PAGE FOUR THE illiCitItAAA bAtLT SUNDAY, MARCH 21, 1954 PAGE FOUR 'Iilk~ MitnibA'~ bAttY SUNDAY, MARCH ~1. 1954 Understand ig The H-Bomb THE HYSTERIA that customarily follows any new scientific phenomenon is fol- lowing short on the heels of the latest H- bomb explosion. This newest and as yet unfamiliar device is currently credited with being THE weapon that will wipe out man- kind. For the nearly nine years since the first atomic explosion at Hiroshima the various problems of strategy, morality and even practicability of further research on the bomb have been argued and re-argued. One of the most common solutions offer- ed for the entire situation has been the banning of test explosions for reasons of world security. On the surface this blanket blackball might appear to be the best and most humane means of controlling atomic mis-use, but un- til a number of essential and apparently in- soluble questions have been answered such a move will be strategically impossible for all groups concerned. The question of the inevitability of war as a result of an arms race is constantly raised. Although the obvious answer is that such races in the past have always precipitated a war, the problem must be explored further before a definite and conclusive decision can be reached concerning atomic research. Despite the fact that our current battle with the Soviet Union for atom mastery, if mixed with the proper amount of na- tional hysteria on either side, might very conceivably lead to a fatal war, would not the probability of a successful enemy at- tack be far greater should we discontinue atomic experimentation and thereby leave ourselves vulnerable for attack? Unless all nations could unite to form a blanket ban against wartime atomic use, it would be politically stupid for any one nation to risk getting behind in this race. Also, as- suming that such a ban could be put into effect, it is overly optimistic to hope that there could be enough mutual trust between groups with opposing interests to motivate them to form such an agreement, or once in it to stick to it. It has also been suggested that free exer- cise of experimentation be curtailed and ato- mic research be limited to paper work and speculation. The feeling is that man is playing around with a device of whose power he is com- pletely ignorant-that in his game of blind man'sbluff he will hit on a formula so successful it will make it possible to blow humanity clear out of the universe. Therefore to combat this possibility it has been suggested that scientific experiment be bridled and research be limited to the con- fines of the laboratory and the slide-rule. Such a plan has one essential flaw. This type of curtailment would allow mistakes on paper-mistakes like the underestimation of power evidenced before the last H-bomb test -to be carried through without detection. Misestimations of force or power and de- structive ability would remain intact to be magnified and multiplied as fiirther paper progress is made. This would bexfatal. Since we cannot depend on internalional diplomacy to guarantee abandonment of atomic warfare, it becomes essential if man is to practice successful self-preser- vation that as much be known of the ef- fects of atomic power as possible. To take a head in sand attitude is futile. We cannot ignore atomic power. We must therefore understand it. -Fran Sheldon CURRENT MOVIES_ At the Michigan... THE NAKED JUNGLE PRODUCER GEORGE PAL, who in the past has concentrated on interplanetary love stories, now turns to The Naked Jungle for inspiration. Pal's forte is action; unfor- tunately this picture has little of anything resembling it. Charleton Heston is a ungle plantation owner who weds a mail-order bride (Elea- nor Parker) by proxy. She comes to meet him at his home. It turns out to be a cross between a Roman palace and a Spanish castle. Heston even keeps a menagerie in which he has rare tropical animals. Through most of the picture they fight for various. reasons, mostly because Heston can't find anything wrong with Miss Parker. But every film needs something to bring estranged lovers together. This time it happens to be the Marabunta, a living death "two miles wide and twenty miles long." Really it's only a swarm of deadly jungle ants; but through fighting this terror they learn to love each other. To remind the viewer that the picture lakes place in South America, every few minutes a grunting native appears. There are also assorted shrunken heads, Indian ceremonies, and chattering monkeys. The background music consists mainly of drums; all the natives play the drums, you know. Heston's performance is remarkable. He manages to convey all emotions with one expression, a cross between determination and disgust. Actress Parker looks lovely in Edith Head negligees. She spends most of A WEAK SPOT: The Class Structure In East Germany (EDITOR'S NOTE: The following analysis of the class structure in East Germany was written by Peter Kalinke, a native of Breslau, Silesia, who is currently doing graduate work in socio- logy at the University. Before coming here, Ka- linkeahad lived in West Germany where he did sociological studies of East German and Soviet peoples.) By PETER KALINKE IF THERE is one stone missing in Soviet Russia's wall to the west, that stone is East Germany. From the beginning set up under a different occupation policy than that which determined the "inside" revolu- tions in most of the satellite countries, the political machinery in East Germany has been moved in from outside-Moscow. But it is not only the political structure that has been altered. The new class structure as well bears examination. The territory of the so-called German Democratic Republic occupies 23% of the territory of Germany in 1935. Of the total amount of land in East Germany, only 10% is not agricultural or forest land. Thus can be seen the lack of industry at the time of the establishment of the re- public-the lack of which bothers the Soviets considerably when they look at the highly developed industrial areas in West Germany. The population in 1946, the last census, was 18.3 million people. Three and a half million were refugees from the separated countries behind the so-called "Oder-Neisse Line," the district belonging now to Russia and Poland. But since this census, hundreds of thousands of East Germans from all so- cial classes and occupations have escaped to West Berlin. Sometimes they have come in large numbers per day: whole families, with suitcases in hand, riding horses over the border, with trucks loaded with sheep, tools and furniture beside them. For the most part, the East-Germans to- day are farmers. Through the collectivation programs, most of the farmers lost their ground or had to work in small farms, and because of government pressure to fulfill the high tributes on agricultural products, not only are thousands of farms without people, but the government is unable to cultivate all the land under its regime. Paranthetical- ly, middle Germany was one of the best cultivated farm areasin Central Europe be- fore 1945. Another policy of the Soviets has been to take the larger landholders land away and hand it over to the proletarians. This policy also failed. Neither the collec- tive farmers nor these new farmers could fulfill the government ordered tribute-norm so they were forced to escape to the West. The farmer is still very opposed to so- cialization and his cultural background is deep enough rooted in anti-totalitarianism to prevent him from being overthrown by the Nazis or even the much weake Com- munists. And the former followers of the Nazi-regime among the farmers are no longer in a powerful position, because they as "great-farmers," either had to leave the country or be put behind a fence. In West Germany, they are bare of any social strength or position. As for the poor farm- ers, they are disillusioned and working for their own existence, without any be- lief in the coming of the great paradise- the paradise of proletarian workers and farmers. In the few urban communities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, the leading class from the social standpoint is made up of manual workers. Before the second World War, the capitals of the thirteen adminis- trative districts established by the Soviets were cultural and trade centers of the rural hinterland. Today the Communists are try- ing to renew a Titoistic experiment, in at- tempting to convert a farm country into an industrialized area, regardless of the price the peope have to pay for it. After the war, the Soviets practically shifted the whole optical, toolmaking and watchmaking indus- tries from the occupied country to the Soviet Union. In 1949, I spent several days in Stalingrad unloading German railroad cars with various kinds of high-grade machines. Most of them were already ruined. And to- day, they remain where we stacked them- nobody knows how to use most of them. At any rate, this part of the Soviet occupa- tion policy was definitely a short-sighted one. But back to the working class. It was a big shock for Moscow on June 17, 1953 to see that the best part of its idealistic dream -the proletarians-stood up against its re- gime and fought with bare hands against tanks and guns. So the Grotewohl regime had misspeculated and its internal policy had failed. Sure, for the Soviets it was a "putsch," handled by American capitalistic underground ban'dits. But the whole popu- lation in the East zone knew better; it was the people, the workingmen who could no longer stand the police-spy system, the ration and classification red-tape, the pres- sure of the work norm and the tremendous open bribing of party bosses. I should like to say here that the Western world should try to understanduthat it is impossible for a nation to exist under two dictators in a relatively short time. Hitler: well, the work- er was a victim of his own economic and nationalistic desires. But the war and its aftermath changed his opinions about a totalitarian regime completely. And then came Stalin, Grotewohl: oh, the red flag. This was too much. The middle class in the East zone com- prises today some merchants and larger handicraft plant owners who remain, be- cause without them the supply of consum- er goods would be even worse than it is now. Other middle class elements are a few government officials and the intelli- gence-workers, officially called the "head proletarians." But this middle class is no more the old one of 1935. The former so- cial structure broke down completely. The new middle class was established by the Communistic government, controlled and regulated through the various spy and secret police institutions. Your bank ac- count, just like your free time, is all taken care of by a piece of paper in any com- munity Communist party cell. The middle class is the most dangerous for the gov- ernment-here they find some "capitalis- tic, imperialistic" elements. Finally we come to the upper class, the creme de lacreme. They drive in big cars, buy in special shops without ration cards, speak their own language-the Marxist dia- lectism-and carefully avoid any mistake which could be misregarded by their house police-the Soviet High Commissioner in Berlin-Karlshorst. It is no longer a ques- tion that they rule with the power of a secret police and a party-system which is in itself well structured, but so weak that without the Soviet occupation forces there would have been more outbreaks than there have so far. To be afraid from above and from under you is a typical psychological illness-and not a merely imagined one. The Soviets realize the weak structure of their proletarian paradise; they know about the anti-Soviet opinions of 85% of the East-German people; they know the number of peoples-police officers and sci- entists and party leaders who did and will escape, day by day. And they know also that once there is an opportunity for the East Germans, regardless of whether they now follow any "democratic" parties or not, to show their true opinion, the whole play would end. A play with an iron- hand director, but with hungry and wait- ing players. I have written about the class-structure in the so-called "classless society." I will next deal with the cultural and economic aspects in this part of the Soviet block- ::ertainly one of the weakest points in the cold-war policy of Russia. "Any Time For This Speaking Engagemnent? TEST MON raw MI ) r .C9 r E t 4Olt tettePJ TO THE EDITOR The Daily welcomes communications fromits readers on matters of general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion ot the editors. i ,. i, i , I ;" + 1 1 4 -' - ' TIHE WEEK ON CAMPUS_ AS UNIVERSITY alumni immersed themselves in preparations for 137th anniversary celebrations, a "gentlemen's agreement" in the Detroit University Club barred a Negro student leader from speaking to an alumni meeting there. One of the other two campus leaders who spoke to the Detroit Alumni Club Board of Governors session declared he would recom- mend a change in the speakers bureau policy so that in the future students would be sent where all students-or none at all-could talk. * -* * * COED CHICAGO HOUSE-After hearing student opinion on the question of converting more men's residence halls to women's use, the Residence Halls Board of Governors endorsed the continuance of Chi- cago House in West Quadrangle as a coed housing unit for another year. They postponed action on conversion of Fletcher House until May 15 when enrollment figures for the fall semester will be more ac- curately tallied. s * * * DRIVING BAN PETITIONS-More than 2,600 students signed aI Student Legislature petition calling for immediate Regents' action on the driving ban. The petition signers "overwhelmingly" favored modification in the present car ban restrictions and requested some word from the Regents on the four alternate proposals presented to the Board last year. The Legislature presented the signatures to University President Harlan H. Hatcher Friday but with two Regents absent, the Board did not take up the touchy issue. * * * * STUDENT ACTIVITIES CENTER--The Activities building moved one step closer to reality as the Regents referred the $2,350,000 center to University administration officers. , Study by the officials will concentrate on problems of the build- ing's location, financing and relation to the University's entire con- struction program, * * * * ACADEMIC CALENDARING-Final examination calendaring for this year was settled by the Dean's Conference when the group voted for classes to end Thursday, May 27, with final exams beginning Sat- urday. Friday will be a "dead" day. But the literary school faculty held that by next year a com- plete reconsideration of the whole problem is absolutely necessary. Taking into consideration favorable results from the two-year trial extended Thanksgiving holiday, the Deans voted to retain the four-day vacation for another two years.j At the same time, SL endorsed a proposal to hold special electionsj May 5 and 6 to gather student opinion on the final exam calendaring issue. Referenda in that balloting will include various alternative plans for the controversial exam schedule. -Becky Conrad DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETmIN .Ieligion Course... To the Editor: WHEN CANON B. I. Bell of the Episcopal Church visited the Uni- versity community in 1952, he stat- ed his conviction that religious knowledge, as contrasted to relig- ious belief, is necessary to a well- balanced education. Pursuing this thought, a joint S.L.-S.R.A.-Inter- guild student committee studied this question, and submitted a re-I port to the University Administra- tion, Our report recommended courses in comparative religion, philoso- phy of religion, history of Christi- anity and Judaism, etc., with the end sought being understanding rather than belief, though, of course, belief may well result from understanding. We hoped that a basic course could be taught at the beginning level, not as a re- quirement, but as an alternative fulfillment of a group requirement. We did not feel that teachers of such courses could be neutral to- wards religion, just as we do not expect political scientists to hold no political views, or economists economic views. We pointed out that over 60 per cent of the state universities and colleges of the country have such courses, and that here at the University, in 1951-2, over 75 per cent of the students expressed specific relig- ious preferences. The report was submitted to and. approved by the Catholic, Protes- tant and Jewish clergy of Ann Ar- bor. Copies of the report are avail- able at Lane Hall, SL, and Can- terbury Club. The Student Legisla- ture approved it with only four dis- senting votes. The Student Relig- ious Association backed it unani- mously save one. Interguild unan- imously endorsed the report. Pres- ident Hatcher indicated- his full sympathy with such a program. Dean Thuma of the Literary Col- lege accepted our report, and at a large meeting of the Literary Col- lege Conference, he promised im- plementation of the program, as finances permitted. A permanent faculty committee was established for this purpose. As former chairman of this student committee, I sincerely hope that Edwin Robinson and others who appreciate the vital role of religion in past and con- temporary life will work towards the goals expressed in the report. Certainly my departure from the University has not decreased my interest in the program. -Pvt. Alan Berson, '52 Co-Op Standards*... deuces as a gourmet's delight. The preparation of good, wholesome, simple foods-the type served in all student residences-basically re quires time, a good cook book, a little understanding, and some of that nebulous "common sense." This is not beyond the scope of many university students. It can be and is achieved in co-ops every day. Where a difference exists, the food served in co-ops is su- perior to that in University resi- dences, both as to quality and quantity. In the hidden recess of Mr. Kap- lan's article I detect some note of "sympathy," some attempt to prompt "aid" to co-ops; however, it is aid of the type that one gives a "friend" by relieving him of his head. -George N. Queeley * * * Co-ops To The Editor: A CONSIDERABLE number of us at the Michigan Cooperative House were quite provoked by Mr. Kaplan's editorial in the March 19th issue of The Daily. We feel that a few facts concerning the nature of the cooperative organi- zation should be made clear. The I. C. C. legally owns all co-ip property. It acts as a co- ordinating body in problmes deal- ing with public relations, quantity purchasing, social functions, and other matters where central or- ganization has been found to be most effective. Each house is re-, quired to contribute a set propor- tion of fees and labor to the func- tioning of the I. C. C. Each house is required to set aside a stated proportion of their annual income to rover maintenance and depre- ciation costs. Aside from this, the I. C. C., constitutionally, has no control over the functioning of the individual houses. The members of each hous eset their fees them- selves, and decide themselves how and when their maintenance shall be done. The practice of allowing the members of each house to govern themselves completely and democratically is the direct out- growth of one of the basic tenets of the Rochdale Cooperative Move- ment, was written into our origin- al constitution, and is what we, the members want. This self de- termination could not, for obvious reasons, be maintained if univer- sity assistance were accepted. It is up to each prospective member to decide whether or not he wants to live under this setup. We would not for a moment wish to deny Mr. Kaplan the right not to be a member. However, we feel that nothing is served, and that we are greatly hampered in our efforts to give the general campus y To The Editor: populace a true picture of the pos- SCHOOSE to answer one David sibiities of cooperative living when Kaplan's "The Janus-Faced.Co- an individual who does not wish, SinceespTheJais-antidgC Ipersonally, to become affiliated s" ince se is wh atigs Iwith an organization makes use shall limit myself to the article's of The Daily editorial columns to treatment of the food situation give a single viewpoint condemna- within our walls since I am most tion of the procedures of that or- familiar with this aspect of co-opgano r. living. In regard to. co-ops Mr. Kaplan claims via quotes that --Edward Burrows "where living expenses are kept House Manager, ON THE Washington Merry-Go-Round ? with DREW PEARSON ii X11! WASHINGTON-The man upon whom the White House is relying for advice on the prickly, unpredictable Senator from Wiscon- sin is a handsome, mild-mannered young le- gal disciple of Governor Dewey-William P. Rogers, deputy attorney general. Rogers first got to know McCarthy when Joe was a very junior member of the Sen- ate Investigations Committee back in 19- 49 and when Rogers was counsel for that committee. The Democrats were in com- mand then, but they retained the able Mr. Rogers even though he was a Dewey Re- publican, and even though Truman had just defeated Dewey. BRAIN-WASHING IN GUATEMALA JUST HOW serious the Communist infil- tration of Guatemala has become is illus- trated in a recent report by the Inter-Ameri- can Regional Organization, an AFL affiliate which tells how the Guatemalan government is condoning "brain-washings" of anti-Com- munists in labor unions. The "brain-wash- ings" follow the pattern used on American prisoners in Korea. An AFL Inter-American investigator, Robert . Alexander. who made an on- the-scene probe of conditions in the little Latin-American hotbox, reported cases of anti-Communist labor leaders in Guate- mala being arrested, tortured and deport- ed. Here are some highlights of Alexan- der's findings: "Government support for the Communists in the labor movement was dramatically shown late in January when the leaders of the Union Nacional De Trabajadores Libres were arrested. The UNTL had been organ- ized some months before as a center for anti-Communist elements in the Guatemalan trade union movement. "As a result," the Alexander report con- tinues, "the leaders of the UNTL were sud- denly arrested on the morning of January 25. "They were held for several days, during which they were frequently moved from one place to another in Guatemala City. During this period they were subjected to the most brutal tortures, including the 'cold bath' treatment, incessant interrogation, threats of death, severe beatings. "Ruben Villatoro, president of the UNTL, was deported to Tapachula, across the hnrd.r:in Movin A hs x-.imior a is (Continued from Page 2) Young Friends Fellowship. Meet at 5::45 p.m. at Lane Hail for rides to the Dunhams, Grace Bible Guild. Sunday School class meets at 10 a.m., with Dr. Pike leading a study in the Book of Romans. Guild supper at 6 p.m. Welcome. Evangelical and Reformed Guild, Bethlehem Church. Discussion : "A Christian Approach to Economic Prob- lems," led by Prof. S. Peterson, Eco- nomics Department. Michigan Christian Fellowship. Rev. Donald Frisk, North Park College, Chi- cago, will speak on the subject "Is the Resurection Important? 4 p.m., Lane Hall. All studentsare invited; refresh- ments will be served, Unitarian Student Group, Unitarian Church, 7:30 p.m. Discussion on Action Against Prejud-ce. Those needing trans- portation, meet at Lane Hall, 7:15 p.m. Lutheran Student Club. Meet at the Center at 5:20 p.m. and leave to join the Presbyterian Student Guild for sup- per and program. Roger Williams Guild. Student Class discusses "what Students Can Believe About War," 9:45 a.m. Guild Meeting, 6:45 p.m. Professor Frank L. H-untley will compare concepts of the Bible with those of Milton's "Paradise Lost." Gamma Delta, Lutheran Student Club. Supper at 6 p.m. At 7 p.m., pro- gram of Lenten organ music, with Mr. E. W. Hitzemann of Saginaw, guest or- ganist. Congregational-Disciples Guild. Meet- ing at the Congregational Church to hear Rev. George Barger speak on "What Is Sin?" 7 p.m. SL Pre-Election Open House. For best representation meet the candidates at the Pre-Election Open House this after- noon, 3-5. Everyone welcome. pis" and "The Sorcerer" in the League at 7::15. Informal Folk Sing at Muriel Lester Co-op House, 900 Oakland, on Sun., Mar. 21, at 8 p.m. Everybody invited! Coming Events The Pre-Medical Society will meet on Tues., Mar. 23, at 7:30 p.m. in Angell Hall Auditorium C. A movie, "Handling and Care of the Patient," will be shown following which Dr. Robert Goldsmith, M.D., of University Hospital, and Dr. Bruno Meinecke, Ph.D., of the Classical Studies Department, will speak. All pre-meds are urged to atend and bring their friends. Lydia Mendelssohn Box Office will open at 10 a.m. Monday for the sale of tickets for the Department of Speech production of Shakespeare's The Tam- ing of the Shrew, Thurs., Fri. and Sat., Mar. 25, 26, and 27 at 8 p.m. in the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre. Tickets are available at $1.50 - $1.20 - 90c with the special student rate of 75c in effect opening night. All seats are reserved. Bus Trip to the Van Gogh Exhibition at Toledo. On Thurs., Mar. 25, the Fine Arts Department is sponsoring a trip to the Van Gogh Exhibition at the To- ledo Museum. University buses will leave from the Union at 1 p.m., returning rto the campus about 6 p.m. Cost of trip $2.00, including entrance fee. All students are welcome. Reservations must be made at the Office of the De- partment of Fine Arts, 206 Tappan Hall, by Tues., Mar. 23. Economics Club, 8 p.m., Wed., Mar. 24, West Conference Room, Rackham IBuilding. Professor Tjalling C. Koop- - mans Research Director of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, will speak on "The Allocation of Indi- visible Resources." All staff members and graduate students in Economics and Business Administration are es- pecially urged to attend. All others cor- dially invited. at a minimum, the food is notf necessarily the best." Allow me to delay comment on Mr. Kaplan's choice of a standard while I pre- sent a few facts. I am sure that we will agree that meat is a major component in the diet of most individuals in our society. As chance has it, we, "sub- standard" co-opers, also fit into this category of meat-eaters. Someone casually familiar with meat purchasing might argue that it is the grade that counts. In beef, lamb, and veal, there are four and five different grades. In all meats-save pork which I am told has only one-the top two grades are "U.S. Choice" and "U.S. Good." That grade which is pur- chased by co-op houses is "U.S. Good," and occasionally "U.S. Choice." Since Mr. Kaplan obviously uses ither student residences as a stan- dard of this comparison, shall we compare facts? Our local dealers serve not only co-ops but a large majority of those other campus residences which are independent, of the University's Food Service, including most fraternities and sororities. He further quotes that "With responsible, paid cooks, meals would be better than with student cooks." Although cooking is gen- erally reputed to be an art, I doubt that even the most untutored epi- curean would consider the handi-' work of cooks in University resi- Union. Prof. Moise will speak on "How to Avoid Calculations in Calculus." All interested are invited to attend. Gilbert and Sullivan Society. There will be a rehearsal tomorrow night for Michigan Cooperative House Sixty-Fourth Year Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications.. Editorial Staff Harry Lunn...........Managing Editor Eric 'Vetter._............... City Editor virginia Voss.......Editorial Director Mike Wolff........Associate City Editor Alice B. Silver..Assoc. Editorial Director Diane Decker .......... Associate Editor Helene Simon.......... Associate Editor Ivan Kaye...............Sports Editor Pau Greenberg....Assoc. Sports Editor Marilyn Campbell ...Women's Editor Kathy Zeisler....Assoc. Women's Editor Chuck Kelsey ......Chief Photographer Business Staff Thomas Traeger...Business Manager William Kaufman Advertising Manager Harlean Hankin....Assoc. Business Mgr. william Seiden........Finance Manager Don Chisholm.....Circulation Manager Telephone NO 23-24-1 Ir I. Yw Member ASSOCIATED COLLEGIATE PRESS I I I i