now :.p SPRING. 1955 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE SEVEN NEEDS SCHOLARSHIPS: Law School Progresses By E. BLYTHE STASON Dean of the Law School The Law School is experiencing an ever increasing pressure from college graduates who .wish to study law at Michigan. This is in part due to the grow- ing repute of the School, but there are also other factors involved. All signs point toward about a fifty per cent increase in the number of college graduates during the next decade, or a little more. Moreover, there is a gradually increasing need of professional le- gal service throughout the coun- try. This is particularly true in Michigan where the population is growing rapidly. So it is clear that we must plan for a gradual increase in Law School enrollment from the pres- ent total of about 750 students to approximately 1000 to 1100, this change to take place over the next ten to twelve years. Probably by 1970 we shall be enrolling 1200 prospective lawyers each year. Carefree Planning Naturally, this trend requiresl careful planning to meet future needs. The size of the faculty must be increased from its present 28 mem- bers to about 40 members. If pos- sible, the living quarters in the Lawyers Club should be increased from the present 360 maximum to ? at least 600. Classrooms are adequate buit additional provision must be made for such supplementary functions as special student reading rooms } and typing rooms. There is no reason, however, why we cannot take care of the in- creased numbers, provided proper plans are made in advance. New York University Law School has an enrollment of 1650; Harvard has 1500. Michigan can accommo- date 1200 if suitable provisions are made. , Scholarship Needs From the standpoint of the students there is-no greater need than that of additional scholar- ship aid and loan funds. Tuition is high-$500 for nonresidents and. $250 for residents.1 The cost of books and supplies is great and always increasing. A minimum of about $1200 per aca-j DEAN STASON demic year is required to meet the costs of legal education today. Because of the exacting scholar- ship standards of the School, stu- dents without substantial outside financial support find it practical- ly impossible to maintain them- selves without adequate provision in the form of scholarships and loans. At the present time the School's funds for these purposes are too limited to take care of the needs of the present enrollment. When the numbers increase, as they will, the funds wil'. be even less ade- quate. Even with the benefit of the generous Frederick L. Leckie Scholarship Fund, Michigan still falls far short of meeting the nec- essities in this regard. Moreover, we fall short of the corresponding assistance provided by such sister institutions as Har- vard, Yale, Columbia, and New York University.- Stress on Fundamentals In regard to the substance of the law curriculum, Michigan plans to continue its strong em- phasis upon the thorough train- ing in the fundamentals of the law, with a careful attention to developing in the students skill in the logical processes which the lawyer must constantly utilize. At the same time the curriculum must be constantly changed to meet the changing needs of the profession. Accordingly we shall,t as we have in the past, be addingc new courses and discarding out- noded subjects as the needs in-r dicate. In addition, we must offer more seminars to meet the increasingi demand for specialized work ine limited fields. We must further take account of the treid toward specializatien. As in medicine, where the spe- cialization has now resulted in the departmentalization of medi- cal education, we are finding thati the law is also developing its spe- cialized areas; for example, taxa- tion, labor law, patent law, ad-l miralty, and corporate practice. As the years go by, further7 fields of specialization will un- doubtedly be developing, and we must take account of them in evolving the Law School curricu- lum. Size of Classes Finally, as the size of the School increases, we must be cn- stantly alert to the necessity of sectioning and resectioning our more popular classes-particular- ly in the classes of the highly im- portant first year. Law classes of upwards of 100 in size are too unwieldly to be ef- fecti(e. s The students cannot, in oversize classes, get the benefit of infor- mality and intimacy that are so important in the classroom. Additional faculty must be pro- vided to permit adequate section- ing, with a maximum of 75 ,to a section being regarded as the lim- it, so that Michigan may continue to profit by the closer contact be- tween faculty and students - a feature so lacking in certain other large schools. Library Gets North Campus Stack Building To cope with problems of ex- panding facilities, the library sys- tem has acquired a new storage building. Located on North Campus, the building is planned to house some 400,000 volumes. About 40,000 have already been moved to the new site. Older periodicals and books for which there is only limited use are intended for storage in the build- ing. A library bindery and a read- ing room are also located there. Books Sent to South Campus The storage building is open to all students, but the general li- brary provides facilities whereby students may have books sent from North Campus to the main campus. The materials at the storage center may be taken out at any time. A four-level structure, the build- ing has everything in the way of modern library appliances, even drawers which hold books in place of the conventional shelves. Intended as an economical sav- ing unit, the storage annex pro- vides safe-keeping for books under air conditioning and controlled humidity which serves to preserve paper and ink best. Storing these books on the main campus would be much more-expensive. Steady Rate of Transfer The big move-over from the gen- eral library stacks has been going at a slow and steady rate. Before books are removed from the regu- lar stacks, each title is checked to insure that its need is limited and that often-read volumes are made more readily accessible to stu- dents. Daily service is available for stu- dents. The storage unit serves not as a warehouse for discarded books, but as an annex at which students may do research on many little- read volumes. In case of need for further space,' the building is so designed that its present storage space may be trip- led in size. Law Library Stacks Near Completion An addition to the William W. ' * * % Cook Legal Research Bldg. is ex- pected to be completed in July, Architects who planned the ori- ginal building have been hired by the University to complete the ad-- dition, so it will be in harmony with the rest of the Law Quad- rangle.< One difference in the appear- ance of the addition will be alum- inum panels inserted between sev- eral parts of the stone-brick ex-a terior. Endowment Aids Building Cost of the addition is estimat- ed at $675,000. State Legislature appropriations furnished $75,000 of the cost. The remainder came. from the income of the William W. Cook endowment. Cook, the University's largest private donor, contributed funds for building the entire quadrangle. In addition, he left an endowment - of $2,500,000 which furnishes a yearly income of $125,000 used forA legal research. Four New Floors The addition will provide four floors for library stacks, offices, Daily-John Hirtzei and legal research units. LIBRARY ADDITION PROVIDES NEEDED SPACE NATURAL RESOURCES: Fontanna Traces School's 52 Years QUALITY MAINTAINED: Sawyer Notes Rise In Higher Education ., BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION: Expect Enrollment To Hit 2,000 in '65 By STANLEY G. FONTANA Dean of The School of Natural Resources The School of Natural Resources celebrated the fiftieth anniver- sary of professional instruction in forestry in the fall of1953. Starting as the' Department of Forestry in 1903, it became in 19- 27 the School of Forestry and Con- servation, and in 1950 the School of Natural Resources. Each change in name has been accompanied by a broadening in the scope of instruction so that to- day in addition to its original cur- riculum of forestry, the School has curriculums in wood technology, wildlife management, fisheries management, and conservation. Past Twenty Years The past twenty years have wit- iessed a remarkable increase in the use of professional personnel in the field of natural resources, arising from the general public in- terest in resources conservation,; from the discovery by private in-; dustry that good forest manage- ment and utilization pays off, from, the consistent demand for wood products, and from the pressure of the public upon our fislh and game resources. It is anticipated that these de- mands will continue during the next decade, and, taken in con- junction with population trends, appear to point toward steadily in- creasing student enrollment. Survey of Needs Along with other units of the Division of Biological Sciences, the School is presently engaged in making a survey of space needs. It has long since outgrown its quarters in the Natural Science Building, so much so that it has seen forced to establish one of its departments in the West Medical Building. The School currently needs 30 to 40 per cent more space than it presently occupies and it is estimated that it will need that much more again within the next decade. Field facilities for present and future needs for instruction and research are much more adequate than those on campus. considerable increase in student enrollment can be absorbed with relatively little staff expaension. Rather, staff needs are concerned with areas of instruction not now covered or which need expansion. Natural resources management is dynamic-its needs are con- stantly changing and the School should be prepared to meet new demands as they arise. Recognized Leadership Since its establishment the School has been one of the recog- nized leaders in its field. Its for- estry curriculum has consistently received high rating from its ac- crediting association, the Society of American Foresters. It has led the way in establish- ing curriculums in such new areas as game and fish management and conservation. It has attracted graduate students (who comprise one-third of the School's student body) from every state in the Un- ion and from many foreign coun- tries. Up to the present time the School has managed to maintain its position of leadership despite the fact that it has not kept pace with other schools in the matter of physical facilities. It is defin- itely.going to need help in this re- gard during the next decade. By RALPH A. SAWYER Dean of the Graduate School A striking characteristic of the culture in the United States and one which has set it apart from that of other countries has been the rapid increase in the last fifty years of the proportion of our pop- ulation that has been receiving ed- ucation beyond the elementary grades, not only in the high schools but also in the colleges, profes- sional s c h o o I s, and graduate schools. At the present time about 60 per cent of all youth of age 18 gradu- ate from high school; about 12 percent of those of age 22 gradu- ate from college; about 15 per cent who receive bachelor's de- grees continue on to earn a mast- er's degree, and about 2 percent continue on to a Ph.D. Higher Attainment It might be thought that this in- crease in numbers would indicate a decrease in the level of attain- ments of the average student. Nu- merous studies, however, show that this is not the case and that the average aptitude and intelligence of high school students, of college students, and of graduate students is at least as high now as it was twenty years ago. Fourthermore, there still is a large part of those not receiving higher education who are as well qualified to pursue these programs as are those enrolled in them. Another fact too has greatly in- fluenced the size of our schools re- cently. The low birth rates in the depression years of the thirties have been followed by much high- er rates in the booming forties, and these new generations are be- ginning to fill our schools. Increase in Enrollment These two factors are produc- ing a great increase in enrollment in high schools, .in colleges and in graduate schoofh. The Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies of the University of Michi- gan has participated fully in this growth. Thus, there were enrolled in the Graduate School in 1920, 447 stu- dents; in 1930, 1465 students; in 1940, 2480 students; and this year, following some decline from the postwar bulge, 4100 students. The number of degrees conferred has likewise rapidly increased from 156 master's degrees and 303 doc- tor's degrees in the year 1953-54. This latter number of degrees places the University of Michigan in fifth place in number of doc- tor's degrees conferred and in DEAN SAWYER DEAN FONTANNA The University properties near Ann Arbor and at the Biological Station, Camp Filibert Roth and Sugar Island provide excellent field laboratories for most School purposes. For fisheries management, how- ever, the School has a definite need for certain types of lake and stream property not now available. Dynamic Program Staff needs of the School are not as pressing as space, and a fourth place in the number of mas- ter's degrees conferred. Future Increases It is fairly easy to forcast the number of doctor's and master's degrees likely to be conferred in the next few years in the United. States since the students who will receive these degrees in the next five years are already in college and those who will receive such degrees in the next ten years are already in the high schools, and the proportions of them who will go on from high school to college and from college to graduate school can be accurately predict.- ed. We can reasonably expect that within the next five years the number of graduate students in the country will increase by fifty per cent and that by 1970 it will dou- ble. Whether the University of Mich- igan can absorb its full propor- tion of this increase will depend; of course, largely on the availabil- ity of adequate staff and physical facilities. Students will certainly be at our gate asking for admis- sion. It seems unlikely that the State will feel that it can provide additional graduate schools with faculty and equipment to take up this load, since graduate schools are much more difficult to inaug- urate and more expensive to main- tain than undergraduate colleges. All teaching departments have been asked to plan on their needs in teaching staff and current ex- penses to handle increasing num- bers of graduate students. Research laboratories are rising on the North Campus and a large library addition is planned. h. 1 By RUSSELL A STEVENSON - Dean of the School of Business, Administratimtn The ' building, constructed in 1949, was planned for a student enrollment of 1200. That number will be reached $n the fall of 1955. It is anticipated that the number will reach 1500 in five years and will total 2000 in the next ten years. This will make it necessary to add classrooms and office space for the faculty before that time. Near Capacity It would be possible to accon- modate 1500 as far as classroom space is concerned in the present building without overcrowding. An increase to that size, however,. would necessitate an increase in the instructional staff and that would require more office spice. So that should be the first addi- tion to the physical plant. In order to provide for an in- crease to an enrollment of 2000 : students an addition to the pres- ent building would be necessary. I would estimate that an addition E about one half the size of the south wing of the present build- ing would provide the necessary classroom, laboratory, and office space. This would not be a major construction problem. Teacher-Student Rates The more important problem in meeting the increase in enroll- ment is the necessity of adding to the teaching staff. It is essential to maintain a faculty-studerdt ra- tion of 1 to 13. A doubling of the student popu- lation, therefore, would require a doubling of the teaching staff. This will necessitate a program of graduate training here and in oth- er leading schools of business ad- ministration. There is already a dearth of well trained personnel available for major appointments. Graduate Program This situation can be alleviated by the development of a strong graduate fellowship program. The Development Council of the Uni- versity is engaged in a solicitbation of funds to provide a number of fellowships aimed primarily for graduate students preparing for teaching careers on the faculties of collegiate schools of business. Michigan has been the twaining ground for teaching personnel in the business field. It is antieinated IP HAIL To THE VICT ................ - - I- ........... DEAN STEVENSON sociations. These are usually fi- nanced by direct grants to the Bu- reau of Business Research. They cover problems in finance, market- ing, personnel _:elations, account- ing, and management. Some research grants from foundations provide funds to aid individual faculty members in un- dertaking basic research on prob- lems in economics and administra- tion. It is essential that funds for undesignated projects be in- creased materially. BusAd School Begins Plans Construction on the addition to the School of Business Admin- istration, still in the embryonic planning stage, is tentatively plan- ned for 1959-60. Planning cost is estimated at $120,000 and building cost at $2.88 million. Construction will depend upon funds appropriated from the State Legislature. The addition will be built on to the present school, occupying the rest of the block bounded by Tap- pan, Monroe, Haven and Hill. if We are proud of the part we have played in- the construction of the new athletic administration building. -! ,,..xM ;:.;. f :r ry. Y1. '. 1 4"., Our firm is proud to have a part in the University of Michigan's continuing expansion program. 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