WAGE FOUR TnE MICHIGAN DAILY THURSDAY, MAY 6, 1954 lk PAGE POUR 1liE MIChIGAN iJAILY ThURSJ.)A~, MAY 6, 1954 Atomic War In Indo-China? A NEW TENSENESS is due to appear on the diplomatic front with the imminent fall of Dien Bien Phu and the return from recess of the French parliament. Dien Bien Phu has long been discounted as a strategic outpoint in the war by military observers, but the valiant defense waged there has given the battle a sym- bolic importance, especially to the French. The French, heartened by the brave deeds of their Army are expected to bellow for aid or withdrawal in the campaign. This could lead to disaster in the plans of the Allies. The British went,to Geneva stating that they would not make any move toward giv- ing aid to France until after the Geneva conference. This hurt the French hopes even more than did the American attitude of watchful waiting. The French are in favor of pulling out of the Indo-Chinese war if aid is not forthcoming. However, if the French parlia- ment begins requesting the aid before the Geneva meetings are over, it will prove a serious threat to any negotiation that may now be possible. So, the outlook seems to be that the French will wait until after the Geneva conference proves to be a fiasco, just as will the British and Americans, before making any demands on the governments of their Allies. Now, the question remains-What will result if the Geneva conference does fail to provide us with a cease fire or some similar halt to the war? A cease fire is un- likely, since the Communists . apparently have nothing to lose by continuing the war. The peripheral wars strategy seems to be the key to their planning, and keeping the Allies engaged at Indo-China would be ad- vantageous to this plan. The French have gained hope through the defense at Dien Bien Phu and now appear willing to stay in the fighting, if they can garner the military support of the United States and Britain. They will undoubtedly appeal for aid if the Geneva talks fail. That leaves the United States with few alternatives. We could go to the aid of the French, but war in Indo-China would have many obstacles. First, there is the geographic position of the war. The waters surrounding the area, says Admiral Rad- ford, are exceedingly difficult to gain con- trol of and send aircraft carriers to, be- cause the Reds have air bases on the shores at the strategic points. Also, jun- gle terrain is not to our advantage. In addition there is the compelling consid- eration that should we go to war in Indo- China, we would not only be playing into the Communists' peripheral strategy, but also risking the possibility of an all-out war, On the other hand, we would be, by in- dulging in a "hands off" policy towards In- do-China, allowing in effect, the Commun- ists to walk in and take control of the area, and possibly all of southeastern Asia. For the French would undoubtedly pull out if we failed to send them military aid. So the Eisenhower Administration seems about to face the toughest task that. they have yet encountered. It was said by the Alsop brothers, syndicated columnists, that the decision to send troops to Indo-China was almost made. If this is true, it is obvious that the administration is not bluff- ing. We will go to war if Ike and his aides determine it's necessary. Is this the best plan, however, to be- come involved in what has already been said could be developed into another 100 years war. Then the remaining question -the one in the back of the whole prob- lem-the thought about which no one likes to think must be raised. Is getting involved in a possible 100 years war the only alternative to atomic war-the other possible deterrent to Red aggression in Asia. And, if such is the case, which is in the long run, the lesser of these two evils? This is a pessimistic outlook, and yet, as the situation now stands, what could be the alternative to war except to allow the Com- munists to gain Indo-China and take the gamble that they might stop there-a very big gamble, for we are not likely to win by letting the Reds get the jump on us in this crucial game of diplomatic Chinese checkers. -Lew Hamburger Is About T"ime FINAL PASSAGE of the long disputed St. Lawrence Seaway bill seems almost a certainty as the first House debate in the proposal's 20-year legislative history nears an end. It's about time. Congress, because of its very makeup, is noted for its tuitle-like action, but for it to allow petty local interest to delay such im- portant action makes a mockery of the legislative process. Canada has made it quite clear that she would build the Seaway with or without United States' cooperation. Therefore no question surrounded the eventual existence of the Seaway and there is no doubt that United States ships wouia profit from the House Committee Growth Told @0.cIe?1tCPJ to thlie 6ctfor . . . (Continued from Page 1) or not the American CP wa advocating the overthrow of the Government by force or violence. In 1946 the committee was again inactive holding only three days of hearings at which time Gerald L. K. Smith and Louis Budenz, an ex-Communist, were questioned. But in 1947 the inactive committee got new life when J. Parnell Thomas of New Jersey (who has since served a jail sen- tence for taking kick-backs from his staff) became chairman. Thomas outlined the committee's, plans for the year which included proposed in- vestigations into Communist activities in Hollywood, education, labor unions and with- in the field of atomic research. Another new feature was that for the first time the committee was to search not only for members of the Communist Party but Party sympathizers. Of those people to appear before the committee during this year were Ger- hart Eisler, United States representative for the Communist International and a host of Hollywood writers and actors. Eisler added a new feature to committee hearings when he demanded the right to read a prepared statement before he was sworn in. Gerhart neither read his prepared statement nor was sworn in as both sides refused to yield. He was later held for con- tempt of Congress. Eugene Dennis, General Secretary of the Communist Party, added another innova- tion when he refused to appear before the committee. In October, 1947 the committee began its investigations into the Screen Writers Guild in Hollywood in an effort to prove this group was dominated by Communists and that the American film industry was producing pro-Russian films at the insistance of Cap- itol Hill pressure. For the first time the question which has proved of late the most irksome to both the committee and witnesses was asked systematically: "Are you or have you ever been a mem- ber of the Communist Party of the United States." Ten Hollywood writers refused to ans- wer this question, among them Ring Lard- ner, Jr. The committee for the first time failed to reach anyconclusions in its hearings al- though it said "outlines" and "patterns" were evident. The Hollywood probes were suddenly abandoned. In 1948 the biggest case which the committee was to hear broke upon the scene-The Alger Hiss Case. In July of that year Elizabeth Bentley a former Communist charged that Government em- ployes had turned over secret information to the Russian Government during the war. Whittaker Chambers of Time Maga- zine and the Pumpkin-Preserved Films highlighted the affair. Hiss was finally convicted of perjury In his testimony. Meanwhile, the former Rep. Richard A. Nixon, now Vice-President of the United States had joined the committee and was heading a subgroup attempting to draw up legislation from the senior committees find- ings. The Mundt-Nixon Bill was one of the pieces of legislation derived from such hear- ings. (Sen. Mundt in his early career had also been a member of the House group.) The bill sought a law in which members of groups acting on behalf of foreign agen- cies would be forced to register with the United States Government, listing the names and addresses of all members of such or- ganizations. Arthur Garfield Hays, of the American Civil Liberties Union, who will speak on campus Friday, at these hearings raised another question which has remained cru- cial in evaluating the House Un-American Activities Committee. Hays' asked just how dangerous was the threat of American Communism and sug- gested that the Communist fed and gained strength on such publicity as the committee through its investigations was able to af- ford it. Also to appear before the group during this year was Dr. Edward Condon, Direct of the National Bureau of Standards w'io was charged by the group as being a weak link in the atomic security program. He was later cleared of these charges by the Atomic Energy Commission. Others men- tioned were Harry Dexter White, and Nathan Silvermaster. In 1949-1950 the current chairman of the committee, Rep. Harold Velde of Illi- nois, joined the group and Rep. Rankin left the committee. John Wood became chairman. The activities of the committee during the course of these years consisted of investi- gations of Communist movements in Hawaii. In June of 1949 Frank F. Oppenheimer and Jacquenette Oppenheimer, brother and wife of the noted atomic scientist who is now un- der investigation as being a poor security risk appeared before the committee and tes- tified on their Communist links. Following the hearingFrank Oppenheim- er's resignation was accepted by the Univer- sity of Minnesota, In 1951 the committee, which had been compiling anti-Communistic propaganda of its own, released a list of 624 organiza- tions and 204 publications cited as subver- sive by the Attorney General. The Holly- wood probes resumed, at which time actor Jose Ferrer denied he was a Communist, and Bud Shulberg, author, said he had once been a member of the Party. Nineteen fifty-two was marked by th committee's charge that Dr. Dirk J. Struik of Massachusetts Institute of Technology was a Communist and a blast at the school for not discharging him. In its annual report issued in 1952 the committee also urged the death penalty for peacetime espionage agents. The following year was marked by Rep. Velde's charges that Communists had in- filtrated the nation's churches and in- vestigations which saw Rev. G. Bromley Oxnam called to the stand. He relentlessly castigated the committee and cleared himself of Communist charges leveled against him. The Committee also probed Communist activity in the nation's col- leges in the East. This year was marked by Rep. Harold Velde's demand that the Canadian Gov- ernment allow Igor Gouzenko, the man who broke the Canadian atomic spy ring, to testify in the United States and the current probe into labor unions and educational in- stitutions in Michigan. What the Committee's next case will be is hard to tell. But it is evident that during the last few years it has lost ground to the McCarthy group in the Senate. Whether it can ever gain its position of top anti-Communist prober of the Ujited States Government is highly doubtful. League House To The Editor: I News From Abroad 0 N FRIDAY, April 30, The Daily' featured an article concerning; the banning of two Negro boys from a League House on 1811; Washtenaw. This article was fol- lowed by statements by Mrs. E. Leslie and various directors of League Houses. The reports were that few houses include Negro girls with the addition that there were no applications gotten from Negroes. It seems to me that the mere fact that so few houses do cater to members of both races points to far more than the ab-I sence of applications. Mrs. Free- man's house at 1811 Washtenaw very quietly never admitted Ne- groes; I do not believe this is a coincidence, nor do I believe it would have been known unless this house was put to the test. This, to me, is not a 'co-operative" atti- :ude. It is perfectly true, however, that the "directors of League Houses have all the rights of private in- dividuals in their own homes." But these houses are not com- pletely independent in that theyj are approved by the University of Michigan. This to me is a definite you defeat them on intellectual grounds, We act as if deep down inside we were scared stiff democracy isn't better than Communism, and that the only way to defeat Com- munists in America is to isolate them and then starve them into submission. But it isn't so. I am aware of the argument at- tempting to justify the treatment of Ed Shaffer and others by say- ing that if men are seeking to de- stroy your country you don't treat them as intellectual dissenters but as traitors. But if Ed Shaffer or anyone else is so complete a Com- munist as to advocate violent over- throw of the government then the proper treatment for them is to convict them of a crime under the Smith Act, and imprison them. If they are not guilty of this crime, then they should not be made the butt of a whole lot of displaced aggression. Either we deal with Communists legally under the Smith Act or intellectually in open discussion. To resort to persecuting them as individuals in a personal way not only isn't cricket, it is thoroughly reprehensible and beneath what this country has stood for for a long time. i i 1 1 i reiection upon the standuards of -_ _ _ the University. A policy, stated by deliberate insult to the individuals I able to recognize their faults. If the University, should not extend involved but to all American citi- they have some good ideas, then only to residence housing, bu to zens: It is also a reflection upon we can benefit from them. dents are not permittse to mov the standards of the University of We would appreciate hearing into housing whose standards do Michigan. from Mike Sharpe and leaders of not meet health or safety require- What we ask is that the Univer- other campus political groups on ments. Is not a policy of anti-dis- sity take a specific stand on the the idea of public debates and dis- crimination as important and issue-namely, refuse to give their cussions. This would help elimi- could it not be includel as one of approval to houses who have a nate much of the present confu- the minimum requirements to be policy of discrimination. If they sion and misconception of the stu- met? refuse to take such action, we dent body. If the University permits dis- think it only fair that this policy -E. S. Robinson crimination in housing, and refus- be made known in order that those T. W. Gougeon es to condone such a policy, I think people who feel that discrimina- Lawrence N. Lup estocndnudchapoiyIthbody tion is unjust will not patronize* * it only fair that the student body these houses. be made aware of the practices of t o;,, ealing with -.iiiiiite J~~f411, J -Joan Bryan RhaCe* 11 these houses in order that those who do not advocate discrimina- tion will not continue to patronize them. -Anita Halpern * * * League House Incident . To the Editor: LAST Saturday night, the usual gay atmosphere prevailed at the Freeman's League House at 1811 Washtenaw. Some of the girls were busily dressing while their dates waited impatiently in the downstairs living room. But this calmness was abruptly shattered by the threatening voice of the landlord. "This is against our policy. We do not allow mixing in our houses. Please wait outside." Simultaneously, the phone rang; I lifted the receiver to the screech- ing voice of Mrs. Freeman. "What are those two 'colored boys' doing there? If you girls want to lower yourselves, kindly do it on the outside. Get rid of them im- mediately!" What was the world shaking event that disturbed the equilib- rium of the entire Freeman house- hold? A Negro boy had dared to call for his date at a University Approved home. This incident was not only a -J3eanne iMarani:) Anita Halpern, '56 Speak Up, ,er..., CommuniSts « To The Editor: hVi -IT WOULD SEEM as a result of' To th eEditor: the Price incident and his being MIDE the subpoenas, the attacksfired from his job that Ed Shaf- A the oubnterattacksfor, by, and fer's position onthis campus is in thecouteattck fo, y, ndsome ways stronger than ever be- !'against the Labor Youth League, sm assrne hnee e against ore. A great many people (my- we and many other students are self included) have a tendency to thoroughly confused as to what eficud)hvatnecyo r identify with an underdog-any situation is like the men who ar- underdog-and so Ed Shaffer be- gued over the number of teeth in comes poor Ed who is getting it a horse's mouth, but never both- in the neck, and is therefore the ered to look in the horse's mouth recipient of a certain amount of and count them. The LYL is alleg- edly an organization representing Yet one is left in the rather radical views. Actually how radical absurd position of sympathizing are they? What are their beliefs? with a man who would resort to Are they parallel to Marx or do such tactics as what can only be To the Editor: LEW Hamburger's editorial "Aft- er 90 Years" may be a fine piece of literary sentiment, but in the realm of history and logic it fails miserably. To invoke the spirits of the men who died at Gettysburg, Antietam, et al as a reminder of what we have forgotten about the meaning of prejudice is sheer historical an- achronism. Many of those men died before the Emancipation Proclamation was even a promise on the horizon. We might better go back to Civil War days to dis- cover what we have learned since then about racial prejudice. We have learned that as a gov- ernment resting on the support of a free and equal citizenry, we must oppose any practice which reduces a group to second-rate or inferior status. More recently we have come to see that our government is subsidizing prejudice when it per- mits public supported or fran- chised institutions to discriminate arbitrarily. Surely this is a long way from a mere rejection of the concept of human property. 1 So what have we forgotten? Might it not be that the framers of our Constitution conferred upon us as individuals the right to ex- press ourselves unwisely as well as wisely? If the principles of democracy are revelant to voluntary member- ship, then it is not just a question of racial or religious discrimina- tion-it is a question of any kind of arbitrary discrimination. Would it be "undemocratic" for a group of campus huskies to base mem- bership in their organization on minimum height and chest-girth measurements? I doubt if it would concern us-we would leave them to their robust fellowship. Un- fortunately, the racial and relig- ious clauses strike at a more sen- sitive point. Of these, Mr. Ham- burger says, "The move today is for removal, not for holding on to this remnant of irrationality." My question is this: by what demo- cratic means can we impose our own concept of the "rational"? f' r t x they differ some with him? We do not feel that a majority of the students can answer these and many other questions about the LYL. We are condemning an or- ganization that we know little deliberate and malicious distortion of the meaning of Peter Kalinke's letter in last week's Daily. Appar- ently Ed Shaffer does not always hit above the belt. What to do in a dilemma of sympathizing with someone who isn't really worthy of sympathy? My answer is you stop doing the sort of things toj him that require sympathy. In about. Why doesn't lic discussions other campus the LYL hold pub- and debates with political organiza- ON THE Washington Merry-Go-Ro-und tions on present economic and po- j dealing with all the Ed Shaffers, litical problems? In this way the you don't resort to making their LYL would be brought into the friends spy on them and you don't open and everyone could become fire them from their jobs, nor do better acquainted with their aims you refuse them legal aid. You and beliefs. If they are a bad or- don't attempt to destroy them psy- ganization, then we will be better ; chologically or economically - 4 with DREW PEARSON F f" _...v._-,i1 J WASHINGTON - Two of the most per- suasive personalities in the western world-Winston Churchill and Adm. Arthur Radford-met in London for a vital un- publicized talk on Indo-China the other day and, though it hasn't been announced, Churchill proved himself the most persua- sive. The question at issue was whether Great Britain should support the United States and back up our proposed intervention in Indo-China. Secretary of State Dulles, who also talked with Churchill on his earlier trip to Europe, got nowhere with*-him. The aged and force- ful Prime Minister of England would not even join the United States in a declaration of warning to Russia. Following this, Admiral Radford stopped off in London to try his luck with Churchill. Radford is considered one of the most dy- namic men in Washington. In fact, he won his job as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff partly by his persuasive personality. For, when President-Elect Eisenhower stop- ped off at Iwo Jima on his trip to Korea, Radford met him, took Ike for an hour's walk while the plane refueled, and during that time sold him on a lot of ideas such as rebuilding Chiang Kai-Shek's navy for use against the Chinese mainland. Ike was so impressed that he asked Rad- ford to accompany him on the remainder of the trip to Korea. the United States could ever make. And Radford, despite his logic and eloquence, could not budge him. Note-After his talk with Churchill, Rad- ford was suddenly called home. He was not scheduled to return, but got White House instructions to come back immediately-pre- sumably to report to the National Security Council. McCARTHY AND TAXES A lot of people don't realize it-including at first this writer and probably the Secre- tary of the Army-but it was one Dwight D. Eisenhower who played into McCarthy's hands by permitting him to examine in- come-tax returns. Without an order from the President. it's a penitentiary offense for the Treasury to give tax returns to anyone, even a Senator. However, on Feb. 19, 1953, Eisenhower signed a blanket executive order, No. 10435, giving the McCarthy Committee and other investi- gating committees the power to get any income-tax returns they wanted merely by writing a letter to the Treasury. Hence Commissioner T. Coleman Andrews has no choice about giving McCarthy all tax returns-if Joe asks for them. Thus it was that, when McCarthy learned Assistant Secretary of Defense Struve Hen- sel was helping to prepare the Army's case against him, all he had to do was ask for Hensel's tax returns and he got them-as well as those of various other Pentagon L DAILY C (Continued from Page 2) Doctoral Examination for Lorne Doug- las Cook, Economics; thesis: "An Eco- nomic Analysis of the Federal Taxation of Income from Cooperative Enterpris- es," Fri., May 7, 105 Economics Bldg.,j at 3 p.m. Chairman, R. A. Musgrave, Doctoral Examination for Kenneth Ralph Hardy, Psychology; thesis: "The Influence of Affiliative Motivation and Social Support upon Conformity and Attitude Change." Fri., May 7, 6625 Ha- ven Hall, at 2 p.m. Chairman, Daniel Katz. Doctoral Examination for Milton Pain- Deutscher Verein-Kaffeestunde will Hillel: Reservations and cancellations meet today, 3:15 p.m., in the alcove of for the Friday night Sabbath dinner C +k YT anicii-- 4[-- 'Prhnf F7rT uI' .n ha i d by Thm;. Mv 6. 10 the Union taproom. Prot. H. Penzi, of jhave to be maa o y ' urs., may o, i the German Dept., will be present. All p.m. Call NO 3-4129. Are we any less obligated to leave students wishing to make active use of groups adhering to such discrimi- their German are urged to cone. Every- Christen Science Organization. Tes- natory clauses to their own privi- one welcome. timony meeting tonight at 7:30 p m" leged and prejudiced fellowship? ---1--Fireside Room, La'ne Hall. All are wel- rd e eBowhip Orthodox Students Society. Meeting, come. --Robert E. Barnes tonight at 7:30 p.m, Lane Hall. Rev.j Harry Magoulias. Pastor of St. Con- ' The Baha'i Student Group will meet stantine and Helen of Detroit, will give ! at 8 p.m. in the League to discuss the a lecture illustrated with slides, on the relationship between religion and the Orthodox Liturgy. Refreshments to fol- natural and social sciences. Everyone low. Public invited. is welcome. The 48th Annual French Play. The Coi in Events ',. nf.iira ~f "(',C Tn. Panu Cha eaux i +O 'L~n ' sets Is I" 1" 11 (1 Is IA 11 Ii Ilk 11 1 It 11 1" IN Ii I Wl 11 picture oz es "tmes aux unpeax ter Foster, English Language and Liter- verts" is ready Call for it in 112 Ro--Fot ature; thesis: "The Reception of Max mac;agug mm Department of Astronomy, Visitors~ Sit-orha shss e eeto amane Language Building.,i ,rr Iy7Asrnm.Vso Edited and managed by students of Nordau's Degeneration in England and! Night, Fri., May 7, 8 p.m. Dr. Dean B. I dtdadmngdb tdnso America," Fri., May 7, West Council ' 1rMcLaughlin will speak on "The Earth the University of Michigan under the Room, Rackham Bldg., at 3 p.m. Chair- Additional Ushers for 1954 Drama Sea- -Geological." After the illustrated talk authority of the Board in Control of mian, Karl Litzenberg. son are needed, The sign-up sheets are in Auditorium "B," Angell Hall, the Student Publications. ,on the bulletin board in the Temporary Students' Observatory on the fifth floor Classroom Building. will be open for telescopic observation Concerts of the Moon and Saturn, if the sky is Editorial Staff Student Recital. Robert Onzoirey, The Weekly Graduate Record Concert clear, or for inspection of the telescopes Harry Lunn..........Managing Editor s asset eited b rt' Raant will be held in the West Lounge of and planetarium, If the sky is cloudy. Eric Vetter..................City Editor clarinetist, assisteda yiibas o Rackham tonight at 8 p.m. Program: Children are welcomed, but must be Virginia Voss... ...Editorial Director clrntsEdadKobasoit Josquin des Pres, Selected Chansons; accompanied by adults. Mike Wolff. ....... .Associate City Editor and virginia Catanese, pianist, will pre- Schubert, String Quintetein ChMajor;yAlice B. Silv ssoc. Editorial Director sent a program of compositions by Bach, Bartok, Concerto for Orchestra, Ravel, All Music Education students are urg- Diane D. AuWerter....Associate Editor Saint Saens. Pierne, Gagnebin and Mo- Introduction and Allegro. All grads cor- ed to attend the Student M.E.N.C. meet- Helene Simon........ Associate Editor tart, at 8:30 Friday evening, May 7, in dially iiivited, ing Tues., May 11, 7 p.m., Hussey Room, Ivan Kaye..,.........,....Sports Editor Auditorium A, Angell Hall. A Music Ed- League. Election of officers. Paul Greenberg.... Assoc. Sports Editor ucation major, Mr. Onofrey will present The Congregational-Disciples Guild. Marilyn Campbell..... Women's Editor tepublic recital in partial fulfillmetMid-week Meditation in Douglas Cha- African Union will present a Cultural Kthy Zeislr ...Assoc Women's Editr of the requirements for the Bachelor I pel, 5:05-5:30 p.m. Freshman discussionj Program on Sat.. May 8. at 8 p.m. in the Chuck Kelsey...Chief Photographer of Music degree. group, 7 to 8 p.m.; topic: "Faith." Rackham Assembly Hall. The program1 Events Today Fourth Laboratory Bill of Plays will be presented by the Department of Speech tonight at 8 o'clock in the Wo- men's Athletic Building. There is no admission charge, and the seats are not reserved. Included on the bill are Wen Shun T'ang's Chinese play, THE DRA- GON; scenes from Eva Le Gallienne's dramtizati n Lwi allsALICE U. of M. Sailing Club meeting at 7:451 tonight in 311 West Engineering Build- ing. Plans will be made for sailing this weekend, and for attending the Invita- tional at Notre Dame this weekend. La p'tite causette will meet today from 3:30 to 5:00 p.m. in the wing of the Michigan Union Cafeteria. All in- terested in the improvement of their conversational French are cordially in- will feature African art, music, and na- tive dances, followed by social dancing. All are welcome. Congregational-Disciples Guild. Sup- per hike, leaving from Guild House, 5:25 p.m. Clean-up Day at Guild House, 9 a.m., Sat., May 10, lunch provided. (Please sign up if you plan to eat withI us. Michigan House Glee Club. composed Business Staff Thormas Treeger. Business Manager William Kaufman Advertising Manager Harlean Hankin.... Assoc. Business Mgr. William Seiden...... .Finance Manager Anita Sigesmund. Circulation Manager Telephone NO 23-24-1 iu i;