McCARTHY-ARMY HEARINGS : REPORT See Page 4 Ii S ir izr ~Iaitr I S " 4 Latest Deadline in the State VOL. LXIV, No. 151 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, MAY 7, 1954 CLOUDY, SHOWERS SIX PAGES Probes' Social Trends Traced Communists Want Voice For Puppets China Seat Demand Opposed by French House Help Vote Permits t*s. (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the third in a series of editorials and inter- pretive articles dealing with the question of Congressional investigating Committees and civil liberties. Today's article was written by Prof. Guy E. Swanson of the sociology department.) By G. E. SWANSON Damning the methods of Congressional probers is a dangerous parlor sport. The danger comes from confusing loud and righteous indignation with effective action. The preface to such action is knowledge of the social conditions that produce these methods. * * * * A DEMOCRACY is unique among societies. It is distinguished negatively by the fact that it endorses no particular goals to be reached in national life. It does not exist to destroy or promote social glasses, to produce or prevent a kingdom of God on earth, to forsake the world or dominate it, or to achieve any other thing. It is distinguished positively by its commitment to a method for making decisions, rather than by the decisions it makes. The essentials of this method are free attempts to persade one's neighbors to accept one's position on controversial issues, and the making of policy decisions through processes that accurately re- fleet the desires of a majority of its citizens. All other characteristics such as freedom of speech and the secret and equal ballot are ways of making such decisions possible } In societies organized to reach particular goals, it is reasonable to say that a wide variety of means may lead to the same end. In a democratic society, the means are the ends. This kind of society is not the result of accident, wishful thinking,' or high ideals. People come to determine their society by having real power that commands such a place., Our society became a parliamentary democracy because there were important differences in the desires and goals of the several sections of the country, of occupational groups, and of religious and; ethnic communities, and because many of these had enough power, singly or in coalitions, to force others to take their wishes into account in decision-making. We continue a democratic society because this diversity of interests supported by adequate power continues. * * * * THE DECISIONS of a democratic government are necessarily working compromises. At any time they reflect the distribution of power in the population. These shifts in power balance appear if we look at the history of legislation or executive acts on a controversial topic such as labor-management relations. The use of Federal troops to crush the Pullman strike, the Wagner Act, and the Taft-Hartley law mirror, in public policy, labor's changing power. They are also reminders that democracy means a continual testing of strength-of efforts to realize one's own goals even at the expense of others. Under these conditions it is inevitable that very real dangers of attack from abroad are exploited in the domestic power struggle. Before and during World War I, against a Fascist totalitarianism, liberals berated domestic conservatives as "soft" toward the Nazis Against Russian totalitarianism, conservatives charge domestic lib- erals with "coddling" Communists. In 1940, conservatives said liberals were getting hysterical; by 1953, the sides changed. And, each in their time, conserva-; tives and liberals have found it embarrassingly difficult to answer such charges. No one seriously believes a Republican administration would have failed to pursue vigorous war against the Nazis or that a Democratic administration would do less than the utmost to reduce the threat of Russian imperialism. But, unhappily for the Republican Old Guard, there were those failures to appreciate Hitler's deadly serious- ness, and for New Deal Democrats there was the reluctance to work through new methods that would assure security while protecting civil rights. * S * * FOR SOME TIME it has been clear that a conservative party will have great difficulty in winning an American election on domestic issues. The extent to which conservatives engaged in the legitimate business of investigating espionage are willing to distort the acts and motives of liberals responsible for security measures, is a gauge of their need for an issue that gives them a chance to win. But above the struggles of conservative and liberal alike are+ the movements toward the security-conscious state-movements1 likely to be with us for a long time. It is a state in which leader- ship is increasingly vested in those with skills in the conduct of war. That state's concern about loyalty is not a product of the probers. It is a product of the threat of total war-of war waged for long periods by all of the people in a highly interdependent1 nation instead of being carried primarily by small elite groups. To promote mass loyalty, such a state moves to curb inequality of economic and social rewards as it strengthens fighting effectiveness by crushing dissent through mass manipulation and force. It can tolerate competition from the interests of neither con- servative nor liberal. When either of these ancient opponents sub- verts the other with knowing distortions of the facts, it builds fear1 and hate that make impossible those working compromises that fulfill1 common needs. Both parties become easy prey for the garrison state. The task is to define and promote loyalty without giving up freedom in exchange for the services of experts in warfare. This is not a task for conservatives or liberals. It is a task for Americans.1 in Building Seaway By The Associated Press The official spokesman for Red China said yesterday his delega- tion would demand the -admission 51 of Communist puppet governments from Laos and Cambodia to the Indochina section of the Geneva peace talks. A French spokesman said France! would refuse to sit at the same table with representatives of "phantom regimes which exist only' in the imagination of the Viet- LargeLStude t1I,4(eof 04,7) minh. " The Communist-led Vietminh BReceiVed( In 'Two-Day Lefere d m 111 calling themselves the "Demo- cratic Republic of Viet Nam," con- By MURRY FRYMER sider their authority is limited to With a majority of 53 per cent of all votes cast. the Crary plan Viet Nam, one of the three French for revision of the academic calendar was approved yesterday by a hin a socated States of anmo higher than expected student vote in a two-day referendum. chin. Th kindom of amboia, The total votes cast yesterday and Wednesday was 4,873. The and Laos are the other two. Crary plan vote was 2,582, more than twice the second-place present RUSSIA AND the West have semester plan vote of 1,237. agreed that the Indochina talks will open, perhaps on Monday, PROPOSED BY Prof. Douglas Crary of the geography department,: with nine delegations at the con- the plan calls for beginning fall semester classes the first week inj ference tables-the United States, September. With only a Thanksgiving vacation break in the semester,I France, Britain, Russia, Red ; final examinations would end a(-- Eisenhower Hails Vote For Channel Decision Spells End To Long Controversy sional approval of the St. Law- WASHIGTON C() ongre- rence Seaway after more than a half century of controversy was virtually assured yesterday, with prospects that ships from the sev- en seas will be able to sail as~ far inland as Toledo, Ohio. Spurred in large measure by President Dwight D. Eisenhower's statement that the seaway is need- ed for national defense as wel as for economic reasons, the House voted.241-158rto authorize this country to join .Canada in build- Dail-Den Moton ing the channel. STUDENTS COUNTING BALLOTS IN CALENDAR REFERENDUM * * * ALL THAT remains is the ad- -ustment of minor differences with Cthe Senate bill before sending the Y eluSmeasure on to President Eisen- China, the three French Union as- sociated states and Vietminh. But the first 'item on the agenda is a possible invitation to other delegations. The Commu- nist Chinese spokesman said his delegation would demand admis- sion of the Communist govern- ments of Khmer (Cambodia) and Pathet Lao (Laos) as well as other "interested states," in- cluding India, Indonesia and Burma. The West considers that Com- munist regimes of Laos and Cam- bodia are virtually nonexistent. * * * IN WASHINGTON Secretary of State John Foster Dulles is re- ported pressing a Far East policy which recognizes that, short of a military miracle, the major part of Indochina may be lost to the Communists. The plan is reported based on an estimate that any "united ac- tion" plan which can be devised may be too late to save Viet Nam, the biggest and richest of the three Indochina states. few days before Christmas. Under the plan Christmas va- Secret ID ata cation would then last for three and one-half weeks with the second semester completed byD enied U se the middle of May. n The vote totals for the other plans were: the Quarter systemr { (academic year broken up into oe three 10 week quarters)-369: the Reading Period plan, ("dead" WASHINGTON - 01) - Atty. weeks in January and June before Gen. Herbert O. Brownell ruled exams)-347; the Dwyer plan against Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R- (exams immediately following Wis.) yesterday on releasing some Christmas vacation)-322; and the secret FBI data dealing with a Brown plan (beginning first week search for espionage. in October, four weeks of classes after Christmas vacation, second semester ending the fourth week in June)-16. * * * CALtNDAR committee member Ruth Rossner, '55, said the vote was "very significant" and "should open discussion again by the Cal- endar committee." An insignifi- cant vote, she said, would prob- ably not have done this. Cinema Guild "Of Mice and Men" starring Betty Field and Burgess Mere- dith will be shown by the Stu- dent Legislature's Cinema Guild tonight at 7 and 9 p.m. in the Architecture Auditorium. Beginning tomorrow, "Blood- hounds of Broadway" with Mitzi Gaynor, Scott Brady and Wally Vernon will be featured at 7 and 9 p.m. and Sunday at 8 p.m. Ad- mission is 50c. Results of the referendum will be taken into consideration by the Calendaring Committee, headed by assistant to the Pres- ident, Eric A. Walter, and com- posed of faculty and student members. The earliest a change could g into effect would be 1956. Phone Strike Threatens City I. Sen. McCarthy (R-Wis.) late yesterday declared he would not abide by Atty. Gen. Brownell's de- cision to not release secret FBI data. With this question still open, the McCarthy-Pentagon inquiry, delved into the record of a certain "Mr. X." This man never was nam- ed. but Sen. McCarthy charged he is one of several persons with "communist connections" who have served on the Pentagon's top security screening board. * * * JOHN G. ADAMS, Army coun- sel, replied that the man had been cleared of security risk allegations after an investigation. Brownell got into the inquiry' when the Senate investigators ask- ed him if it would be all right to make public a "letter" produced earlier by Sen. McCarthy-a let- ter that turned out to be a cut- down version of an FBI memo on the question of espionage at Ft. Monmouth, N.J. ,a r 1' , City To Host Ad Conclave Ann Arbor plays host today to a one-day Advertising Conference sponsored by the University. { Participating in the conference, which has as its theme "Improv- ing the Effectiveness of Advertis- ing Through New Understandingsf of the Consumer," are such not-# ables as Theodore S. Repplier, president of the Advertising Coun- cil, Inc.; Walter Weir of Dona- hue & Coe, New York and Prof. Rensis Likert, Director of the In-I stitute for Social Research and! member of the psychology and so- ciology departments of the Uni- versity, ALSO PARTICIPATING are John B. Lansing, Assistant Pro- gram Director in the Economic! Behavior Program, Survey Re- search Center of the University; Edward H. Weiss, president of Weiss & Geller, Inc.; Pierre Mar- Ann Arbor may be affected by the telephone strike that now threatens the state. Professor Speaks "Right now Michigan hasn'tA taken a strike vote," said William On Civil Liberties Backlund, president of Local 4011.# The dispute, according to Back- Prof. Harold M. Levinson of t lund, is over a bargain for paid economics department yesterd hospitalization for workers and a addressed the University chapt general wage increase. of the National Association f He said that the only way Ann the Advancement of Colored Pe Arbor could be affected is if West- ple concerning the economic a ern -Electric strikes, which would ! pects of racial segregation. probably affect the entire nation. The professor noted that d: Otherwise, he said, Bell Telephone crimination, in that it lowers t cannot see any danger of a strike. morale of the subject and mak If a strike does occur, the com- him aware of his occupational i pany plans to set up special strike security, tends to limit his pr circuits which will take care of ductive capacity thus reducing t any urgent or emergency calls. nation's total product. 'U' COMPOSERS FEAT URED: id hnower for his signature. li For FinanceA d President Eisenhower, In a Sstatementlate yesterday, hailed the House vote as "the end of a (EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second in a series of articles on -the long and historic effort." He University's year-old Development Council, an agency set up to coordinate said the seaway would "con- fund raising programs with 'educational objectives.) tribute materially to the eco- By VIRGINIA VOSS nomic well-being and security" Daily Editorial Director of both the United States and Mention the Development Council and the question you are most Canada. likely to encounter is: "What is it?" Proponents say construction of Partially this is a result of the fact that the Council is designed to the seaway, which will take an promote not specific goals but long-range objectives. Partially it is esthe, pdospxoyeat w o - because the Council's membership is broadly defined as including "all the prospect of great new eco- alumni and friends of the University assisting in the work of the Lakes area and the Midwest. development program." When completed, the 27-foot- But however much broad goals and sprawling membership defy deep channel will enable ships of definition, they do not negate the Council's integral part in the Uni- the Victory and Liberty classes, for versity's future. example, to pass directly from the * * * * Atlantic Ocean to inland ports on WHEN THE TIME came for University administrators and alumni the Great Lakes. Ships of this size to shift from the Phoenix Project0 -------------- have a cargo capacity of 10,000 to the Development Council point tons. of view, several problems were at ia l nt * I of hand. ' NAVIGATION of the river now According to the Council's as- Tis restricted to ships with a draft sistant director Tom Dickinson, L ew tonor r of 14 feet or less because of a 46- Michigan alumni had never been mile stretch of rapids near 0g. conditioned to giving financial Michigan's new honorary, Quad- densburg, N. Y. aid to the University, and in the . rant, tapped last Tuesday: The legislation passed yester. four or five previous fund drives, New members are: Rosalind day permits elimination of this the solicitation was directed to- Shlimovitz, '55; Hazel Frank, '56; shipping bottleneck through the wards a specific project. William Weber, '55; Leonard Sip- digging of a canal-the 'sea- The Alumni Fund Board, the iore, '55; Roger Wilkins, '56; James way--27 feet deep. most important Council sub- East; John Collins, '54; Don Ken- ,The canal became a practical group, is where this problem now ' ney; Jay Millman, '55E; James ;proposition only after the Federal rests. Used strictly for non-operat- Evans, '55; Joel Margenau, '54BAd, Power Commission last year grant- ing projects like student aid, re- and Ronald McCreight, '56. ed New York State a license to build, with the Province of On- search and specialized equipment, Former students elected to life tario, a giant 600-million-dollar the year-old alumni fund took in; membership are: hydroelectric project. more than $60,000 from 2,600 con- William O'Hern, '50; Russell The granting of this license is tributors in its first solicitation. Gregory, '53; Jerry Ryan, '52; 1 now being contested in the courts, Aim of the board is to get large Frank VanSchiick, '51; Nahum with indications that a decision j or small contributions from as Ray Litt, '52E; Carl A. Hassel- may be reached by early summer many alums as possible on a con- wander, '55; Murray Barron, '52; or fall. tinuing basis. Although undesig- Arthur Ablin, '48; Harry C. Olsen, nated gifts are the most readily I '52; Earl Aldon, '52; and William usable, the board occasionally gets Gerson, '52. iscrim inaton letters like a recent one from a Those who were elected to hon- veteran enclosing a single dollar orary membership* were: with the stipulation that it be Mrs. Elliot K. Herdman, Mrs. used for children of the gradu- Theron S. Langford, Prof. Karl ates of '23. Thus the "all contri- Litzenberg, Prof. Joseph Kallen- The executive board of Young butions accepted" policy takes up bach, Prof. John P. Dawson, Erich Democrats has passed a resolu- the Alumni Fund's time. A. Walter and Dr John E. Bing- tion condemning discrimination See OBJECTIVES Page 6 ley. on campus and the University in action on it. The resolution reads: "We con- sider recent evidences of discrim- ination in the campus community deplorable. We find still more de- plorable the refusal of University SPlans Concerts officials to speak out against dis- crimination occurring on property subject to University regulations Shakespeare, James Joyce and when it has been brought to their William Blake will be represented attention. in the chamber music concerts "Discrimination against individ- scheduled for today and Sunday uals because of race or religion is as part of the four-day Inter- clearly conduct unbecoming a stu- Arts Festival, dent or any other member of the Texts from these and other po- University community. Westrong- ets have been set to music by the ; ly urge that the University take fstudent composers, who will be immediate action to end any form represented in the two programs, of racial or religious discrimina- 8 p.m. in the Henderson Room of tion in League Houses and any the League. other units subject to University y * * * control." he ay ter or o- as- is- he :es n- o- he Hays To Talk To Journalists Speaking on "What Do We Do About Communists?" Arthur Gar- field Hays, General Counsel for) the American Civil Liberties Un- ion, will present the sixth in the current U-M lecture series spon- World News Roundup By The Associated Press HONG KONG-A Flying Boxcar flown by an American crew in In-; dochina failed to return to its base, an announcement said today. Inter-Arts Festiva sored by the Department of Jour- * * * tineau of the Chicago Tribune; nalism on "The Press and Civil DETROIT-The National Auto-: Alberta Hays; Allan Greenberg; Liberties in Crises" at 4 p.m. today motive Parts Association consented Melvin S. Hattwick, and John L. in Rackharn Lecture Hall. yesteiday to a Federal court de- McQuigg. cree directing it to stop what the- government claimed were viola- o Seniors To Rate tions of anti-trust laws. roposa eeks College Careers DETROIT-The acting president To Join SL, SAC of the Girl Scouts of Metropolitan' Focusing on graduating seniors. Detroit recommended, yesterday, The Student Affairs Study Coin- the next Literary College Confer- the "immediate suspension" of a mittee yesterday considered a ten- ence will discuss the question "Has j 27-year-old troop leader, Mrs. j tative draft of recommendations you fr vel'sin-: 'Ylpaphpn 'PnPln lrlcn, u. rlnlinr f on the nI'nn OSel revisionof rn- SONATA for violin and piano, by Gordon Sherwood, Grad., will be' the first composition in Friday's concert, followed by songs com- Military Honorary The following men were called .;. .. __ ,..: .. > .