POLIO DRIVE
See Page 4

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Latest Deadline in the State

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COLDER, SNOW FLURRIES

VOL. LXV, No. 75 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JANUARY 6, 1955

SIX PAGES

Ladejinsky Gets
Post with FOA
Stassen Makes Key Appointment
Of Attache Dismissed by Benson
WASHINGTON (P)-Wolf Ladejinsky, fired by the Agricultur
Department as a security risk, got a key job Wednesday with the For-
iegn Operations Administration.
He will work on land reform in Viet Nam, helping to fight of
Communist pressure there.
The appointment was announced by FOA chief Harold E. Stassen
It came after the White House intervened to end a controversy which
broke out when Ladejinsky was removed on security grounds Dec. 16
from his post as agricultural attache in the U.S. Embassy at Tokyo.
Fired By Benson
Ladejinsky, Russian-born but now a naturalized American, had


SL Favors

Benson Says
~Surpluses
Can Be Cut
WASHINGTON () - Secretar
' of Agriculture Ezra T. Benson tol
Congress yesterday that subsidie
' to producers would wipe out futur
dairy surpluses.
But he estimated that such
program of stabilizing the dairy
industry would cost the govern
ment considerably more than th
present one.
Secretary Benson made thes
points in a report which the las
Congress asked him to submit out
lining various methods the govern
ment might use to stabilize dairy
ing and bring better returns t
producers. Some legislators ha
expressed dissatisfaction with the
present program.
No Recommendations
Benson made no recommenda
tions. He said there were three
general methods of price suppor
available-controls to prevent pro-
duction of price-depressing sur-
pluses, government subsidies to as-
sure dairymen desired returns, and
the present program of govern
ment purchase and withdrawal of
surpluses from the market to bol
titer prices.
Benson said all these methods
had their good and bad points
Some, he said, would be extremely
difficult to administer, particular-
ly production controls and sub-
sidies.
Under the subsidy plan, con-
sumer prices of milk, butter and
other dairy items would be lower
in times of surpluses than under
the present program. However,
taxes to finance the dairy subsi-
dies would be higher, Benson said,
than taxes now needed to pay for
the present program. Subsidies
would be paid dairymen when
prices dropped below predeter-
mined support levels.
He estimated subsidies would
cost the government 350 million
a year on the basis of the present
level of milk production and with
suPports at the present level of
75 per cent of parity. He figured
the cost would be $1,225,000 with
supports at 90 per cent of parity,
a support level being demanded
by some dairy leaders.
Parity is a standard for measur-
ing farm prices, declared by law
to be fair to farmers in relation to
prices they pay.
At present, there is no legal
authority for use of production
controls or subsidies.
Russian Talk
To0 Be Given
Former Russian army officer
Nicholas T. Goncharoff and Prof.
Frank R. Barnett of Wabash Col-
lege will discuss "Living Religions
l of the Peoples of Russia" at 8 p.m.
today in Kellogg Auditorium of
the. Dental School.
Sponsored by the Student Reli-
gious Association, the talk will
consider the current Russian sit-
uation as described by refugees
from Communism in West Ger-
many. Both men are representa-
tives of the American Friends of
Russian Freedom organization
which aids Russian escapees,
Goncharoff, after liberation

from a German slave labor camp
in 1945, received a degree as doc-
tor of philosophy from the Uni-

-security clearance from the Stat
Department, but when his pos
was shifted to the Agriculture De
partment by act of Congress las
year Secretary of Agriculture Ben
son ruled that he could not be re
tained. Benson acted on the ad
vice of his security officer, Joh
Glenn Cassity.
Immediately after Stassen's an
nouncement, James C. Haggerty
y Presidentialapress secretary, is
,d sued this statement:
"The White House asked th
s heads of departments and agen
e cies involved to use their bes
judgment in working out this sit
a uation and, we believe that judg
y ment has been exercised."
i_ Rejection of Decision
e The new responsibilities given
e Ladejlnsky were in effect a re
jection of the security assessmen
e made by the Agriculture Depart
t ment. But Benson stuck by hi
guns at a news conference late i
- the day.
He was asked by a reporter
o whether he didn't consider Lade
d jinsky's re - employment, w i t 
e White House approval, "a rebuk
to you." "You'll have to draw your
own conclusions," Benson replied
Stassen announced that FO
reviewed Ladejinsky's file and
t found him "eligible for certifica
tion for security and loyalty." Ar
- FOA spokesman said the review
included "a full field backgroun
investigation by the FBI." Stas-
sen has said previously that FOA'
f security requirements are high.
- One factor in the Agriculture
DePartment's a d v e r s e security
Ifinding against Ladejinsky sprang
s from his anti-Communist writings
* in 1944 and 1945.
SellinWave
Brings Market
Prices Down
NEW YORK (P)-The bull mar-
ket in stocks tumbled Wednesday
under a massive wave of selling
that knocked some prices down
around five dollars.
Selling came in waves with the
greatest in the final hour when
the high speed ticker was as much
as 15 minutes behind in report-
ing what was happening on the
floor of the Stock Exchange.
The deluge followed a hike in
margin requirements by the Fed-
I eral Reserve Board to 60 per cent
from 50 per cent.
First Hike Since '51
It was the first brake applied
to the booming bull market since
Jan. 17, 1951, when margh was
boosted to 75 per cent. Fifty per
cent margins had prevailed since
Feb. 20, 1953.
There is almost unanimous
opinion in Wall Street that the
market has been long overdue for
a good-sized correction, having
gone up steadily for nearly 16
months.
"It would be in the best in-
terests of investors if the market
would sell off about 10 per cent
right now," commented a leading
market analyst.
Psychological Effect
Its effect was looked upon as
psychological because there is rel-
atively little speculation on mar-
gin at this time, although it has
been growing in recent weeks.
Traders felt that many took the
margin hike as an excuse to un-
load their holdings. There has
been a general concern over the
possibility of a major reaction in
the market because it has been
advancing strongly since the elec-
tions with hardly a pause in the
rise.
Brokers reported no alarm in
boardrooms over the fall.

I __._ - i

March Date
For Election
Steering Committee
To Recieve Proposal
By DAVE BAAD
Student Legislature yesterda
indicated by a large majority
preference for March 29 and 3
i as dates for Student Government
Council elections.
SL cabinet members will convey
therecommendation to today'
meeting of the steering commit
tee originated last Tuesday to
guide the transition from SL to
f SGC.
e The Legislature, while also con-
t sidering March 15 and 22, though
- March 29 was the best date be-
t cause it would give more time for
- educating voters and a likelihood
- of warmer weather which might
- increase the voter turnout.
I Steering Committee Discussion
Possibility that elections might
- interfere with the Free University
, of Berlin bucket drive being held
- March 29 and 30, will be discussed
with the steering committee.
In addition to SL cabinet mem-
*bers, the steering committee in-
t eludestVice-President for Student
Affairs James A. Lewis, Dean of
' Men Walter B. Rea, Dean of Wo-
men Deborah Bacon, the three fac-
ulty members to be named to the
xReview Board, Mrs. Ruth Calla-
. han, the new SGC administrative
t secretary, and the seven ex-officio
members of SGC.
s The group, convening in open
i session, will meet at noon today
in the Union.
Prospectus Speech
Ned Simon, '55, delivering his
prospectus speech to the first reg-
ular meeting of the new Legisla-
r ture, stressed the importance of'
SL public relations during the
next few months.
"SL's performance will be im-
portant to the student body's ac-
ceptance of SGC after this
spring's elections," he said.
He also emphasized the import-
ance of the finance committee due
to problems of SL funds distribu-
tion when the Legislature goes out
of existence.
Candidates' Expense Fund
The sum of $134.20 was spent to
help defray candidates' expenses
in recent SL election.
Fifteen candidates asked for
financial assistance under the plan
to pay half of all candidates ex-
penses up to $10.
Jim Dygert, '56, was re-named
director of the SL Student Book
Exchange to be held next semester
in Alumni Memorial Hall.
Harvey Freed, '56, was again
appointed assistant to Dygert.
Committee Appointments
SL also yesterday approved ap-
pointments to committees for the
new Legislature session.
Joel Tuber, '57, is the new cam-
pus Action Committee chairman,
Hank Berliner, '56, is chairman of
Culture and Education committee,
Joan Bryan, '56, Public Relations,
Paul Dormont, '55, International
Relations, Bill Adams, '57, Fi-
nance, Bob Leacock, '57, Vacancy
Interviewing Committee.
Simon and SL Vice-President
Ruth Rossner are representatives
to the Student Affairs Commit-
tee.
Pope Improves
VATICAN CITY-Pope Pius XII
yesterday walked without support
in the Vatican gardens for the

first time since his collapse of;
last Dec. 2.3

Cheerio'
TACOMA, Wash. (1P-A calm
bandit held up the Parkland
branch of the National Bank of
Washington yesterday.
He handed a large brown pa-
per bag to one employee, order-
ed him to fill it with money,
and then wished everybody a
"happy new year" as he walked
out with approximately $60,000.
yYWorld News
t Roundup
Y ~By The &""Iated Prs
Russo-Yugoslav Pact .e.y
MOSCOW-Russia and Yugo-
Sslavia, bitter foes in the final years
of the Stalin era, signed a 20
million dollar trade agreement
tyesterday.
The pact, to run for a year, is
a barter agreement under which
Yugoslavia will export chiefly
tmeat, canned meats, tobacco and
soda and Russia will send her cot-
'* * *
BONN, Germany-Bonn mii-
tary planners calculated yesterday
that a fighting-fit West German
army is still at least four years
Haminarskjold To !Ieet
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y-UN
Secretary General Dag Hammar-
skjold will begin face-to-face talks
t today, Peiping time with Red
China's Chou Enlai about the re-
lease of 11 American airmen jail-
ed as spies.
-E , , ,.
slendes-France Offers
PARIS--Premier Pierre Mendes-
France plans to offer Italy a role
in the development of North Af-
rica in return for support for his
arms pool plan in the projected
Western European Union (WEU),
in orme sources said yesterday.
..
dir Force Plans --f
WASHINGTON--The Air Force
announced plans yesterday to give
349,000 reservists and Air Guards-
men specific assignments in ad-
vance, so they could start de-
fending America within two or'
three hours in the event of an
enemy attack. , ,
Hose Report.r. h
WASHINGTON-House investi-
gators yesterday said a "wide
range of questionable practices" in
handling employe welfare and pen-
sion fund warranted a continua-
tion of the probe by the new Con-
gress.
The interim report by a House
Labor subcommittee also urged
that fund trustees be required to
make a tighter accounting to the
Internal Revenue Service.
3 R
Hol Americans . ..
PANAMA )-Panama authori-t
ties are holding two Americans for
questioning in the country-wide
search for the assassins of Presi-
dent Jose Antonio Remon.'i
Seventy persons have been jailed
in the capital and an undisclosed
number elsewhere. v
* * *
Rorgaunization . . . -
WASHINGTON P - Former
President Herbert Hoover yester-t
day asked Congress to extend

president Dwight D. Eisenhow-C
er's reorganization powers and C
perhaps to put up a little more c
money for the Hoover Commis- 1
sion's studies on streamlining the P
government.t

C

Ise Outlines
New Plan
For Defense
WASHINGTON () - President
Dwight D. Eisenhower declared
yesterday the United States "can
never be defeated" if it sustains its
superior industrial capacity.
He outlined a national defense
program designed, first of all, to
protect that capacity from enemy
attack without imposing "intoler-
able burdens" on the economy.
A salient point in the program
is "to make maximum use of sci-
ence and technology in order to
minimize numbers in men."
Recommends Cutback
By stating his views, in a letter
to Secretary of Defense Charles E.
Wilson, the President opened what
may turn out to be a great nation-
al defense debate in the 84th Con-
gress.
The President wrote Wilson that
the administration wants armed
forces strong enough to defend the
country but not so big that they
will "defeat our purposes by dam-
aging the growth of our economy
and eventually forcing it into regi-
mented controls."
That is why, the President said,
he is recommending to Congress
that the total strength of the
armed forces be cut back to about
three million men by June 30, the
end of the current fiscal year.
This would be, a reduction of
about 168,000 men. Most of them
would come out of the Army. Air
Force strength would rise about
14,000 men to a total of about
975,000.
President Suggests 2,850,000
For 1956, Eisenhower suggested
a strength of about 2,850,000 -
"With any further material reduc-
tions dependent upon an improved
world situation."
He said that because of the de-
structiveness of modern weapons
and the increasing efficiency of
long range bombing aircraft. "our
first objective must therefore be
to maintain the capability to de-
ter an enemy from attack and to
blunt the attack if it comes-
Demand Priority
"These two tasks," the President
went on, "logically demand priori-
ty in all planning. Thus we will as-
sure that our industrial capacity
can continue throughout a war to
produce the gigantic amounts of
equipment and supplies required.
"We can never be defeated so,
long as our relative superiority in
productive capacity is sustained."
Rumblings o f dissatisfaction
with the Administration's decisiont
to reduce the numerical strengthI
of the armed forces had been
heard even before the legislators
convened. There also have beent
complaints that Administrationt
spokesmen have given conflicting
explanations of the reasons for thet
cuts.
Sen. Richard B. Russell (D-Ga),
who will become chairman of the
Senate Armed Services Committee
in the new, Democratic-controlledt
Congress, said last Saturday thati
Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway, Armyt
chief of staff, will be called beforer
the -group as part of a "very care-
ful inquiry" into the administra-
tion's defense plans.

Democrats
As New C

Predict
Ongress

Unity
Ope'ns'
Rayburn Hits
Repubhlicans'
Accusations
Ike Will Address
Today's Session
WASHINGTON (M -- The 84th
Congress opened Wednesday under
Democratic control, with its new
leaders saying they will try to do
business rather than battle with
President Eisenhower and the Re-
publicans.
As Rep. Sam Rayburn (D-Tex-
as) put it, in a two-edged speech
upon taking over again as speaker
of the House :

-Daily--John Hirtzel
UMBRELLAS IN JANUARY-Carole Stutzman, '58, and Barbara
Dunn, '58, were among the few students who were not caught un-
prepared by yesterday's unseasonal wetness, but nevertheless they
expressed no surprise at Ann Arbor weather.
Unusual January Rain?
Campus Not Surprised
By JIM DYGERT
Everyone is aware that Ann Arbor's weather is 'different,' so no
one is surprised when it rains in January.
But the weatherman at Willow Run, as he wipes the moisture'
from his crystal ball, says that this much rain in January is unseasonal.
Almost an inch of rain fell between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. yesterday.
Nothing Unusual
Meanwhile, students walked to and from classes, never thinking
that rain in January should be at all unusual. In Ann Arbor, it can
rain anytime, and usually does.
The town may even see snow in January. The weatherman prom-
" ises that rain this morning should
turn first to a mixture of rain and
In1 uiries Rise snow and then to snow flurries,.
even though he expects a high of
On Enlistment 38 degrees
Snow Expected

In Ann Arbor
By DICK SNYDER
Armed forces' recruiting centers
in the Ann Arbor area report a
mixed reaction to the recent order
of President Dwight D. Eisenhow-
er's halting veteran benefits on
Jan. 31.
Of the three enlistment stations
located ih the city, two have stated
that inquiries concerning enlist-
ment have taken a considerable
increase for the past four days.
Officials at the Air Force sta-
tion said that questions directed
toward them have gone up approx-
imately 50 per cent since the exec-
utive order was issued, with most
of the questions coming from un-
derclassmen at the University.
No Definite Information
Officials at the stations con-
tacted did not as yet have any def-
initel nformation from Washing-
ton on the President's recent di-
rective. However, an Air Force
spokesman said that as of yester-
day about three University stu-
dents plan to enlist at the end of
the current semester.
Army Recruiting Service report-
ed a tremendous increase in in-
quiries since Monday of this week,
around 9'0 per-cent of them being
from students at the University. A
substantial number of those who
contacted the Army personnel
stated that they would enlist at
the completion of the semester'
No Increase in Marines
At the same time, the Marine
Corps Recruiting Sub-Station an-
nounced that they had received no
unusual upsurge in questions as a
result of the executive order. An
official for the Corps was quick to
point out, however, that the Wash-
tenaw County area has a quota of
only three enlistments per month.
While the closest enlistment
center of the Navy is located in

Snow is the expected thing this
time of the year, because the av-
erage January temperature, the
weatherman reflects, is 25.3 de-
grees. For the first 16 days of the
month it is 26.
During the past week, tempera-
tures have been from 10 to 13 de-
grees above normal. But the
weatherman indicates a confidence
in statistics by predicting only
slightly above normal tempera-
tures for the rest of the week.
Roads Slippery
Other parts of the state, how-
ever, are having their weather
troubles. Freezing rain and snow
caused slippery roads in sections of
the lower peninsula's northwest
section yesterday.
The upper peninsula, one of the
nation's whitest areas during the
winter, reported snow - covered
highways in' its western half yes-
terday.
Final Charter
Hearings Set
Ann Arbor citizens have a last
chance today to express their feel-
ings on the proposed new city
charter.
Final public hearings on the
charter are being held at 7:30 p.m.
today in the City Hall Council
Chambers. A hearing scheduled for
next week has been cancelled in
order to give members of the char-
ter commission more time in
which to prepare a final draft.
Commission Chairman Lawrence
Ouimet said yesterday that a clos-
ed session of the commission de-
cided unanimously to retain the
controversial provision calling for
the appointment of county super-
visors. They are now elected.
In other action the commission
voted to have the charter. if an-

"Just because another party
holds the executive branch of gov-
ernment, that does not mean we.
are going to look on legislation
from a partisan standpoint."
Recalls GOP Charges
Then, with this bow to harmony,
Rep. Rayburn indignantly recalled
charges by some GOP orators in
the 1954 campaign. He said that
Democrats "are not an accusing
kind of people" who charge others
with subversion and being "soft
on communism."-
While Democrats cheered, Ray-
burn declared:
"We're not going to indict people
en masse. No Democrat is going
to talk like that without being
frowned upon,, or repudiated, by
me."
State of Union
'Sen.Lyndon Johnson of Texas,
the Democrat who succeeds Re-
publican William Knowland of
California as the majority leader,
told the Senate there would be no
bills introduced there until after
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
delivers the State of the Union
message today to a joint session
of the Senate and House.
Among major problems Presi-
dent Eisenhower is expected to dis-
cuss Thursday in his State of the
Union message are exciz3 and cor-
porations taxes, due to go down
in April. President Eisenhower has
said he wants these taxes contin-
ued.
1956 Election at Stake
Practical politicians to the last
man, the senators and representa-
tives were fully aware of the politi-
cal prizes at stake in the 1956
presidential year, and the effect
their actions will have.
' The very first bill officially in-
troduced in the 84th Congress
yesterday could cause a real ruck-
us.
Offered by Rep. Cooper (D-
Tenn.), it would extend the Recip-
rocal Trade Act another three
years and give the President au-
thority to cut tariffs by 5 per cent
a year. Pres. Eisenhower asked
just that of the 83rd Congress; but
didn't get it after some leading
GOP members balked.
School Construction Bill
A six-year, six billion dollar
program of federal aid to the
states for school construction was
also proposed in a bill introduced
in the House.
Says No One-Man Hearings
Sen. John L. McClellan (D-Ark),
due to succeed Sen. Joseph R. Mc-
Carthy (R-Wis) as the Senate's
No. 1 investigator, said he would
abolish one-man hearings. The 47-
man staff of the House Un-Ameri-
can Activities Commi'.tee is in for
a shakeup, Rep. Francis Walter
(R-Pa.) announced.
Sen. Walter F. George (D-Ga.)
was elected president pro tern of
the Senate by a voice vote. In this
post, Sen. George will preside in
the absence of Vice - President
Richard Nixon.
AAUP Discusses
Social Security
University chapter of the Amer-
ican Association of University Pro-
fessors yesterday voted unanimous
approval of participating in the
revised Federal Social Security
program.
Fedele F. Fauri, dean of the

FIGHT AGAINST POLIO:

Vaccine May Be Medical Milestone

(In April Dr. Thomas Francis,
chairman of the Department of Epi-
demiology, is expected to release re-
suits of an evaluation of the Salk
Polio Vaccine. This is the first in a
series of articles about Polio-its his-
tory, its effects and the fight against
it.)
By LEE MARKS
1955 may go down in medical
history as the "beginning of the
end" in the long fight against the
crippling effects of paralytic polio.
If so, it will rank with 1796, the
year Edward Jenner introduced
vaccina2tion a arinst smalnpY .Med-

sease until 1840 when the son of
German villager was stricken with
an infliction that left his legs limp
and useless.
The -famous German bone spe-
cialist, Dr. Jacob Heine, recog-
nized that the disease had noth-
ing to do with bones but was the
result of damaged or destroyed
nerve cells.
Shortly after, during an epidem-
ic of an unknown disease in Swe-
den, Dr. O. Medin of the Univer-
sity of Stockholm first reported
polio's charaeterisie Arlr cvmn-

sified. Millions of dollars have
been thrown into research in an
attempt to find methods and pro-
vide facilities for rehabilitation
and to find a preventative vaccine.
In the past few years the polio
rate has gone up sharply. During
the five-year period from 1939 to
1943 there were 42,850 cases of
polio in the United States while
1952 alone had 57,628.
"Misnomer"
The common term for polio, in-
fantile paralysis, has become a
imit: n or n nnr lt- - - n 'Gmo ,

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