Sixty-Sixth Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 I Opposing Viewpoints In Middle East Crisis . I sOpinions Are Free, utb Will Preval" orials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual; opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. Y, MARCH 25, 1956 NIGHT EDITOR: ERNEST THEODOSSIN Minimum Membership Rule Limits New Groups Israeli View- Israelis Withdraw from Arab Land By LILY LAHAV ONCE AGAIN Middle East tensions have become top news headlines Two current events awoke the interest of the Western World: ) 1 The attack of Syrian troops on Israeli fishermen, killing three of them. 2) The dismissal of Lt. Gen. John Baggot Glubb, the British commander of the Arab Legion. Since the armistice treaties, attacks from across the borders on settlements and on fishermen on the Sea of Galilee have happened continually. Hundreds of civilians have been killed and thousands wounded in so-called border incidents. In addition to this, the continu- ous announcements of Arab statesmen and leaders, calling for vengeance and threatening with a "Second round," the aggressive intentions of the Arab States have been obvious. Nevertheless, it seems that the Western powers realized this fact only through the recent events, mainly the dismissal of Gen. Glubb. According to a statement made by a responsible informant, for the first time official British thinking has shifted over to the view that the greatest danger of war in the Middle East lies in possible Arab aggres- sion. Although Gen. Glubb was considered anti-Israel, the Legion under British command was considered as a possible restraining factor on the Arab armies. Now, with the whole top echelon of British commanders recalled, the Legion could become a tool of Arab leaders aiming to' A Student Debate The world's most crucial area - the Middle East-re- mains poised, a time bomb set to go off any day. One war has already been fought in the area. In 1948 a truce commission was set up to keep the peace, yet border in- cidents are almost a daily oc- currence. What are the big issues? Why are they so irreconcilable? Daily readers can judge for themselves in this debate be- tween representatives of the Is- raeli and Arab Student organi- zations on campus. Lily Lahav, 28, is a Haifa, Is- rael school teacher, in special English studies at the Univer- sity. Khalid Al-Shawi, 25, comes to the University from Bag- dhad, Iraq, working for his doc- tor's degree in law. He is for- mer president of the Arab club. Arab View- Peace Pact Would Relieve Tensions By KHALID A. AL-SHAWI THE TRAGEDY or Palestine started in 1947 when the United Nations created Israel. Palestine, as well as Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, was under the Mandate System. Iraq, Syria and Lebanon acquired their independence as was stipulated in the Mandate and it was expected that Palestine would follow the same course. The United Nations, under the pressure of the Big Powers, created that state without a legal or even a moral right to do so. The right of the indigenous population of Palestine to form an independent state is unquestionable under the doctrine of self-determination. The United Nations applied this principle in such cases as Indonesia, Korea, Syria and Lebanon, but not only ignored it in the Palestinian case but deliberately adopted the opposite by giving the Jewish minority the best part of Palestine for the purpose of creating Israel. Sadly enough, the trend of American policy since has been to disre- gard both the legal and moral elements involved in the case in order to uphold what is called the status quo. To this policy whether Israel's creation is legal or moral is of no consequence; what matters is that Israel is now in existence and must remain. Even though this attitude forms a bad precedent in interna- tional relations and world morality, the Arabs recently showed their good intentions by reconciling themselves to accept the United Nations resolutions of 1948 regarding Palestine, to wit: first, the TTEMPTS to remove minimum member- ship qualifications for, campus organizations 11 probably be labeled red-tinged. When Stu- nt Legislature tried to force through similar islation three years ago it was voted down th a similar connotation attached. The red g stems from claims that the only organiza- n to profit from the change would be the ,bor Youth League which is struggling under ver in Ann Arbor with a microscopic mem- rship. Such reasoning is short-sighted from many .gles. Need for removing minimum member- ip qualifications goes beyond recognition of 'l. It by no means promotes University cognition for the group presently on Attor- y General Brownell's subversive activities list. Present University regulations require a group have 20 members before being recognized SGC. Only in rare cases does the Council e a loophole which permits recognition if the oups aims are commensurate with the small- membership. The spirit is quite obviously r a minimum of 20 members. To clarify questions raised because of the ,phole and to make SGC recognition based rely on the merits of the group involved e 20 member requirement should be elimi- ,ted. Groups asking recognition are often just or- nized and need University recognition to ild up their membership. This is especially ue with political groups not espousing one of e "popular" causes. The early months for ese groups are a struggle. With University cognition they could get publicity and meet- g rooms in University buildings which are ten the final touch needed to become a suc- ssful organization. COURSE extremist groups are often frowned on at the University. With recogni- n they would be using the good University ime to promote causes out of sympathy with e educational obectives of the University. But ee expression of opinion should be one of the niversity's objectives and extreme political oups would help to stimulate this presently agnant area. If they got out of hand, SGC uld immediately clamp down. The Council ill must approve their all-campus activities. But it's not just extreme groups. Eliminat- ing membership qualifications~would end neces-1 sity for SGC to make exceptions everytime. a small nationality group asks for recognition. With no minimum membership qualifications SGC would be completely free to admit the groups it wanted. It could judge each group on its merits. Membership could be a factor but not as it is now the decisive factor in many cases. LYL RECOGNITION is a needless fear. SGC still can keep the group off-campus even if it's eligible by membership standards. Removal of minimum membership qualifications would simply force the Council to build a logical case against their recognition on basis other than. too few members. Some think removing minimum membership qualifications doesn't go far enough, They favor removing the requirement that all mem- bets of organizations must be listed with the Office of Student Affairs. Membership listings with the OSA can be scrutinized by outsiders and -keep many stu- dents from joining groups that carry an ex- treme left-wing label. However if only officers were registered there would be no way for the University and SGC to keep touch with the numerous groups on campus. Padded memberships would become an immediate problem. Organizations could become loaded with non-students, scholasti- cally ineligible students and students who make it a habit of duplicating their memberships in various organizations with similar aims and principles. N 1949 the Daily checked into a .claim that five student organizations with around 20 members were backing a position then in con- troversy at the University. They found that the same 20 people were in all the organizations. With no minimum membership small groups could still be >recognized. Membership regis- tration would simply keep everything above board. Students enthusiastically supporting a cause should be recognized by a liberal edu- cational institution. But the University is under no obligation to provide legitimacy for undercover propaganda groups. -DAVE BAAD Managing Editor f 44 Soviets Better Than Orwell MANY AMERICAN readers of George Orwell's "1984" found sections of the book so fan- tastic as to be completely unbelievable. For example, there were the instantaneous, almost unnoticed switches of sides in the constant world war. Suddenly, with no official announcement, the people discover that they are fighting East-Asia instead of Eurasia, indeed that they have always been fighting East-Asia, when only a moment before the change they knew they were formally at war with Eurasia. Simultaneously throughout the land, speakers in the midst of their speeches, denouncing the enemy begin substituting the word "East-Asia" for Eurasia" and, when lauding their ally, sub- stitute the word "Eurasia" for East-Asia." Posters attacking the European state are re- placed abruptly by posters attacking the Orien- tals. And the people do not appear to notice anything. And yet, this is not really so whimsical as it may first appear. One thousand, three hundred and fifty-five party members were told at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party in Moscow last week that Stalin was guilty of "torture," "murder," "dictatorship," "lies," "anti-Semitism" and. a "Reign of Terror." Shouting at one moment, and with tears streaming down his cheeks the next, party leader Nikita Khrushchev enunciated the new dogma. The present party leaders had opposed Stalin all along, all the people had opposed him. And now, everyone stands for the new Khrush- chev gang. They always have., WHAT IS SO inconceivable about it is that this enormous change of policy has gone into effect like the flick of a switch. Except for the quelled riots in Stalin's native state of Georgia, there has been practically no friction. Portraits of purged leaders, such as Voznesen- sky, suddenly appear, the Stalin Auto Works is renamed the Moscow Auto Works, the Lennin- Stalin tomb is rechristened the Lenin tomb once more. Throughout the world, Communist officials are all denouncing Stalin. Perhaps this superlative degree of "double- think" would surprise even George Orwell himself if he were still alive. -TED FRIEDMAN destroy Israel. In fact, throughout all thec rael's attitude was always a peaces- ful one. The government of Israel has offered at various times a settlement of peace which was always rejected by the Arabs who deny even the existence of Israel as a legal state. Recently there has been talk about Israel's intention of starting a preventive war. In one of his latest addresses before the Knes- seth (Israel Parliament), prime minister BenGurion stated that his government never intended and never will start a war, adding that the talk about a preventive war was an outsider's invention. The Arab Tripartite pact (in- cluding Egypt, Syria and Saudi Arabia) against possible Israeli aggression seems ridiculous. If they are afraid of Israel's violence, why do they oppose any suggestion of signing a non-aggression pact with this state? The truth is that the Israelis feel that they have nothing to gain by war. Besides longing to avoid all bloodshed. Israel looks forward to peaoe because any kind of war would delay the nation's plans for development upon which her economic growth would de- pend. Furthermore, any kind of war would interfere with the inte- gration of the new immigrants which is one of Israel's main problems. THE DANGER of a possible blow-up in this area became acute late in 1955 after the Czechoslo- vakia-Egypt weapon deal which supplied the latter with modern equipment, including 200 MIG Soviet fighters, 100 Russian tanks, 6 submarines, quantities of artil- lery and other arms. Shipments of Communist arms soon arrived in Alexandria, and Syria, too, got an offer. The United States, Britain and France are standing by a 1950 declaration intending to stem the flow of arms to both sides. The idea was to maintain the balance of power in the area. This balance has been upset by a single stroke coming from behind the Iron Curtain. Yet, while the Western powers loudly protested the shipment of arms to Egypt by the Communists, Britain con- tinued without publicity her regu- lar shipment of arms to the Arab States, including 15 jet planes to the State of Jordan and 60 Centurion tanks to Egypt. The United States sent 18 tanks to Saudi Arabia. No doubt these sup- plies will upset the balance still more. Justr as the Western world has to increase her defense power to ensure world peace, Israel needs defensive arms to guarantee her sovereignty. While weapons keep flowing to all Arab States, Israel's request for defensive arms is still being discussed and delayed. When explaining his approval of sending weapons to the Arab States, Secretary of State Dulles declared that Israel cannot hope to match the Arab States in arms volume. She had better place her faith in the Tripartite Pact and in the United Nations themselves which had "created Israel." * * * MR. DULLES forgot that all the United Nations did was pass a resolution in November 1947 au- thorizing Israel's establishment. It did nothing to defend or imple- ment this when the Arab nations defied the United Nations and at- tacked Israel. It was the fact that Israel fought for her existence, al- though the UN abandoned her to her fate, which created this nation. The present situation with the Arabs getting more and more powerful may make a second at- tack seem deceptively easy to Nas- sar's glory-hungry army. Only the possibility of a second defeat could prevent it. The deterrent t war lies in Is- rael's acquisition of defensive arms of a quality capable of meeting the entirely new type of equipment which has been brought into the Middle East. The solution is - re- balance of powers. However, overcoming the dan- prey nf an nothn rs tfwa r rine no+ eight ~..-. ~Y~ '. t _ ..,, :, ,; = 1 ' .t years of her existence, Is- ' 3r 1. 4 - _ ,. ,_ sr .+ y t^' "N F, S^ 'y " b'=' t : ; . "a repatriation of the Arab refugees "You'll Be Much Safer With This Young Man Driving" to their homes and compensation to those who declined to return; second, the enforcement of the proposed partition plan of 1947; third ,the internationalization of Jerusalem. Today, acceptance of these three points is the only solution. They are the most to which the Arabs can concede. They alone can form the basis for a peaceful settlement. * * * AT THIS POD"T, one may ask why the Arabs then disputed the Partition Resolution at the time it was adopted and entered the Palestinian war. The answer .is simple. The Arabs, along with a great number of imminent jurists and publicists, challenged the UN interference and still believe it was illegally imposed. A body which does not have jurisdiction upon a matter cannot render judgment, particularly when the judgment is unfair and involves a denial of justice, self-determination and basic human rights. But since the UN adopted the resolutionand created the prob- lem, the Arabs feel that the UN must solve the problem Itself. However, under current develop- ments, the Arabs showed the world their best intention of co-opera- tion with that organization by ac- cepting these resolutions, primarily as a practical solution to the prob- lem. As for the Palestinian war, part of the Arab armies entered Pales- tine to save the inhabitants from the savage raids of the Zionist terrorists. Those raids were mali- ciously organized even before the mandatory Power left Palestine. * * 9 BUT THE unanswerable ques- 'tion is why the Zionists, who agreed to those resolutions in 1948, are violating them now by occupying 800 square miles more territory than they are supposed to have. Zionists bluntly claim they have a right to it because they occupied it by force. This is pure nonsense, as occupation by force does not give title to the occupant of the occupied territory, otherwise, for example, Russia can claim title to East Germany. If Israel is honest in its cry for peace, it must with- draw from that Arab territory. A solution to the problem of the Arab refugees is urgent. They cannot live as they are forever. Their recent plight is indescribable. The nonsensical argument of the Zionists that they should be forced to live in the neighboring Arab countries can be silenced by the fact that these are people, not a commodity, and they cannot be moved from one place to another without their consent. :egardless of the great effort the Arab States made by-issuing laws giving the refugees the same rights and privileges as their own citizens, and regardless of the UN plan to settle the refugees in other Arab countries, the refugees em- phatically refused. Their lands, which they owned for thousands of years, have a greater value to them than the Zionists can imag- ine. WHAT SHOULD America do? America's stake in the Middle East is tremendous. Its tangible and intangible interest in the area is vital. America should not sacri- fice its interests; its prestige, and its responsibility in leading the free world in order to 'please a small segment of American Zion- ists who split their allegiance be- tween Israel and America. We are aware of the Zionist lobbyist pressure on some of the American policy makers. We know their false and misleading propaganda in this country. It is time for the American people to know that the Arabs sustained an unbelievable amount of damage as a result of this policy. It is time that American policy in the Near East be derived from America's in- terests in the area. S* * s THE ONE-SIDE;} and partial policy in favor of Israel is reach- ing its climax in this country. If it ontinues it is linh l n thrnw 4 .} .4 a, .4 A4 BROADWAY SHOWS IN VOGUE: Movie Year Shabby Despite Changes .tr Adlai and the Folks MAYBE the whistle-stop campaign is not dead yet. Truman did all right with it in 1948 and now Kefauver has further confused an already hazy Democratic political picture by using it, in effect, in his sweeping primary win over Adlai Stevenson in Minnesota. At least this thought may occur to two men; namely President Eisenhower, who may very well be contemplating a "front portch" cam- paign this fall, and Stevenson, who realizes that one must do more than jump from a warm Editorial Staff Dave Baad ........................... Managing Editor Jim Dygert .......,....................... City Editor Murry Frymer ............. Editorial Director Debra Durchslag.................. Magazine Editor David Kaplan ....... . **.... Feature Editor Jane Howard.......................Associate Editor Louise Tyor .......................... Associate Editor Phil Douglis.. ......... Sports Editor Alan Elsenberg ........ Associate Sports Editor Jack Horwitz...........Associate Sports Editor Mary Helithaler .................... ... Women's Editor Elaine Edmonds.............Associate Women's Editor John Hirtzel ...................... Chief Photographer Business Staff Dirk AlstrAm-.-.-.............._...--usine sManager car, say a few words from behind the rostrum, jump back into the car and head back home. Stevenson did travel far and did work hard at his campaign but he just didn't have the hand-shaking charm and folksy ways of Sen. Kefauver that influences people and wins votes. Stevenson will simply have to work harder at this task. Political experts across the country are say- ing it is impossible to give a precise appraisal of the damage that has been done in the Stev- enson camp. Granted-there has been damage but the extent and reason for it are only speculation. While some writers are ready to bury Steven- son right now we can not quite believe that he is dead yet. They point out that Dewey upset Wendell L. Wilkie in Wisconsin in 1944 and Harold E. Stassen in Oregon in 1948 in a similar manner. But in 1952, Kefauver did very well in the primaries but Stevenson's name appeared on the ballot in November. ACTUALLLY IT IS fairly obvious that this defeat, while being a setback, has also aided Stevenson in that he now realizes a more con- contrated campaign effort, possibly of a slightly different nature, will be necessary in the future. Kefauver's success has indicated to Republican leaders that the GOP standard bearer in November may have to get out and stump, particularly in the farm areas, if he expects By ERNEST THEODOSSIN Daily Staff Writer THE ACADEMY of Motion Pic- ture Arts and Sciences last Wednesday tried very hard to make its award presentation something more than a big bore. The Academy got Jerry Lewis to emeee tke program. It acquired the services of top singers like Harry Belefonte, Jane Powelland Mau- rice Chevalier. It cut the official business to the bone, didn't both- er to mention nominated pictures and performers for most of the categories. It recruited almost ev- ery film artist available whose name is known to the public. But despite everything, the en- trie business of Academy Awards appeared very shabby indeed. * * * IN THE FIRST PLACE, the winners were almost predeter- mined. Hollywood had produced practically nothing that deserved any award. "Marty" and "Rose Tattoo" received most of the awards. But what would the Acad- emy have done without them? There was little else to choose from, so scarce were good Ameri- can pictures. The question of which size screen to use was still unanswered. CinemaScope, VistaVision a n d Cinerama were busily exploring the beauties of exotic foreign locales. Venice, Paris, London, the Rivi- era, Hong Kong, Switzerland, Ver- mont and a dozen other examples of natural and created beauty had become more important than per- formers. But scenery alone does not make a great film. Then there was the old business of studio politics. Foreign films THE MOST APPALLING fact was that almost no one was creating anything new for the screen. A glance at 1955's Hollywood pic- tures reveals one original effort, "Love Me or Leave Me." A biog- raphy of Ruth Etting, it was warmly received by critics and made money. Then the biography craze began. Studios started film- ing everybody's biography. Billy Mitchell's story was a must. Lillian Roth's story of alco- hol between songs was also a must, So was Eddie Foy's story. But Hol- lywood biographies don't make great pictures either: they are us- ually more song and dance than fact. Broadway shows were another vogue in 155. "Oklahoma!" "Pic- nic," "Guys and Dolls," "Mister Roberts" and "The Desperate Hours" were put on film. The us- ual complaint was that the origi- nal show was much better, that Hollywood had changed too much. Hollywood was buying up tele- vision plays madly, remaking its older pictures; no one was think- ing up very much that was new, and the screen had become a news for preserving the best ef- forts of such transitory media as the stage and TV. * * * LAST YEAR was also in the midst of a "change of pace" craze. Frank Sinatra is a singer, so he takes dramatic roles. Susan Hayward is an actress, so she sings. Bing Crosby is a singer, so he acts. Marlon Brando and Jean Simmons are dramatic stars, so they sing. The fad is still contin- uing. Audrey Hepburn is going to dance with Fred Astaire. Grace Kelly will sing with Bing Crosby. Gina Lolobrigida will sing alone. Hollywood had forgotten that there might be something beyond novelties and Broadway shows, novels and television plays to film. About the only new things in 155's Hollywood movies that deserved mention were different sizes and shapes of screens. Hollywood had a hard time last year. It did well by publicly thanking Paddy Chay- efsky, Ernest Borgnine and Anna Magnani. Without this trio, the year would have looked even more distressing. u4 u *l . x f' a .. 2: "s <::? #=.}