morocco. The foreign policy of the pres- ent administration is "much better than the Truman administration," because Truman did not follow the recommendations of the state de- partment, he said. He pointed out that Truman admitted in his memoirs that he had the informa- tion but was forced not to follow the state department policy by "Zionists interests." Al-Bazzaz said that his country was progressing in economic devel- opment' but "we are not a very rich country, and are thankful for American aid. The more you un- derstand us, the better our rela- tions will be," he concluded. Students For Adlai "Whom Should the Democrats Nominate?" will be discussed be- fore the Students for Stevenson at 7:30 tonight in Rooms 3LMN of the Union. The meeting is open to the public. -Daily-John Hirtzel AL SIGMAN leads off in the fourth inning with a line single to left. Although he stole second base, his teammates stranded him there. M' Nine Downs Wayne On Fox's One-Hfitter 2-l By LYNNE TOWLE v Bruce Fox made his pitching debut by hurling a one-hitter to lead Michigan to a 2-1 baseball victory over Wayne at Ferry Field yesterday. Fox was untouchable until the Michitickets Prizes Given The winners of the competition among booths for the largest num- ber of tickets collected during the two-day Michigras carnival have been announced. The show category was won by Alpha Tau Omega-Chi Omega's "Nutcracker Sweeties," with 25,529 tickets collected, skill by Tau Delta Phi-Delta Phi Epsilon's "Frigid Fun," at 21,249, and refreshment by Phi Sigma Kappa-Alpha Omi- cron Pi's "Candyrama" at 14,242. Honorable mentions in the show category went to Gomberg-New- berry's "Showboat," the winner of the overall judging Saturday night, and Beta Theta Pi-Alpha Delta Pi's "Beta Burlesque." The skill boothbhonorable men- tions were won by Sigma Alpha Mu-Hobbs' t "Illuminate Your A- Rate" and Delta Tau Delta-Victor Vaughn's "Golden Garters," the winner of the overall skill judg- ing. Honorable mentions in the re- freshment competition were copped by Phi Gamma Delta-Alpha Phi's "Fee Fee Saloon" and Theta Delta Chi-Alpha Xi Delta's "Michi- cones." sixth inning, when Wayne's Fred Snowden drilled the lone hit off I him, a single to left field past the outstretched arm of third baseman Steve Boros.# Fox also contributed one of Michigan's five hits as he lined a sizzling single through the second baseman into short centerfield to' open the third inning. The Tartars got'an unearned run in the third inning when Al Oshinsky led off with a walk, Ray Herndon reached first on an error by shortstop Moby Benedict, mov- ing Oshinsky to second. Clarence Straughn then sacrificed, but everyone was safe on an error by Fox. Don Halverson grounded out second to first, scoring Oshinsky, but Herndon was thrown out at the plate trying to score from second. Snowden then grounded out to third base to end the inning. Michigan's two tallies came in the first inning. Benedict led off with a base on balls. Fox grounded out to first baseman Tom Keller, Benedict taking second. Howie Tommelein then dropped a clean single into centerfield, which sent Benedict 'scampering See WOLVERINES, Page 3 Workers Irl Red Leaders With Jeers Attacks Western Trade Barriers BIRMINGHAM, England (A) - Nikita Khrushchev told the world yesterday Soviet Russia soon will have hydrogen-bomb guided mis- siles "which can hit every point in the world." And to those who belittle or jeer the Soviet Union, the Communist party boss declared: "Never shake your fist at a Russian." Whirlwind Tour He had just been through a whirl-wind tour of Birmingham, Britain's Pittsburgh, in which he and Soviet Premier Nikolai Bul- ganin were met by heckling de- monstrators and banners saying "Down with Moscow." The guided missile reference came as Khrushchev tried to il- lustrate that the Soviet Union is geared to compete on any level with the Allied West. "The point I want to make is that restrictions of trade do not prevent us in any way from mak- ing advances in armament," he told the civic leaders in the heart of Britain's industrial belt. "We have seen fists shaken at us," Khrushchev said. "I would remind the man with the fist that attempts have been made previ- ously to speak to us in that man- ner. Never shake your fist at a Russian. "Is it not time that we became more intelligent and not shake our fists at each other? As a mat- ter of fact this fighting requires much less brains than trading does." Exploded Plane H-Bomb Khrushchev said the Soviet Un- ion had already exploded an H- bomb from a plane, and then as- serted that thus far the United States has only set off H-bombs from ground installations. Commenting on his talks with British officials, Khruschev said he felt the visit would be beneficial. "We are engaged in serious talks with the government," he said. Soviet H-Head Claim Rouses Little Alarm WASHINGTON (R) - Russia's latest claim-that she will have a hydrogen-headed missile soon and has beaten the United States in dropping a superbomb from a plane-was received in Washing- ton yesterday with general calm- ness. There was no official comment from the Petnagon or State De partment. Sen. Stuart Symington (D-Mo) now conducting a Senate investi- gation of United States air power as compared with Russian, had- this to say of the Soviet claim: "If true, it is a significant and terrible warning to the American people and the free world." American officials, in the ad- ministration and in Congress, have been saying for months that Rus- sia is launched on an all-out pro- gram to build inter-continental ballistic missiles which would be armed with nuclear warheads. But the Defense Department has insisted that the United States has accelerated its program for ICBM and intermediate-range missile de- velopment in a series of contracts with companies, . Unofficial speculation on the time needed for American devel- opment of the long-range, hydro- gen-armed missiles has ranged up- ward from two or three years. Khrushchev's broadly worded reference to developing such a missile "quickly" did not appear to add any specific new informa- tion to estimates here of the time of ocean-snanning rockets. as a correct statement of law." The 1896 decision, in varying de- grees, remained the law of the land until the 1954 Supreme Court, decisions striking down segrega- tion in public schools. Unwarranted Invasion Southern leaders branded the decision yesterday as another "un- warranted invasion of state and municipal rights" and a new step in "federal dictatorship." At least one governor and sev- eral officials said they would do everything legally possible to re- sist the new decision. i Health Service Physician Dies Dr. William Morgan Brace, sen- ior physician for men at University Health Service, died at 5:30 p.m., yesterday in University hospital. Primary cause of death was not determined. An autopsy was scheduled to be performed this morning. -Accord- ing to a report received late last night, Dr. Brace had been suf- fering from a lung ailment for a long time. An earlier circulating rumor that' he was suffering from cancer was disputed. Dr. Brace, an assistant profes- sor of hygiene of the School of Public Health, was considered a friend of all on the University scene. He served as physician for var- ious University groups, including the Biological Station in Cheboy- gan, from 1933-45, the Geography Camp in Wilderness State Park, from 1936-41, and the Marching World News Roundup By The Associated Press MONTGOMERY, Ala.-The Montgomery city bus lines yesterday ordered an end to segregated seating on buses today. A notice on the company bulletin board said the desegregation order was the result of the United States Supreme Court's ruling yesterday holding segregated seating unconstitutional. * * * * NICOSIA, Cyprus-A wave of violence between Greek and Turkish Cypriots washed over Nicosia yesterday. It left two Turks dead, at least eight men and women wounded, dozens of Greek store fronts< smashed, and a large Greek-owned building in flames. DAMASCUS, Syria-United Na- tions Secretary General Dag Ham- marskjold yesterday plunged into what may be the most complex, frontier problem that he will face on his Middle East mission. Within an hour of landing at Damascus Airport from Beirut, he and his aides were closeted with Syrian Premier Said Ghazzi and other officials. The first session lasted two hours. Hammarskj old refused to comment afterward. DETROIT-Detroit Mayor Al- bert E. Cobo appeared yesterday to be the major Republican hope for unseating G. Mennen Williams, four times Michigan governor. Mayor Cobo said he would "wait and see," whether to run. Republican leaders were certain that the three-time Detroit mayor would sacrifice the final two years in his term to answer a party draft. Mayor Cobo has long been : SPROWL ADDRESSES LAW HONORS BANQUET: I ATttorneyTells Value of Intellectual Side of Law James A Sprowl, Chicago attorney, speaking on "The Legal Idea- man" at the 1956 University Law School Honors banquet last night said that the intellectual side of the law is very important. "We will hire a top man in his class over an average man who is more mature and has more assurance. The brilliant lawyer has some -- ~~~advantages over an average lawyer," he said. The intellectual side of law is very valuable from the legal stand- point because there is "no business in which a good idea is worth more than the law," Sprowl said. He brought out several instances where searching of the statutes produced results where oratory had failed. He cited one example from his own experience where he was beaten on an issue in 1934 by :..... .the Rock Island Railroad. It takes' the competitive spirit and physical energy to be a good litigation lawyer Sprowl said. "It is the same thing that makes a great athlete-the desire to do just a little better within the rules." _ Awards totaling more than $1,750 were presented to the top men in the University Law School at the banquet. Certificates of membership in the Order of the Coif were pre- .nsented to the seniors in the top 10 per cent of their class. Editor-in- chief of the Michigan Law Review, Paul R. Haerle, '56L, and the Associate editors, Richard R. Dailey, '56L, Howard M. Downs, '56L, Edward H. Hoenicke, '56L, Arne L. Hovdesven, '56L, William R. Jentes, Dulles Asks More NATO Development NEW YORK (P)-Secretary of State John Foster Dulles said yes- terday the time has come to de- velop the North Atlantic Treaty Organization into something more than an purely military instru- ment. He did not pinpoint his ideas beyond mention of "more inde- pendence . . . more economic development . . . more sense of equality and human brotherhood." More Hope, Less Fear "Our new task is to build more on hope and less on .fear," Dulles told the annual luncheon of The Associated Press. Dulles referred to Soviet Russia's efforts to present an aspect of conciliation, with talk of economic aid rather than threats of violence. Without accepting this new look at its face value, Dulles said: "We would not, if we could, smother the hope that a benign transformation may have begun." New Milepost Some Washington sources pro- fessed to see in Dulles' speech a new milepost in American foreign policy, comparable in scope to the