The Supreme Court Ruling
on Segregation
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Latest Deadline in the State
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PARTLY CLOUDY, COOL
VOL. LXIV, No. 151 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, MAY 18, 1954
SIX PAGES
Court Says School Segregation
Unconstitutional
11
U' Faculty
Hails 'Only
Choice Open
17 Dixie States,
Capital Affected
By HARRY STRAUSS
Unanimously ruling that segre
gation in public schools is uncon
stitutional, the Supreme Court de
lared yesterday that "separate bu
equal" facilities are "inherentl:
unequal"
Read by Chief Justice Earl War
ren, the 12-page decision cited th
14th Amendment in connectioi
with the 17 states to be affected b:
the new ruling, and the Fift:
Amendment in connection with ra
cial segregation in the publi
schools of the District of Columbia
METHODS to end the practic
will be discussed by the court i
the fall.
States having laws requiring
segregation are: Alabama, Ar-
kansas, Delaware, Florida, Geor-
gia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mary-
land, .Mississippi, .Missouri,
North Carolina, Oklahoma,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Tex-
as, Virginia, and West Virginia.
J. The decision was reached, Chief
Justice Warren wrote, when the
following question was presented:
"Does segregation of childrer
} in public schools solely on the ba-
sis of race, even though the phys-
ical facilities and other 'tangible
factors may be equal, deprive the
children of the minority group of
equal education opportunities? We
believe that it does."
* * *
FACULTY members contacted
1 e all said that this was the only
;ourse for the Court to take and
lauded the ruling,
" Prof. John P. Dawson of the
Law School said "The decision
is a great advance and' adds
much to the real content of basic
American values.
"In our rejoicing, we should re-
member how great a task it will
be for the federal judiciary, un-
aided by Congress, to execute
this decision. Congress will con-
tinue to be paralyzed by the South-
ern filibuster in the Senate. Our
federal judges will at least have the
moral backing of a vast majority
of Americans and our friends,
abroad," he concluded.
} Prof. Everett Brown of the polit-
ical science department noted that
the states will have some difficul-
ty. getting around the ruling for
"in the long run, all the states will
have to conform, but it will take
working out."
President of the local chapter
of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People,
Robert Evans, 56L said that "the
decision is the all important ini-
tial step in what will now be a
great struggle for actual equali-
ty of opportunity in the area of
public education."
He added that the coming aca-
demic and social interaction of
students with similar objectives
"will afford the best possible cli-
mate for the elimination of the
misconceptions that are the basis
of most racial intolerance."
* * *
POLITICAL leaders in the South
all opposed the decision, some
more violently than others.
Governors Herman Talmadge
of Georgia and James Byrnes of
South Carolina, both of whom
have in the past said that they
would turn their state's educa-
tion system over to private in-
terests if segregation were ruled
against by the Supreme Court,
attacked the decision.
Gov. Talmadge said the Court
has reduced the Constitution "to
a mere scrap of paper" with its
ruling.
Gov. Byrnes said that the sep-
arate but equal doctrine had been
held many times and "was not vio-
lative of the Constitution. I am
shocked to learn that the court
has reversed itself."
He added that he urges "all of
our people,. white and colored, to
exercise restraint and preserve or-
der."
F
.:a
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*
*
*
M eC
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A rmy-McCarthy~U
Hearing Hlted
Ike Order Forbids Witnesses
To Tell White House Role in Feud
WASHINGTON-(')-The McCarthy-Army hearings bumped into
a Presidential order yesterday and the result was that they came
to an unexpected, dramatic halt-for a week at least, maybe forever. Bloci
Taking a personal hand, President Eisenhower issued a directive
forbidding Army witnesses to testify about the role of White House Block 'M sigi
and other high officials in the televised controversy between Sen. fall begins tomo
Joseph R. McCarthy (R-Wis.) and civilian Pentagon chiefs. end on Friday.
* * * j Old members,
McCARTHY CRIED "Iron Curtain!" Democrats raised a protest seniors should s
of "whitewash." And in the end the Senate Investigations Subcom- row, any ot]
Senate
Stops
1otion
ly Source
)Herying Clar
n-up for next
rrow and will
juniors and
ign up tomor-
hers interested
ti Friday.
be at Barbour
.m. to 3 p.m.
I
O,
mittee voted to recess the public
on inursuayans
Sign-up will b
Gym from 12 p.
Police Catch
62 in Arb
Beer Raids
A series of raids conducted last
Saturday night by the Ann Arbor
Police caught 62 people drinking
beer illegally in the Arboretum.
According to local police officers,
58 were University students and
48 were under 21. Although none
were placed under arrest, they had
to give their names to the officers
and the beer and other intoxicants
were confiscated.
* * *
CHARGES OF illegal possession
of intoxicating beverages can be
brought against the minors while
adults may be charged with drink-
ing in a public park and furnishing
intoxicants to minors, police em-
phasized, adding that the names
of students will be turned over to
University authorities as a matter
of procedure.
Walter B. Rea, Acting Dean
of Students, said he had not yet
received the names of the stu.
dents involved. "We cannot ver-
ify the reports until the names
are turned over to us," he noted.
Commenting on what 'action
would be taken by the University,
Dean Rea said, "Our attitudes will
be guided largely by what charges
are brought against the students
by the Police."
Panhel May Aid
Foreign Students
A suggestion was made for sor-
orities to sponsor foreign under-
graduate women next year, at
yesterday's Panhellenic Associa-
tion meeting.
Barbara Backlar, '56, a mem-
ber of the Student Legislature,
proposed the idea before Panhel
delegates, who will return it to
their houses for further discus-
sion. Variations of the plan might
enable sororities to take foreign
women in for an entire year, pay-
ing all or most of their expenses,
or to provide meals for them at
intervals.
No decision will be made until
next fall.
inquiry until next Monday to see
if Eisenhower would withdraw or
modify his secrecy clampdown.
Acting Chairman Karl Mundt
(R-S.D.) declared there is noth-
ing about the recess which "even
remotely implies a discontinua-
tion of these hearings" for good.
The Democrats, however, said
it looked to them as if the hear-
ings may well have blown sky
high - unless the President
should change his mind.
The chances of Eisenhower do-}
ing this appeared pretty slim.
The President said in yester-
day's secrecy order, issued to Sec-
retary of Defense Charles . Wil-
son, that his stand was taken "to
maintain the proper separation of
powers between the executive and
legislative branches of the govern-
ment in accordance with my re-
sponsibilitiesand duties under the
Constitution."
AND HE SAID, too, in language
that left little if any room for
back-tracking:
"This separation is vital to
preclude the exercise of arbi-
trary power by any branch of
the government."
And so ended-for the time be-
ing, a least-18 days of unprece-
dented, nationally televised hear-
ings that brought day, after day
of testimony from Secretary of
the Army Robert T. Stevens and
Army Counselor John G. Adams-
but only brief, incidental trips to
the witness stand by their main
antagonists, McCarthy and his
chief counsel, Roy M. Cohn.
Specifically, Eisenhower's order,
forbade Adams--who was still on
the witness stand when the break-
up came-to give any further de-s
tails of a Jan. 21 meeting of White
House and other top level officials
which led to the Army's head-on
collision with McCarthy.
At the Jan. 21 meeting, in ad-
dition to Army lawyer Adams, were
Sherman Adams, assistant to
President Eisenhower; Atty. Gen.
Brownell; Dep. Atty. Gen. Wil-
liam P. Rogers; Henry Cabot
Lodge Jr., chief U. S. delegate to
the United Nations and a part-
time White House aide; and Ger-
ald Morgan of the White House
staff.
Hatcher Declares
'Integrity Impugned
Faculty Member Seeks Explanation
Of Committee's Knowledge on Talks
By JIM DYGERT
Confusion was introduced into the University Faculty Senate
meeting yesterday along with a motion to investigate the means by
which the subcommittee of the House Un-American Activities Com-
mittee obtained information regarding what a faculty witness had told
administrative officers of the University.
The motion, made by Prof. Raymond L. Wilder of the mathe-
matics department, was immediately followed by a statement from
the chairman of the meeting, University President Harlan H. Hatcher,
to the effect that the motion was improper.
** *
each day. Membership fee is
25 cents.
Cityr Council
Okays Plan
For Budget
Ann Arbor's City Council last
night voted unanimously in favor
of a planned $2,104,835 budget for
next year, with most of the money
to be appropriated from taxes.
At the opening of the meeting,
Mayor William E. Brown, Jr. on
behalf of the Council and the city,
awarded a certificate and key as
a token of thanks to traffic super-
visor Gene D. Maybee. "We owe
our deepest thanks for your out-
standing work in making Ann Ar-
bor as good as it is in traffic
safety," said Mayor Brown, ad-
dressing Maybee.
* * *
"IT IS because of your accom-
plishments that Ann Arbor hasn't
had a pedestrian death in the last
six or eight years," he said.
It was also brought out last
night that some possessors of
University parking permits had
the wrong idea about the use
of these permits.
When the permits were issued,
it was understood that all park-
ing permits did not apply to mu-
nicipal facilities or metered areas
but only to University parking
lots. Some permit-holders evident-
ly believed that the permits were
good for parking meters and city
parking lots.
Assistant Vice-president Herbert
G. Watkins, who was in charge of
the issuing of these permits, said
that all permits stated definitely
that they were to be used only in
University parking lots.
Daily Bills
Credits will be withheld from
students who have not paid
their Daily subscription bills.
Tomorrow will be the last
day on which these bills may
be paid.
STICKER CAMPAIGN-The first sticker of the NAACP campaign
against discrimination in Ann Arbor stores goes up as two membersj
of the organization look on. Stickers will be displayed on doors,
windows, or in a prominent position inside the store.
SIX-MONTH STUDY:
House Examines Major
Education Foundations
By DEBRA DURCHSLAG
..
SCharged with freeing education
"from the natural safeguards in-
herent in the American tradition,"
major educational foundations are
currently being examined by the
SeilHouse Committee toTn
THANKS TO JOE:
Table Carving Begins at Union
vestigate Tax-Exempt Founda-
Publications
Board Lists
Appointments
The Board in Control of Stu-
dent Publications yesterday ap-
proved the following appoint-
ments:
On the editorial staff: Night
Editors, Dave Baad, '56; Joel Ber-
ger, '55; Jim Dygert, '56; Wally
Eberhard, '56; Murry Frymer, '56;
Jane Howard, '56; Arlene Liss, '56.
ASSISTANT Night Editors: Deb-
ra Durchslag, '56; Rona Fried-
man, '56; David Kaplan, '56; Shir-
ley Klein, '56; Phyllis Lipsky, '55;
Freddi Loewenberg, '56; Harry
Strauss, '55; Louise Tyor, '56.
Women's Night Editors: Sue
Garfield, '56 and Mary Helltha-
ler, '56.
Sports Night Editors: Al Eis-
enberg, '56; Jack Horwitz, '56;
Don Undman, '56; Corky Smith,
,56.
On the Business Staff: Ken
Rogat, '56, Circulation Manager;
Barbara Peril, '57, Assistant Cir-
culation Manager; Dorothy Gold-
man, '56, Classified Advertising
Manager; Pete Solar, '57, Assistant
Classified Advertising Manager;
Sue Blau, '56, Display Accounts
Manager; Marty Weisbad, '56, As-
sistant Display Accounts Manag-
er; Lois Binetsky, '56, Layout Man-
ager; Pat Lamberis, '57, Assistant
Layout Manager.
Dick Alstrom, '56, Local Adver-
tising Manager; Jerry Pusch, '57,
Assistant Local Advertising Man-
ager; Sandy Wasserstein, '57, As-
sistant Local Advertising Manag-
er; Gail Cohen, '56, National Ad-
vertising Manager; Anita Siges-
mund, '56, Promotions Manager;
Stew Evans, '56, Assistant Promo-
.4. - . .. -,. :., ;. . fr
tions.
Based on a six month study, the
report indicated that the numer-
ous foundations, which include
Ford, Rockefeller, and Carnegie,
are "used to finance ideas and
practices incompatible with the
fundamental concepts of our Con-
stitution."
PROF. ANGUS Campbell, direc-
tor of the University's Survey Re-
search Center, commented that
such conclusions can be drawn
only if one starts from a highly
nationalistic point of view.
Both Campbell and Prof. Dor-
win Cartwright, director of the
Research Center for Group Dy-
namics, praised the work of the
foundations. "The three major
foundations, Ford, Rockefeller
and Carnegie, have made a ma-
jor contribution to the advance
of science and the betterment of
social conditions," said Cart-
wright.
This is the second House com-
mittee set up to investigate the
Foundations. The previous inves-
tigation under the late Rep. Ed-
ward E. Cox (D-Ga.) concluded in
recommending that there be more
foundations and that further tax
advantages be granted to persons
who contributed to them.
Rep. B. Carroll Reece (R-Tenn.),
chairman of the present commit-
tee, contends that the earlier com-
mittee on which he was the rank-
ing minority member did an in-
complete job as it functioned dur-
ing the illness of, and after the
death of Cox.
THE MOTION was tabled byt
French Set
Indochina
Evacuation
HANOI, Indochina - (P) - The
French High Command made a
new six-point proposal yesterday
for r evacuating Diei Bien Phu's
wounded, including an offer to
evacuate seriously wounded rebel
soldiers.
The new plan, broadcast to the
rebels over the French radio, came
as the French air force prepared
to hurl all available American-;
supplied planes in mighty strikes
at Vietminh troops moving to-,
ward the Red River Delta.
* * *
THE FRENCH proposal called
for:
Repair of Dien Bien Phu's
airfield to permit the use of
larger planes in airlifting the
wounded, removal of the wound-
ed at the highest possible rate,
cessation of air strikes of the
70-mile highway between Dien
Bien Phu and Son La to per-
mit the rebels to remove their
own casualties, removal of Viet-
minh-imposed barriers on evac-
uation of wounded Vietnamese,
and French medical aid and air
' transport to French hospitals
for gravely wounded rebels.
Squadrons of land and carrier-
based warplanes were to take off
at midnight to blast rebel troops
and their supply convoys mov-
ing eastward and, northweastward
along all key roads
Soviet Arms Aid
Charged by U.S.
WASHINGTON - (R) - The
State Department charged yester-
day that "an important shipment
of arms" has been sent to left
wing Guatemala from "Soviet con-
trolled territory." 4
"The Department of State con-
siders that this is a development
of gravity," an announcement said.
the Senate after several minutes of
4 confusion. Tabling a motion has
the effect of killing it.
President Hatcher, in indicat-
ing the motion improper, said
that it impugned the integrity
of the-administration and would
establish another committee in
an already complex arrange.
ment. There was no discussion
on the motion.
During the confusion, which re-
sulted from what was interpreted
by some as a call by President
Hatcher for a vote of confidence
and by others as a vote on wheth-
er the motion was improper, no
one knew exactly what was being
voted upon, according to informed
sources who were present at the
meeting.
The tabling motion was passed
by a voice vote which the chair-
man, President Hatcher, ruled in
favor of the tabling. The ruling
was not disputed. Introduction of
this motion ended the previous
confusion.
* * *
THE ORIGINAL motion revolv-
ed around the testimony of Prof.
Mark Nickerson of the pharmacol-
ogy department before the Clardy
committee.
In particular, it concerned a
question asked Rep. Kit Clardy
(R-Mich.), chairman of the sub-
committee, by committee counsel
Frank Tavenner. Part of this
was as follows: ". .-. but ac-
cording to the information in
the possession of the Committee
is that the witness advised the
University officials that he had
been a member of the Commun-
ist Party but claimed he had
severed all connections with the
Communist Party."
Prof. Nickerson revealed in his
testimony that he had conferred
with Dr. Maurice H. Seevers,
chairman of the pharmacology de-
partment, Albert C. Furstenberg,
dean of the medical school, and
President Hatcher.
Prof. Wilder's motion was in-
tended to start investigation of
the way in which the committee
learned of these conferences.
ONE MEMBER of the faculty
said that a "great segment of the
faculty was disturbed over this as-
pect of the hearings." Another.
commented that faculty people felt
that the breaking of confidence re-
flects on the good name of the
University.
The procedure by which the mo-
tion was tabled irritated several
faculty members. One called it
"steamrolling tactics."
THREE members of the faculty
claimed that the president intends
to let the whole affair die out over
the summer. Director of Univer-
sity Relations Arthur L. Brandon,
commenting on this statement,
said, "I can see no justification
for it at all."
Earlier in the meeting, Presi-
dent Hatcher told the Senate
faf rn rfn >" 60 .as
In line with Michigan tradition,
the Union has invited the Class
of '54 to add their names or ini-
tials to the countless others on
the annually carved tables in the
Union taproom.
The tradition dates back to the
turn of the century when Joe Par-
ker, the owiner of the famous beer
parlor mentioned in "I Wanna
Go Back to Michigan," began the
practice by setting aside a table
each year, on which seniors might
leave a lasting impression of their
days at Michigan.
Many of the table tops are at-
tached to the walls, displaying
names of illustrious graduates.
These table tops range from ones
on which members of the famous
point-a-minute football teams
have carved their names, to the
14, +ahlh rof Aryvv,, - Inn-.
IFC, Panhel To Aid City
(Community Chest Drive
By DAVE BAAD
The Interfraternity Council an-
nounced yesterday that it, in co-
operation with Panhellenic, is
assuming orgamzation of one-
fifth of next fall's city communi-
ty chest drive.
The IFC-Panhel part of the
campaign, which will cover 2200
homes in Ann Arbor. marks the
Coats, IFC fraternity services
chairman said that he hopes that
not only with the fraternity-soror-
ity contribution strengthen the
town drive but that it will set a
precedent for further cooperation
on the part of student groups with
community projects.
The IFC also announced yester-
cn nrnr.acc. +.rnrnrri *c. ,a- - 4.+
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