FRIDAY, APRIL 2, 1954 THE MICHIGAN DAILY FAME FIVE FRIDAY, APRIl 2, 1954 THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE FIVE _ __ Films Tell of H- Strength blast Results Startle City's TV Viewers Fitzgerald, Pidd Discuss Effects By GENE HARTWIG Seeing an entire island wiped off the face of the earth by the power of a single Hydrogen bomb was described as a startlingly hor- rible experience by students view- ing films of the Ngvember 1952 last on television yesterday. "Watching the films left me with a sick feeling in the pit of my stomach," one student report- ed, while another said "it was as though the sun were colliding with the earth." Washtenaw County Civil De- fense Director Thomas A. Fitz- gerald said yesterday that so far no changes have been authorized in civil defense planning for the Detroit area of which Ann Arbor is part. HE INDICATED, however, that some revision of thought in Wash- ington and Lansing on defense planning for the area will prob- ably be forth coming. One suggestion has been made that plans be laid for a mass evacuation of Detroit in the event of possible attack on the city. Fitzgerald said that changes in defense planning might be along these lines. Under present civil defense plans for southeastern Michigan Ann Arbor is thought of as a sup- port area for the evacuation of in- ured and others from Detroit. According to Fitzgerald a sur- vey of housing for possible evac- uees has been made and is avail- able at present, , PROF. ROBERT W. Pidd of the physics department said that the danger of the new weapon lies in Its tremendously increased size over the A-bomb. Commenting on the so-called runaway bombs exploded March 1 and last Friday the physicist referred to a statement by Atomic Energy Commissioner Lewis Strauss who reported that the difference in these reactions and the 1952 explosion was a factor of two. Prof. Pidd explained that since only one H-Bomb had been ex- ploded previous to the experiments last month-no definite pattern had been set for the size of the blasts, with the possibility that the first bomb may have been weak or de- fective in some way. The radio-active snow reported in Montana Wednesday is noth- ing so unusual the physics pro- fessor said as Ann Arbor exper- ienced a similar phenomenon last year. Winds bearing moisture from the area of the bomb tests are re- sponsible for the radioactive per- cipitation, Prof. Pidd said. Should the air currents continue across the country and the city receive rain or snow in the next few days, chances are radioactive partices will be present, he said. Prof. Pidd pointed out that1 danger from this radioactivity ist well within the safety limits be- cause of the amount of energy released over an enormous area. JOIN THE RED CROSS Formula By The Associated Press What's the difference be- tween a hydrogen bomb and the "old-fashioned" atomic bomb? It's easier to understand if you remember that actually they're both A-bombs. The basic difference is that the "old" type, first exploded in 1945, makes use of splitting atoms, while the newer one fuses or puts atoms together in new combinations. Either way there's a tre- mendous release of energy-but much more so with the hydro- gen bomb. It's more accurate to call the older weapon a fission bomb, rather than just an "atomic" bomb, and the new type a fu- sion bomb instead of a "hydro- gen" bomb. What the fission bomb does, essentially, is split atoms of uranium, a very heavy mater- ial. The fusion bomb, on the other hand, gets its deadly ef- fect by converting atoms of hy- drogen, which is extremely light, into atoms of helium. One more thing: It takes a fission bomb to set off a fu- sion bomb. It became known as early as last September that American scientists were work- ing on a relatively easy and in- expensive way of making fu- sion bombs out of the many fis- sion bombs already in exist- ence. The recent tests in the Pa- cific, together with official in- terpretations of them, indicate the scientists have had a large measure of success. H-TESTS CAUSE DEBATE: Churchill, Nehru Lead Opposite Schools By MARK READER The big question mark shrouding the hydrogen bomb in secrecy for overda year burst out upon the world during the week climaxed yesterday with the first official release of the bomb's destructive powers. And speculating on continued H-Bomb tests the world appeared sharply divided into two camps each debating the advisability of continuing thermonuclear experi- ments. * ,* * PRIME Ministers Churchill of England and Nehru of India came forth as the leading spokesmen. fOr opposing groups during the week. In a strongly worded state- ment issued Monday the Indian Prime Minister called for a quick end to all hydrogen bomb experiments. Nehru's plea apparently result- ed from reports that the H-bomb blast detonated March 1 in the Pacific had been more powerful than scientists anticipated. * * * BUT TWO DAYS later the Bri-. tish Prime Minister in an ans- wer to the Labor Party's demands that he, Churchill, use his influ- ence to call H-bomb experiments off, flatly asserted such tests were necessary for the defense of the free world. In his retort to the Labor Par- ty, Churchill said, the hydrogen bomb is "the greatest possible deterrent against the outbreak of World War III." At the same time, the aging Churchill, use his influence to call H-bomb experiments off, flatly asserted such tests were necessary+ for the dehnse of the free world. WINSTON CHURCHILL .. . tests needed Reactions to the March, 1953 blast also came from Secretary of DefensetCharles E. Wilson as he termed the effects of the so-called "run-away" explosion "unbeliev- able." But he added, "I don't think you should scare everybody so they can't sleep nights." LEWIS L. STRAUSS, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission returning from the Pacific H- zone early in the week tried to allay growing fears over the na- ture of the bomb's power by say- ing there was no reason for con- cern over the unexpected fury of the March 1 test. Preceding this statement Strauss revealed a second de- tonation had been carried out March 26 in the Pacific proving grounds. He declined coiment on the ex- tent of the test but maintained that the current series of explo- sions are prod,}cing "information highly important to national de- fense." Commenting further on the March 26 thermonuclear experi- ments two members of the Joint Congressional Atomic Committee said they understood "it was not as big" as the one of March 1. One of these members, Rep. Carl Hinshaw (R-Calif.) com- mented the free world "should thank god" that the United States was still able to test such weapons. Throughout the week national leaders stressed the fact that the hydrogen bomb can destroy civil- ization and possibly the world as well. Such was the essence of a statement by Dr. Charles Mayo, a United States delegate to the Uni- ted Nations. --Courtesy of Ann Arbor News TWENTY-FIVE MILE HIGH H-BOMB MUSHROOM OF 1952 FAR SURPASSES PREDECESSORS Atoic, rogen Bomb History Traced from '45 In his retort to the Labor Par- ty, Churchill said, the hydrogen bomb is "the greatest possible determent against the outbreak of World War III." At the same time, the aging Churchill told the British parlia- ment that he would seek out a Big Three conference in the near future but did not say whether he would ask inclusion of discus- sions of atomic and hydrogen bomb controls. But yesterday's publication of the first official pictures of H- bomb tests conducted in the Paci- fic in 1952 failed to reveal the ex- tent of the newest bombs' powers and the debate on the advisability of conducting more such experi- ments continued unabated. By FRAN SHELDON Atomic Bomb I 1 August 6, 1945 was fired "the blast heard 'round the world." On this day, with the dropping on Hiroshima of the world's first Atomic Bomb the world was swung from the Iron Age into what has since been termed the Atomic age. THE BOMB that cast "an im- penetrable - cloud of dust and smoke" over the target, masking it from observation for miles around was announced to the world on.thenmorning of the 6th by ex-President Harry S. Truman and War Secretary Henry L. Stim- son. It was reported to have more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. The president said that even more powerful forms were in production. On August 9 a second bomb was dropped on the Japanese base of Nagasaki. On the next day war- time use of the instrument was declared legal. Shortly thereaftgr moves to ban use of the bomb be- gan. * * * INFORMATION on the power of the weapon began to trickle out from official sources. The Japa- nese bombs killed a reported 70,- 000, wounding 120,000 more. Ques- tion was raised concerning the ul- timate dangers faced from radio- action and radioactive waves re- sulting from the bomb. In September and October controversy began concerning the United States monopoly of the A-bomb. Experts, led by Atomic scientist,Urey urged ei- ther banning of it or else the use of world control of all atom- 'ic information. This was refused by President Truman. In 1946 the United States and the United Nations both set up Atomic Energy Commissions to be used to develope the bomb and control its use. Concerning the re- lease of the secret of atomic en-; ergy, the United States maintain- ed that this information was un- der national control and could not ELUGELAB DESTROYED-Within a matter of moments fol- lowing the detonation of the first hydrogen bomb in 1952 the is- land (in black) was totally annihilated. The only evidence that the island ever existed is a crater filled with water with a dia- meter of about a mile. The maximum depth of the crater is 175 feet. The island of Sanil was also effected by the blast-part of it being destroyed. be released without consent of the United States government. * * * IN JULY of that year the first atomic tests were initiated in the Bikini Islands. Plans, fights, threats and counter-threats highlight the activity of the UN Atomic En- ergy Commission in 1947. Rus- sia demanded world control of the bomb. The U.S. refused. While no apparant progress was being made in international con- trol the Soviet Union in 1949 un- successfully demanded to know the existing stockpile of the U.S. Use of the A-bomb in Korea was urged late in 1949. * * * THE UNITED STATES for the first time became concerned with atomic defense and made weak ef- forts to police the skies. Eastern and Western coastal cities began planning civil defense programs. On August 16, 1951 it became known that the Soviet Union had a large stockpile of A-bombs. * * * - Hydrogen Bomb The first mention of the hydro- gen bomb was made Jan. 2, 1950 in a syndicated column by Joseph and Stewart Alsop. Twenty-nine days later former President Harry S. Truman or- dered the construction of the first American Hydrogen bomb. During this period Russian spokesman had continuously maintained such a bomb would be impossible to construct. TWO YEARS later, November, 1952, a Hydrogen bomb experiment took place at Eniwetok atoll, the pictures of which were released yesterday. Another followed March 1, 1953. Truman after having an- nounced the possibilities of con- structing an Hydrogen bomb and ordering that the United States' bulid such a weapon warned the Soviet Union Jan. 7, 1953 on the power of American atomic weapons. The ex-President told Premier Joseph Stalin that Communist ag- gression would lead to an era of atomic warefare. He said this would entail the use of U.S. atomic weapons "perhaps even dwarfing the hydrogen bomb." But since that time no mention of such weapons has been made. A PUBLIC demonstration of the effects of the atomic bomb on troops was held at Atomic Bomb Site, Nevada March 17, 1953. However, since that time it has been reported that the pow- er of ,the A-Bomb has been in- creased along with its more pow- erful counterpart in the Hydro- gen bomb. In view of the rapidly increasing potentials of destruction contain- ed in nuclear explosions President Dwight D. Eisenhower enunciated a plan for the control of atomic energy on a world-wide scale. Following the close of the Ber- muda Conference in 1953 the Pres- ident addressed a meeting of the United Nations December 8 and brought forth his new policy. THE PRESIDENT'S plan called for the pooling of atomic resources by all countries of the world and the using of such a pool for peace- ful purposes. At the same time he suggested that the atomic powers begin talks immediately on such a project without waiting for a system of inspection which had proved to be one of the major stumbling blocks in previous atomic discussions. The unique aspect of the speech was the fact that President Eisen- hower called for "private" talks among these powers. His address Western observers thought was aimed primarily at bringing Rus- sia into discussion to erase the tension created by atomic might on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Following this pronouncement secret discussions got underway in Washington between the Rus- sian ambassador to the United States and American officials. However, no word has been pub- lished to date of the context of these meetings or the decisions, Our Deb Shop Jr. Suits are cool, crease-resistant and comfortable Wispishans .. . crisp spun rayon with the look of linen and the yen to go places this summer. $1 95 B v, .( A. Trimly tailored toast, navy, coral, blue or natural- fitted suit with embroidered arrow detail. Sizes 7 to 15. B. Navy, dark grey, coral or toast fitted suit with contrasting cord piping and convertible collar. Sizes 7 to 15. C. Navy, coral, natural, J 4 1 " 'N ~ powder blue or yellow box suit with hand-stitched jacket detail. Sizes 7 to 15. D. High button, club collar two-tone suit. 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