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VVJDLX'4ZLFI1, NOPIVEMBER13, 1959

Big Ten Referee Describes Official Duties

-Daily-Chuck Kelsey
REFEREE RENNIX BLOWS WHISTLE FOR KICKOFF
RESEARCH SHOWS:
Governors Ma Not Help
Lower Car Fatality Rate

By JOEL BERGER
Are governors in car engines
which limit top speeds to 55 miles
an hour the answer to increasing
fatality rates on American high-
ways?
Prof. Jay A. Bolt of the engi-
neering college yesterday said re-
search shows this probably would-
n't help. A person accustomed to
driving a non-governor car along
the highway runs into difficulty
when he starts to pass a car in
traffic and his *own car suddenly
won't pick up speed, due to restric-
tion by the governor.
At one time, the University's
fleet of passenger cars was entirely
equipped with governors, Prof. Bolt
continued.-He said it was signifi-
cant that the devices were later
removed.
Knock-Out Windshields
After glancing at a report given
recently by Dr. Fletcher Woodward
of the University of Virginia me-
dical school, the automotive engi-
neer said automobile manufactur-
ers have considered installation of
ejectable windshields, cited by Dr.
Woodward as a possible safety im-
provement.
Would Knock Loose
Such windshields, which would
knock loose in one piece when
struck by a person's head during a
collision, could also be knocked
loose by other objects, Prof. Bolt
said. Not too long ago, one car
manufacturer had such a wind-
shield on his products.
Padded dashboards, which sev-
eral automobiles now offer at a
premium rate, are excellent from
a safety standpoint, he continued.
They become an added safety fac-
tor for persons riding in the "death
seat," the right seat in the front of
the car.
While feasible from a safety
standpoint, backward-facing pas-1

senger seats would not be commer-
cially popular, he said. Automobile
manufacturers can produce only
features which the public will buy
in their cars.
"It just goes to show that there's
nothing new under the sun" was
Prof. Bolt's comment when in-
formed that Dr. Woodward sug-
gested installation of shock ab-
sorbers for front bumpers. Install-
ed to protect cars during minor
collisions, this paraphernalia was
used in several cars 30 years ago.
Seat safety belts provide much
protection to passengers in a car
involved in a collision, he contin-
ued. Several automobile accessory
companies presently manufacture
these.
Steering wheels which would
move forward under a force of
about 100 pounds are considered
impractical by Prof. Bolt, although
this was one of the recommenda-
tions made by the Virginia doctor.
Prof. Bolt said that such a unit
presents complex engineering prob-
lems, due to the necessity of it
being sturdy enough to stand up
under ordinary driving and yet
"give" when a driver is thrown
against it.
New Trend Excellent
Present tendency to make cars
lower is excellent, he said. This
gives the car a lower center of gra-
vity, enabling it to corner flatter
and present more resistance to
"rolling" in the event of an acci-
dent.
When asked about the trend to
higher and higher horsepower
ratings in passenger cars, Prof.
Bolt said this is probably desired
by the motoring public. "Howev-
er," he asserted, "higher horse-
power engines cost the public more
money, due to a larger initial cost
of the car and higher fuel consump-
tion."

By RONA FRIEDMAN
As the red handkerchief sails
through the air, football fans cheer
or groan.
On the field, however, the refer-
ees are oblivious of specific teams,
contrary to the beliefs held by
many disgruntled onlookers.
Fouls are called by team colors
or offense and defense, according
to George Rennix, a referee at the
Michigan-Michigan State game last
Saturday.
"Constant rule changes don't give
us much time to notice individual
players during the game," Rennix
continued. "All we might remem-
ber are numbers."
Dispute Decision
Occasionally players will get a
little "hot" or there will be a "lit-
tle conversation" over the refer-
ees' decision," Rennix said, "but
the players usually exert control,
because they realize it would only
hurt their team."
Relaxing during half time, Ren-
nix pointed out that referees "very
definitely have to keep in train-
ing."
Officiating at pre-season high
school football games helps the
referees shape up for the rigors of
the Big Ten season, he commented.
Golf and other sports during sum-
mers also keeps them in trim.
Referees make themselves scarce
before game time-arriving in town
just a few hours before the kick-
off and leaving immediately after
the game.
Work in Teams
Big Ten referees cover games in
teams of five, to which they are as-
signed at the start of the season,
Rennix explained. There are six
regular crews covering Big Ten
games. Irregular crews cover in-
ter-sectional games.
Ninety per cent of the referees
are from Big Ten schools and all
have attended college, he contin-
ued.
'Covering a game every week dur-
ing football season, Rennix's crew
has worked together for two years
and represents the Universities of
Minnesota, Northwestern, Ohio,
Colgate and Michigan.
Coach Fora Year
A graduate of Minnesota, Ren-
nix played football during his col-
lege days. "I tried being a foot-
ball coach for a year, but didn't
like it," the hefty official recalled.
"To keep close to the game, I de-
cided to become a referee," Ren-
nix said. "It's a hobby more or
less."
An insurance salesman, in "all
lines," during the week in North
Brook, Ill., Rennix has been refer-
eeing Big Ten games for nine
years. He began his officiating ca-
reer with high school football, but
was soon contacted by Big Ten
scouts.
Technic Issues
To Go on Sale
Michigan Technic will be sold
tomorrow and Friday under the
Engineering Arch and in East Hall.
Subscriptions will be available
at $1.25 for the remainder of the
semester. There will be seven more
issues including this one.
Priced at 25 cents, the issue will
contain articles about the recent
Michigan Regional Foundry Con-
ference, and powder metallurgy.
Holland To Speak
On IHC Service
As part of the weekly "IHC
News" series, Russell Holland, '58,
will discuss duties and functions
of the IHC House Service commit-
tee at 7;15 p.m. today on WCBN.
Holland, chairman of the com-
mittee, will center discussion on
the committee's administration-
resident liaison duties and an as-

sistance offered to independent
houses in obtaining better student
governments.

Soft Job
GRAND RAPIDS-Sidewalk
"superintendents" are now able
to watch construction of a new
office building in downtown
Grand Rapids with the added
convenience of an uphoIstered
railing.
According to the United Press,
the upholstering was added by
an office supply store next to
the new building.
Women Buy
Oil Products
By GAIL GOLDSTEIN
Women's buying influence has
been re-evaluated in the oil prod-
ucts market.
According to National Petroleum
News, the women's market is a
definite part of the whole oil prod-
ucts retail market. It is probably
growing faster than estimates or
statistics indicate.
Surveying a cross section of ma-
jor and independent oil marketeers,
the magazine reveals the spread
of suburban living, placing more
buying responsibility in woman's
hands, has also produced more
two-car families. The second car
is often used exclusively by the
wife.
Equally important, the steady
rise in women workers has result-
ed in a corresponding increase in
women car owners.
Service Devices
Although numerous services and
merchandising devices are estab-
lished to attract women, the sur-
vey shows that most of these pro-
grams do not represent a major
effort.
However a majority of firms who
have deliberately directed their ad-
vertising to women report extreme-
ly favorable results.
A main reason for the lack of
concerted effort to attract women's
trade is the wide variation in per-
centage estimated for women oil
and gas customers. Women seldom
account for more than 20 per cent
of total gasoline sales in terms of
gallons.
Most oil marketers realize that
women will not stop at a dirty sta-
tion or where attendants dress
sloppily. But both women and men
rate clean rest rooms as a prime
consideration in their choice of a
service station.
"Little Things"
Marketers have accented the im-
portance of doing "little things"
because most women are not me-
chanically inclined. Checking tires,
oil, water and cleaning windshields
are just a few of the ways a sta-
tion tries to appeal to women cus-
tomers.
Inquiries resulting from these
talks are directed to the com-
pany's service stations, which are
equipped with maps and can ar-
range credit cards.

--Daily-Chuck Kelsey
CATCHES BREATH DURING HALF TIME
UNANIMOUS OPINION:
Serious Problem Posed
By Teacher Shortage

Science Split over Smoking
As Cause of Lung Cancer

By TAMMY MORRISON
Science and medicine are di-
vided over the significance of
smoking as a cause of cancer.
Some major authorities state
cigarettes are an important factor
in causing cancer, especially lung
cancer. Others contend the case
against smoking has not yet been
proven.
Hundreds of thousands of dol-
lars are being poured into cancer
research because stakes are high.
The most important stake is hu-
man health. Even with no abso-
lutely conclusive proof, thousands
of men and women are giving up
smoking, or trying to, or are at
least thinking they should.
Manufacturers' Stake
The biggest economic stake is
held by the tobacco industry, from
growers to vending machine op-
erators, which owes its livelihood
to the habit of smoking. Taxes on
tobacco also contribute a great
deal to government income.
Science and medicine face the
ethical choice of researcher dis-
closing finding's immediately or
waiting until there is conclusive
proof.
Recent Attention
The cigarette-cancer controoer-
sy has been kicking around for a
long time, although it didn't re-
ceive wide public attention until
lately.
Fifteen years ago, Dr. Alton
Ochsner, New Orleans surgeon, re-
;orted observations which led him
to believe that cigarette smoking
was a cause of lung cancer. He has
recently published a book, "Smok-
ing and Cancer, A Doctor's Re-
port," which reviews the evidence+
to date.
Dr. A. H. Roffo of Buenos Aires
reported in 1939 that tobacco tars
could produce cancer on the skin
of rabbits. In 1950, a cancer con-
gress in Paris reported the findings
of three separate studies, mainly
statistical, which linked cigarettes
with at least part of an increase
in lung cancer among Americans.
British Study
A later British study by Dr.
Richard Doll and Prof. A. Brad-
ford Hill'pointed to a connection
between cigarettes and cancer.
Since then studies of the prob-
lem have become legion, and pub-
lic attention has focused on the
matter. Latest developments in-
dicate the presence of a known
cancer-producing compound in
cigarette paper.
D. V. Lefemine, research chemist
of the Cancer Institute at Miami,
reported that Benzpyrene, which
is known to have produced cancer
in mice, has been found in smoke
from cigarette paper.
Tars Collected
Smoke and tars from burning
enough paper to manufacture

By BEN WISE
Shortages of teachers is the most
urgent problem confronting the
American education today.
This was the opinion unanimous-
ly expressed in recent interviews
with members of the faculty of the
School of Education and other
prominent Michigan educators.
"Of course, there are many dif-
ficult problems facing American
education today," said Dean of
the School of Education Willard C.
Olson, "but the one most basic
to all others is the lack of adequate
buildings, money and trained
teachers."
Study Committee
Faced with this need for more
teachers, a study committee in In-
diana recently recommended that
certification requirements
for teachers in that state be low-
ered considerably. It was suggest-
ed that only two years' college
work and no degree be set as the
minimum prerequisites for a
teaching certificate. Commenting
upon these emergency measures,
Dean Olson said, "You can't pro-
duce a professional teacher in two
years. Such a teacher would lack
sufficient background and wouldn't
last long. Most of these teachers
are dissatisfied that they are not
continuing their own education."
The requirements for teacher
certification in the State of Michi-
gan are well below the average
for the nation. According to Pro-
fessor William C. Trow of the edu-
cation school, there is only one
state in the nation in which a per-
son may teach with lower qualifi-
cations than in Michigan.
Level High
"The general level of teaching is
high," said Professor Trow, "but
the fact remains that only one year
of normal school after high school
is necessary by law to obtain a
teacher's certificate in Michigan."
Improvement of these'standards,
Dead and Use
Daily Classifieds

Prof. Trow believes, should come
from within the colleges them-
selves.
As for problems in teaching
methods, Prof. Trow stressed the
need for individual considerations
in teaching school children, taking
into account social, economic and
intellectual problems of the indi-
vidual child.
Maurice G. Carmany, Director
of Public Relations of the Michi-
gan Education Association, said in
a recent talk to a number of Uni-
versity education students that
much of the blame for the low
teaching standards and other edu-
cation problems can be directly at-
tributed to apathy on the part of
the teachers themselves.
Many-of the financial and educa-
tional problems faced by teachers
today could be overcome, he said,
if teachers were more interested
in their own organizations and took
an active part in the fight for bet-
ter education.

80,000 cigarettes were collected in
the tests made. This quantity "was
estimated to be equivalent to 11
years' supply for the pack-a-day
smoker.
Lefemine added.that this was
the first scientific report that re-
cognized an actual cancer-pro-
ducing compound in any form of
smoking material. He pointed out
that in other tests, tar from burn-
ing whole cigarettes has been
shown to produc'e a cancer when
applied to skin of mice.
However, Lefemine also said the
same compound can be produced
from many other everyday mater-
ials under certain laboratory con-
ditions.
Rapid Increase
Dr. Charles S. Cameron, the Am-
erican Cancer Society's medical
and scientific director, said that
cancer of the lung "is showing the
most rapid increase ever ascribed
to any non-infectious disease in
medical history."
Mefford R. Runyon, executive
vice-president, said "the Society is
strongly advocating a semi-an-
nual chest X-Ray, for all men ov-
er 45 years of age." The plan is
being studied by committees of
the American Medical Association.
Runyon added that "statistics
show more than 40 million Ameri-
cans now living will, at some time,
develop cancer, and about 24 mil-
lion of these will die from it."
Last Coffee Hour
The last Union-sponsored cof.
fee hour of the semester will hon.
or the economics department from
I to 5 p.m. today in the Union ter.
race.
It will provide an opportunity fqr
students to meet and talk with fa-
cultymembers on an informal ba-
sis.

4


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IT'S OPERA TIME!
Order your tickets now
for the
35th Michigan Union Opera
"Wail Cto victei"
DEC.8, 9, 10
at the Michigan Theater

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