NEW STALEMATE See Page 4 jcj Lw 43U Daii4r Alk s Latest Deadline in the State t VOL. LXV, No. 141 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, APRIL 26, 1955 aY CLOUDY AND WARMER SIX PAGES Ike To Send Ship On.World Cruise NEW YORK (A)-President Dwight D. Eisenhower yesterday un- veiled plans for a goodwill worldcruise by an atomic powered peace ship. His plan was a takeoff in reverse on the "big stick" policy of T nearly half a century ago. "Visiting the ports of the world," he said of his proposed atomic merchant ship, "it will demonstrate to people everywhere this peace- time use of atomic energy, harnessed for the improvement of human living." The nation already has an atomic submarine afloat and a sec- National Roundup By The Assoiated Press SURVIVAL CITY, Nev. (P)- ond in the works. However, Presi- dent Eisenhower chose to drama- tize peace rather than might with Han entirely new atomic merchant ship to carry America's message to the world. I This atomic test town received at least 24 hours of graces yester- day when whistling winds forced postponement of Tuesday's sched- uled nuclear blast. Test officials were hopeful that the weather picture might change to allow the explosion to be set off Wednesday from a 500-foot tower near this model city on Yucca Flat in the largest civil de- fense test ever held. Forecast wind speeds of 70 m.p.h. at the expected height of the atomic cloud posed a poten- tially serious radiation fall-out problem to a number of Nevada communities. * * * WASHINGTON A')-Prof. H. J. Muller, Nobel Prize winning genet- icist, asserted last night that ra- diation from H-bomb tests could cause "tens of thousands" of harmful futations in the next generation of Americans. The Indiana University profes- sor, in a speech prepared for the annual meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, said the mu- tations won't undermine the heredity of the entire- United ' States population significantly, "but each individual harmful mu- tation is, however, an evil, and we have no right to dismiss it lightly. "Therefore, we must base our case for the continuation of the atomic tests squarely on the fact that they are at the present stage necessary to prevent our being put at a military disadvantage. Only from a position of all around strength, I think, can we finally reach a situation where general disarmament is feasible." ATLANTA, Ga. ()-Governors of states affected by the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad strike will meet with company and union representatives in Nashville today in a new effort to end the walk- out. Gov. Lawrence Wetherby of Kentucky, chairman of the South- ern Governor's Conference, called the meeting. A similar meeting of governors last week in Nashville proved fruitless. * * * SALT LAKE CITY (A) - The chairman of the Federal Securities and Exchange Commission said yesterday the agency is studying rules which might discourage the formation of uranium companies which don't have "much chance of success." Ralph H. Demmler told a news conference that investigation in- dicated "a rather substantial per- centage" of firms selling stock to finance uranium exploration or development fail to sell their en- tire offerings. Citizen Battle Road Problem DETROIT (P-The turnpike vs. freeway issue is developing into something of a tempest in subur- ban Bloomfield township, Oakland county. Some want one, some want the other-and some want none. Bat- tle lines are being drawn along 'Telegraph Road (U.S.24) But if the Michigan Turnpike Authority has it way it will build one in the form of a toll express- way along the west side of Tele- graph. If highway commissioner Char- lesZiegler has his way, he will 0 build one in the form of a lim- ited access freeway to the east of Telegraph. Citizens to the west of Tele- graph and in Bloomfield Town- .sn hq P han hafnv- -in> Thus he acted in reverse of the historic 1907 gesture by President Theodore Roosevelt, who dispatch- ed a battleship fleet around the world to focus attention on Amer- ica's fighting power, Disclosed at Luncheon President Eisenhower disclosed his latest atoms-for-peace plan at the annual luncheon of The As- sociated Press at the Waldorf-As- toria Hotel. He flew here from Washington and returned late in the afternoon. Early in his 4,000-word text, the President sprung his idea for an atom peace ship in these words: "We have added to the United States program for peaceful uses of atomic energy an atomic-pow- ered merchant ship. Request for Funds "The Atomic Energy Commis- sion and the Maritime Adminis- tration are now developing specifi- cations. I shall shortly submit to the Congress a request for the nec- essary funds, together with a des- cription of the vessel. "The new ship, powered with an atomic reactor, will not require re- fueling for scores of thousands of miles of operation. Visiting the ports of the world, it would dem- onstrate to people everywhere .this peacetime use of atomic energy, harnessed for the improvement of human living. An Atomic Exhibit In part, the ship will be an atom- ic exhibit, carrying to all people practical knowledge of the useful- ness of this new science in medi- cine, agriculture and power pro- duction. "In every possible way, in word and deed, we shall strive to bring to all men the truth of our asser- tion that we seek only a just and lasting peace." In Washington, the AEC declin- ed comment on the President's speech. Allies Will Meet To .Set Big 4 Talks Dulles Names Paris Site of May 8 Parley WASHINGTON (A') - Secretary of State John Foster Dulles will meet with the British and French foreign ministers Paris May 8 "to discuss concrste plans" for a later Big Four conference with Russia. In announcing this yesterday, the State Department gave no of- ficial word as to whether the Big Four meeting might be at the foreign ministers level, or higher. However, a top official said what Dulles has in mind is a Big Four meeting of foreign ministers first, perhaps to be followed by a heads- of-state conference. Bulganin Interested Russia's Premier Nikolai Bul- ganin dropped a remark Saturday in Moscow that he was interested in such a high level meeting, tell- ing newsmen to "ask Eisenhower and Eden about the date." If the foreign ministers' meet- ing made a promising start in set- tling the East-West deadlock over Germany's future, it was said au- thoritatively, President Eisenhow- er would be prepared to meet with Bulganin, British Prime Minister Eden and the French premier. Diplomats Chart Steps In advance of the American- British-French meeting in Paris, the three Allies agreed to send teams of lower ranking diplomatic experts to London Wednesday to chart the steps to be followed in arranging a later meeting with the Russians. At a later news conference, a State Department spokesman em- phasized Chancellor Adenauer's West German government will be fully consulted at both London and Paris by the Big Three foreign pol- icy chiefs in discussing anything directly involving the future of the divided country. Dulles' apparent readiness to aim for a June conference with Russia represents a softening of his previous position. ExperimentI SALT LAKE CITY ()-Dale Ainge, 3, asked his mother if he could take the family car and get some gas. Minutes later came a crash. With Dale at the wheel, the car had rolled backward and smash- ed a $150 plate glass store win- dow. Rep ort Still Report Says Red Strength k§ AtHih Peak Claim Russian Army Stroges in World WASHINGTON () - Military leader's have told Congress the mammouthRussian army is vir- tually on a war footing and that Red China's air force could be doubled or tripled "overnight" by the Soviets. The reports were 'made to a House Appropriations subcommit- tee at secret sessions last February but were -not made public until yesterday. Assessing the strength of the Russian Army, Gen Matthew B. Ridgeway said it has received new atomic warfare training and is equipped and disposed to under- take a major attack with little warning." "Powerful" Red Force The Army chief of staff describ- ed it as the most powerful land TEN YEAR force in the world, "in an excellent now located state of combat readiness." Gen. Nathan F. Twining, Air Force chief of staff, reported on Lck the air potential of the Red Chi- nese. U~1.5. Wants Natio+Cnalis Participation Peiping Is Asked For Good Faith BANDUNG Ihdonesia (1P) Prime Ministed Mohammed All of Pakistan said Red China's Pre- mier Chou En-lai told him yester- day the door to direct negotiations with the United States on For- mosa is almost closed, but then conceded it "is still open a slight crack." Mohammed Ali said he told Chou the door. is still open and should be opened wide. There was no comment by the Red Chinese on Mohammed Ali's remarks. Chou Raises Hopes Communst China pen to Negotiations -Courtesy of International Center S AGO TODAY delegates from 46 nations laid the groundwork of the United Nations, d in the ultra-modern building along New York's East River. of Universal View Hinders UN He told the subcommittee Com-; munist China's "rapidly expand- ing system of bases . .. gives the Communists the ability to move in aircraft r-apidly from the. Soviet Union." "We cannot ignore their capa- bility to double or triple their air strength in the Far East over- night," Twining said. Security Program Another report made public showed that the U.S. Air Force has intensified its personnel security program over the last two years. As a result, said Maj. Gen. J. F. Carroll, director of special investi- gations for the Air Force, 260 se- curity risk cases were filed against uniformed personnel in 1953 and 1954, and 37 officers or airmenf w e r e discharged on security grounds. Army Statistics The screened record of the sub- committee's proceedings also dis- closed: 1.. Ridgeway estimated the Army eventually will need 200,000 spe- cially trained volunteers annually to build up the planned strength of the reserve. 2. He reported Communist ground forces in Korea have been3 reduced to a 11% to 1 numerical superiority over South Korean and UN troops. 3. Secretary of the Army Ste- vens said the Army now has enough ammunition to hold its own in a "shooting war" until pro- duction lines get moving. , 4. Army estimates fix the value of fighting equipment stored in this country and abroad at 20 bil- lion dollars. By LEW HAMBURGER Ten years ago today former President Harry S. Truman wel- comed delegates from 46 nations to the San Francisco conference, labeling them "the architects of a better world." Headlines of the day gave evi- dence of an air of hope and con- fidence, and as one Associated, ress article related, "the delegates appeared grimly determined to succeed." A decade later newspapers tell, of a planned Big Four power con- ference, talks over the impending Formosa crisis, and a 29 member Asian-African conference, all out- side the confines of the UnitedI Nations. Efimenco pointed to the Tru-i man doctrine and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Or- ganization as two instances in which the U.S. has acted "con- trary to the spirit of the UN which is to take universal outlook." Ten Year Vote The UN charter provides for a vote to be taken by the United Nations 'ten years after its birth, to decide whether to hold a con- ference on changing its charter at that time. The United States fa- vors such a conference, but sev- eral news analysts have voiced the opinion that the current situation with the East-West split, will pre- vent any constructive major revi- cin in the rhte~r States, holding hearings in many cities, to find out what people want done about the UN if any- thing. Major Changes Prevente'd Last week it heard from former Presidents Truman and Hoover and Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, who substantiated the opinion of the news commentators that the descrepancies between the Com- munist and non-communist worlds would prevent major changes. Efimenco also viewed the con- ference on change in the charter with doubt. He sees "little prospect for overhauling the charter," and maintains that "the. revamping of the machinery will not be an an- Russian Writers Still fHave Rebellious Instincts By ETHEL KOVITZ 1 Despite rigid party restrictions{ in Soviet literature, rebellious in- stincts of Russian writers have not died, according to Prof. Er- nest J. Simmons of Columbia Uni- versity. Prof. Simmons said writers don't share the optimistic view of life contained in the Communist Par- ty line. They acknowledge that there is:misery in life. Prof. Simmons is chairman of the Slavic linguistics department at Columbia, and an authority on 19th century Russian literature. "Loyalty Motif" "Signs of literary restrictions became obvious after World War II," Prof. Simmons related. "Loy- alty to principles of the party be- came the central motif of novels.", "Every heroine in Soviet liter- ature was a party member," he continued. Other main themes were rehabilitation of soldiers, in- dustrialization and hatred of im- perialistic powers of the West-es- pecially America. An anti-cosmopolitan campaign, stimulating fear and compliance, forced writing to take on "the uni- formity of the dead in a cemetery, and criticism, the sameness of the tombstones." Lack of Originality? In 1949 the party began to crit- icize literature, blaming not its policy but the writer"' lack of or- iginality. Then writers began to fight staged now, the theaters are emp- ty, he said. - Literature had reached a state of crisis at the time of Stalin's death in March of 1953. His death intensified, the momentum of the opposition, and a growing' revolt against party abuses began. But the revolt died a year later. As Georgi Malenkov lost power, the party returned to Stalin's "get tough" policy with literature, Prof. Simmons said. Noticable Contrast JJ e .1 W1"4 The contrast is noticable, and A Senate sub-committee this swer to the major problems of the summarizes briefly the crux of the year has gone all over the United world.' UN's greatest obstacle - gaining' the support of the member nations LOWER TRAFFIC TOLL: in adopting a universal view to-' ward world problems. Prof. Marbury Efimenco said F the UN's long range constructive efforts along the socio-economic line have been progressing well. In Student Death Rate "However," Efimenco continued, "efforts along the political lines{ have been less impressive." He By LEE MARKS said the pre-requisites to politicalnine years immediately fol- Figures released recently by lowing institution of the ban success were never organized. i Health Service Director Warren E. (1928-'29 to 1936-'37) saw but five Problems Inherent , 12-2 o13-3)swbtfv " euroblemsInherentForsythe show a marked decline in deaths. A rise in population fig- "Security and political problems student death rate since drivingorst10,9maehedthae are inherent since the UN inher- ban regulations were institutedin ures to 109,090 made the death rate ited shifting power relations caus- 1927-'28. ss05 per million. ed by World War II," he added. In the last six years before the «I think the figures are very sig- The United States expected the ban (1921-'22 to 1926-'27) a total the numbertof deats before an UN to act as a protector of law of 18 students were killed in auto- aternu driving ban," Dr For- and order, and used the failure mobile accidents. after theidiingban,D.Fo-, of this objective as reason to act At this time, the total popula- "Te s outside the organization to gain tion was 68,409, making the death themselves," the health service di- security. rate .26 per ,-illion. i rrfr R7lak di Chou spurred hopes Saturday for a peaceful settlement of the Formosan question by proposing that Washington' and Peiping negotiate directly on the issue. Then he raised doubts as to China's intentions by telling the, conference Sunday arid U.S.-Chi- nese talks would not affect in the slightest degree the exercise by Red China of its "sovereign right in the liberation" of Formosa, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist stronghold, Three Conditions The U.S. State' Department has called on Peiping to let Nation- alist China pa'rticipate in any talks on Formosa and to demon- strate its own good faith in three ways: Agree to an immediate cease-f ire in Formosa Strait, re- lease imprisoned American air- men and about 40AUnited States civilians also held in Red China, and accept a UN invitation to dis- cuss ways of ending hostilities in the Formosan area. Mohammed Ali told newsmen he had discussed all phases of the Formosa problem with Chou. Declaring his belief that both Peiping and Washington want a settlement, he added; "Both Sides Suspicious" "The only trouble is both sides are suspicious. But I don't see much difficulty in removing that suspicion. "The Chinese point of view is that it is America that does some- thing to increase tension, and the Chinese people are irritated about it." He said he believes, and prob- ably told Chou, that "the United States should ease this tension by agreeing to at least informal nego-' tiations without conditions." He added that on Chiang's part, re- lease of the American airmen "would be most helpful." Need for Trust Mohammed Ali did not say whether he specifically asked Chou to release the imprisoned Americans, but he indicated he had raised the questaion, saying: "There is the need to eliminate suspicion on both sides, and I be- lieve China could help by re- leasing the American airmen or perhaps arranging for a Nation- alist Chinese evacuation of the offshore islands." jUnion To Choose Miehigeras Head Petitioning for general co-chair- manship of Michigras, the Uni- versity's bi-annual imitatio of New Orleans' Mardi Gras specta- cle, is open beginning today until May . Petitions are to be submitted in duplicate to the Union student of- fices. For further information contact Todd Lief, Union president, or Bob Blossey, executive secretary, at the Union, NO 2-4431. Britain 'Desires. ECONOMICS SPEECH: Turkish Professor Visits Ann Arbor 41 By BILL HANEY A broad economic background was behind Turkish professor Amer Celal Sarc of Columbia Uni- versity as he spoke to University economics students and instruc- tors yesterday in Angell Hall. Of his third and longest visit to the United States. Prof. Sarc rector remar e a Other Factors Involved Dean of Women Deborah Bacon pointed out, "A lot of other factors are involved. The issue is terribly complicated." There were a large number of bad accidents, especially in the years immediately preceding the car ban, Dean of Men Walter B. Rea said. He indicated, however, that bet- ter cars, better roads and driving conditions and more expert driv- ers could also be contributing fac- tors to a decline in the death rate, CriteriaI "Th Pant that t nidn nndi the U.S., Canada, or Great Brit- ain. In fact the only school avail- able was the University of Berlin." Prof. Sarc went to Berlin where he studied economics and statistics for eight more years. In 1925 he went back to Turkey and became a member of the eco- nomics faculty- at the University --%:; -V--1- ---- -,-WV . -- 1e laCL11c L a acu en ana said, "This is the first time I have of Istanbul. death rates have dropped consid- seen Ann Arbor. You have fine Appointed Dean erably could conceivably be used people surrounded by a good cam- Pirof. Sarc served as a profes- as a criteria for not modifying the pus." sor of economics for 10 years and driving regulations," Dean Rea He added, "I have greatly en- in 1936 he was made dean of that said. joyed my visit to the United department. "A' careful analysis of the sta- States. But in four months I must "After twelve years as dean of tistics, though, might show other go back to Instanbul to resume economics," Prof. Sarc continued , causes for the difference in death my work at the University," "I was chosen to be president of rate beside the driving ban," he the University of Istanbul. When Relate-Career- continued. i ...: _ . _ ::.. .. ..... v. ........ ..7'. -. . .