PAGE FOUR

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1953

,.


IT SEEMS TO ME
By ALICE B. SILVER France, the governments of West Ger-
Associate Editorial Director many and Italy are controlled by those
THAT THE United States' agreement with parties perceived to be "on the Western
Franco Spain is now a fait accompli side" or favorable to this country, and
will not and should not stem severe criti- simultaneously opposed to the fascist ele-
cism of this act from American and Euro- ments in their respective countries. Im-
pean quarters. plied United States support of fascist Spain
Although the official reasons for the adds fuel to the fire for the fascist parties
agreement are military, the by-products of in Italy and West Germany and weakens
the accord cannot be brushed aside in the te anti-fascist forces.
name of defense or security. Along this same line it seems safe to spec-
First we must dispense of the sop thrown ulate that Russia would not, if given the
to Franco opponents that, in view of our opportunity, conclude an agreement with
alliances with West Germany and Yugo- Franco. Certainly the communists realize
slavia, it is at best naive to oppose a their potential in Europe and the disastrous
U.S.-Spanish agreement. The government effects an alliance with Spanish fascism
of Western Germany is a diffeent one would have upon the Party's efforts. Per-
than that of Nazi Germany in terms of haps the State Department has forgotten
goals and principles and is not now con- the very pertinent fact of the European Pop-
trolled by elements foreign to democracy. ular Front of the thirties and its appeal to
As for our alliance with Tito's govern- the workers to join with communism to fight
ment, the State Department has made it fascism. Faced again with real choices be-
clear that all agreements with commu- tween communism and fascism, the Euro-
nist Yugoslavia are based solely on ex- pean has not forgotten.
pediency and no attempt has been made * * * *
to glorify Tito as a friend of democracy. ANOTHER consideration to be weighed is
On the other hand, the powerful Franco the economic aid itself which we have
lobby in Washington has created an aura promised Franco. This aid is not given to a
of virtue and respect around the corrupt geographic area-the area in which the
ruler of Spain to the extent that he is per- bases are to be built-but to a specific gov-
ceived as the Great Champion against Com- ernment-Franco's government. With a
munism. The signers of the Franco agree- record of corruption, graft and dishonesty,
ment have, unintentionally perhaps, per- this government is not-to be trusted. Putting
petuated an attitude that there exists some aid into Franco's hands might well be like
community of interest between the Spanish dumping funds into Chiang Kai Shek's Na-
.government and the United States. tionalist lap during the Chinese civil war-
The effects of this especially on the Eur- through such corruption and mismanage-
opean community will be far flung and not ment much of American aid fell into the
inconsequential when viewed in the totality hands of the Communists. This is not to
of American foreign policy and the interna- say that Franco will give American dollars
tional situation. to Communism. It is to say that the United
It should be common knowledge that States will be aiding a government which
the average European worker, given the they have little control over and which is
experiences of World War II and the years completely unreliable.
preceeding it, is more sensitive to the In addition our economic aid, it is readily
dangers of fascism than communism. admitted by this government, will serve to
Take France as an example. The fading further entrench a government which is
away of De Gaulle's party signifies the in- patterned on and has received major im-
ability of fascism to gain even a respectable petus from the political schemes of Hitler
number in France while on the other side and Mussolini.
of the French Communists are making fast As for the strictly military point of
inroads into the population. The general view, this writer is not equipped to dis-
strike in France last.month demonstrated cuss the details of defense strategy. How-
among other things the divergence between ever, it should be pointed out that th ,a
the capitalists and the workers. This is rele- has been much debate among the mili-
vent to the question of communism's poten- tary as to the advisability of Spanish
tial in France in that the concept of in- bases. Some experts have pointed out that
dustry and labor striving towards a com- the bases under construction in North
mon goal is imperative to a democratic phil- Africa would serve to protect the same
osophy. The low 'living standard ;of the area and at the same time avoid an al-
French worker plus this way in which he liance with Franco. At any rate, the ques-
views capitalism help enormously the cause tion of bases in Spain as imperative to our
of communism in France. defense program is still an open question.
Our alliance with fascist Spain will have And because it is an open question, the
its effects in Germany and Italy too al- alliance of the United States government
though in a different respect than in with a man of Franco's color can be viewed
France. While the fascist potential in only with despair for those concerned with
these countries is much greater than in the total scheme of international affairs.
Disunified Europe Grapples
With Political Organization

MATTER OF FACT
By STEW-ART ALSOP
WASHINGTON-In the last few weeks,
and especially since the President's re-
turn from his vacation, there has been a
tremendous coming and going in Washing-
ton, an undercurrent of excitement, a sense
of being on the eve of great decisions.
Last Thursday, the National Security
Council held its most publicized meeting
since it was formed. The purpose of this
meeting-to consider the Soviet air-ato-
mic threat to this country-was well re-
ported. Two speeches, the first by the
Secretary of State and the second by the
President, served to highlight the impor-
tance of the second by the President,
served to highlight the importance of the
meeting.
Secretary Dulles told the United Nations
that the means had been discovered to "wipe
life off the surface of this planet." And,
Eisenhower, in his Boston speech, stated
that "the enemies of freedom are equipped
with the most terrible weapons of destruc-
tion." He told the country that "there is no
sacrifice-no labor, no tax, no service-too
hard for us to bear" in order to deal with
this threat.
Meanwhile, plans for "Operation Candor"
have been under constant review. A "White
House source" officially confirmed that the
President had decided that it was time for
the people to know the truth. This source
even volunteered that the public release of
the motion picture of the explosion of the
world's first hydrogen bomb was being con-
sidered. The significance of this is suggest-
ed zy the fact that the mere existence of
this terrifying movie, which shows the total
disappearance of a large island under the
bomb's impact, had previously been the top-
pest of top secrets.
Since the final decisions have not been
taken, it is too early to say what manner of
animal all this laboring of mountains may
produce. But it begins to seem that the
end result may be a mouse-a rather large
mouse, but a mouse all the same.
Obviously, all the evidence rather clear-
ly suggested that the country was to be
asked to embark on a great national effort
to build up the defenses of the continent.
In fact, one firm decision appears to have
been taken. An attempt will be made to
build an effective early warning system
against airborne attack. This system
seems likely to be established on the so-
called McGill line across northern Can-
ada, with extra protection provided by
radar-equipped picket ships on the Pa-
cific and Atlantic flanks.
An early warning system was the first
step towards an effective continental de-
fense recommended by the Project Lincoln
group, and all the committees which have
followed it. Such a system, when complete,
will provide sufficient warning for our great
target cities so that evacuation, at least, may
be attempted. It will also greatly increase
the effectiveness of our totally inadequate
existing air defense. It will, moreover, be
relatively cheap. At least for the first year,
the cost of the radar installations alone
should be no more than a fraction of a bil-
lion dollars.
This will be, in short, a highly useful
first step. But the vital second step-an
all-out program to provide the country
with the means to respond effectively to
the warning-now seems unlikely to be
undertaken. The reasons against such a
program advanced by the highest De-
fense Department policy-makers may be
briefly and objectively listed as follows:
1. Bar national mobilization, little more
can be done to beef up our air defenses than
is already contemplated. Much of the
equipment proposed in the Lincoln Project
report and subsequent reports is still on the

drawing boards-or even no more than a
gleam in the eyes of the scientists. To go
all-out now would mean buying a lot of
obsolescent equipment in order to give the
country a false sense of security.
2. Manpower, not money, is now the real
limiting factor. The Air Force, like the
other services, is reaching the bottom of
the post-Korea manpower barrel. It is no
use buying a lot of equipment if there are
not enough trained men to use it.
3. The proponents of an all-out conti
nental defense effort themselves agree
that the system they advocate is useless
against the ballistic missile. The United
States hopes to have long range missiles
for nuclear delivery by 1960. We must not
expect that the Soviet will be far behind--
if behind at all. Indeed, one study pre-
pared for the Joint Chiefs establishes 19-
57-58 as the earliest likely date for the
first Soviet ballistic missiles. Therefore
it would be unwise to make a great na-
tional effort in a continental defense sys-
tem which will be rendered obsolete soon
after it is created.
There is no doubt a certain cogency in all
three of these points. Yet they amount to
accepting a Soviet capability to devastate
the United States in the rather near future.
The final decision rests, of course, with the
President. As he ponders all the difficul-
ties-technical, fiscal, human, political he
might do well to bear in mind the words of
an old friend. "Survival," Winston Chur-
chill remarked during the war, "can be an

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/ette6J TO THE EDITOR
The Daily welcomes communications from its readers on matters of
general interest, and will publish all letters which are signed by the writer
and in good taste. Letters exceeding 300 words in length, defamatory or
libelous letters, and letters which for any reason are not in good taste will
be condensed, edited or withheld from publication at the discretion of the
editors.

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Committee Vi8t *.
To the Editor:
THE HOUSE Un-American Acti-
vities Committee has announ-
ced its intention of coming to Mi-
chigan on November 30.
A visit by the Committee cer-
tainly bodes no good for the stu-
dents and faculty of the Univer-
sity of Michigan. Although the
McCarthyites protest much about
rooting and "Communist think-
ers," they do not hesitate to at-
tack, smear and attempt to des-
troy anybody-but anybody-who
does no swallow McCarthy's bait
in toto. Professor Lattimore, Gen-
eral Marshall and Ambassador
Bohlen can bear witness to this!
fact.
Representative Velde is the
chairman of the Un-American
Committee. His views on educa-
tion are really interesting! On
January 30, 1952, he introduced
a bill into the House, which, ac-
cording to the "Digest of Public
General Bills" "Provides that the
Librarian of Congress shall as
soon as practicable after the date
of the enactment of these provi-
sions compile a full and complete
list of all subversive matter in the
Library of Congress. Such list
shall be made available without

cost to all libraries in the United
States for hteir guidance in clas-
sifying, marking, and segregating
subversive matter."
It goes without saying that
when someone banishes part of
human knowledge to the under-
world of "fingered" ideas, con-
flict of opinion is outlawed, and
wit hit, liberal education.
A fancy picture! Guilt by as-
sociation with books! And this
man wants to investigate ieduca-
tion.
We believe that the Committee
should be kept out of Michigan.
We further believe that should
the Committee insist on coming
despite all efforts to make it un-
welcome, that it is a patriotic ob-
ligation to ref'use to be a party
to its "work," that anyone who
refuses to cooperate retain his full
rights as citizen, student or teach-
er intact.
We finally believe that every ef-
fort should be made to secure due
process for all persons hailed be-
fore the Committee, including a
bill of particulars as to charges,
right to face accusers and of at-
torney to cross examine such ac-
cusers and other witnesses, and
right of the accused to present his
position in full.
-Mike Sharpe, Chairman
Labor Youth League

9

ON THE
WASHINGTON
MERRY-GO-ROUND
WITH DREW PEARSON

1111

-, By J. M. ROBERTS, JR.
AP News Analyst
SERIOUS FRENCH Cabinet split and
an Italian demand for a Trieste settle-
ment are the latest monkey wrenches in the
efforts of European diplomats to form a
supranational governing body for the Eu-
ropean Coal and Steel Community and the
projected European Defense Community.
Deputy foreign ministers or France,
Belgium, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg and
West Germany are going ahead with the
drafting of a charter for the political or-
ganization, but in an atmosphere of
when-when if not actually never-never.
Of the three larger nations involved, only
West Germany is enthusiastic.
Frances nationalists are not ready to yield
any sovereignty and have threatened to
disrupt the Cabinet unless Foreign Minister
Georges Bidault comes up with a new policy
before Act. 20, when the foreign ministers
are to meet to consider the proposed draft.
At the opening of the Rome drafting
conference, Premier Pella said Italy could-
n't go along with unification until the fu-
ture of Trieste was determined.
To complicate the situation, the Bene-
lux countries-Belgium, Holland and Lux-
C U R RN
At the State . .
RETURN TO PARADISE, with Gary
Cooper.
HERE ARE many happy natives on this
picture's fictitious Polynesian island.
Nevertheless the audience has to face long
stretches of boredom as maddening as any-
thing a thoroughly deserted isle could pro-
duce.
The paradise to which Gary Cooper is
to return when old and broken is far
from heavenly when he visits it as a young
man, ten years before the war. By de-
vious methods, a fire and brimstone min-
ister has obtained the governorship of
the little islan'd and established a reign

embourg-have injected the suggestion
that, while they are at it, the charter
should provide for a customs union and
extension of the coal and steel control
system into other economic fields.
The opposition of the French Degaullists
to the political union is a part of their op-
position to surrender of French sovereignty
to the proposed defense community.
The idea of the unificationists is that the
nations must have an international parlia-
ment to supervise the fields in which they
have pooled, or plan to pool, their interests.
Thus EDC, if formed, would come under a
civil' control which woudl also make the
Coal and Steel Community, now standing
alone, a subsidiary.
The injection of the Trieste issue as a
prerequisite. to agreement probably re-
presents a more concrete roadblock than
the political opposition in France. Yugo-
slavia shows no slightest sign of relin-
quishing her claim to most of the terri-
tory outside the port city, which she pro-
poses to internationalize.
There is no prospect that any Italian gov-
ernment will be strong enough politically
to run the risk of letting go at any of the
points across the Adriatic which are centers
of Italian population or business interests.
r MAQ'/IES
Nor is he converted. But the people get
their leader when he goes berserk over the
ill treatment his native girl friend suffers
at the hands of the wardens.
Inevitably, a more personal conversion is
in store for him. Will he marry the trusting
native maiden or not? Obligingly, the girl
dies in childbirth just as he reaches the
proper decision, and Cooper becomes a wan-
derer once more.
There is nothing new in this story, but
it is as prettily told as most versions.
With his return, however, there is a
bungled, rushed attempt to establish ob-
vious parallels in the romance of a strand-
ed pilot and Cooper's daughter. The old
fly-by-night Cooper emerges as a true

WASHINGTON-It isn't supposed to leak out, but Georgia's stern3
Sen. Dick Russell, leader of the Southern Democrats, wrote a
blistering, four-page letter to Secretary of Defense Wilson, taking
him over the verbal coals for his softness towards POW collaborators.
' A power in the Senate and No. 1 Democrat on the Armed Services
Committee, Russell angrily demanded dishonorable discharges for
POWs who signed false confessions or turned informer on their
fellow prisoners.
This is the inside reason why Wilson suddenly shifted to a
tougher attitude toward the prisoners. Previously he had taken
the advice of the Armed Forces Policy Council, which argued that
some prisoners had been tortured and brain-washed beyond en-
durance and were not mentally responsible for their actions. Asa
a result, he ordered the Armed Services to consider each case
separately and sympathetically.
In his private letter to Wilson, the Georgia senator declared:
"If we are again compelled to take up arms in our defense with,
the idea prevalent that the Department of Defense does not dis-
tinguish between those who resisted heroically to the last breath as
compared with the collaborators and false confessors, I do not see how1
we can expect the young men from 18 to 25, who must figlft our wars,
to measure up to what will be expected of them.
"Permit me to suggest," Russell continued, "that it is most impor-
tant that either you or the President or the head of one of the de-
fense agencies or some member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff make some
statement which will let every young American serviceman and young
men who will soon be in the service clearly understand that our gov-
ernment strongly disapproves of both collaborators and false con-
fessors.
"My views may be extreme," Russell added forcefully, "but I be-
lieve that those who collaborated and the signers of false confes-
sions should be immediately separated from the service under condi-
tions other than honorable . . . . it is evident that the defense agen-
cies under your direction hold other views."
The Georgian also telephoned Adm. Arthur Radford, Chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and gave him the same view. The Admiral
listened sympathetically, but passed the buck to Wilson.
NOTE-The United States has asked the British to crack down
on Alan Winnington, correspondent for the London Daily Worker,
who helped torture American fliers into confessing a part in "germ
warfare."
WASHINGTON WHIRL
SENATE LABOR chairman Alex Smith has urged the White House
not to name a new Secretary of Labor until Congress comes back.
He argues that it will give opponents too much time to dig up ammu-
nition against the appointee before he can be confirmed . . . Senator
McCarthy's boy wonder, Roy Cohn, has been trying to shush up the
fact that he was once almost fired from the Justice Department. His,
father, a Democratic politician, pulled strings to get young Roy ap-
pointed to the New York district attorney's office. But the D. A.,
Myles Lane, soon had enough of him and threatened to fire him.
Again the elder Cohn pulled Democratic strings, and then-Attorney
General Jim McGranery transferredf Roy out of Lane's jurisdiction.
But McGranery also became fed up with the young man and notified
him bluntly that he had two days to get out. Roy begged to be kept
on, however, until he could transfer to McCarthy's committee . ..
Another McCarthy assistant, Don Surine, was fired from the FBI for
conspiring with a lady in a white slavery case. This is a matter of
sworn testimony in the U.S. district court.
TROOPS OUT OF GERMANY
IN A DRAMATIC though secret bid to end the cold war before it
erupts into an atomic-hydrogen war, German and Austrian dip-
lomats have urged a new peace-by-negotiation plan. They have
sounded out Russia and the United States about withdrawing their
forces from Germany and Austria.
The idea would be to break off contact between Russia and Am-
erican foices in Europe, thereby reducing friction. Both sides would
pull out of central Europe. Germany and Austria, in turn, would then
guarantee strict neutrality in the power struggle between east and
west.
The British, anxious to reduce tension in Europe, seem to
favor the plan. They are talking about combining it with a non-
aggression pact, which would bring an armistice in the cold war.
Fearful that the U.S. may not go along, the British will move to
reduce the strains on Anglo-American unity by lining up more with
U.S. policy in the Far East.
This is the first time Germany and Austria have taken the ini-
tiative in diplomatic negotiations since the end of World War II.
Their diplomats, in sounding out the State Department about the dis-
engagement plan, argue that Russia is now so preoccupied with do-
mestic troubles that it might be willing to end the cold war and with-
draw into its iron shell.
NOTE-Chief difficulty with the proposal, however, is that the
Red army only needs to withdraw a few miles into Poland across the
border from Germany and a few miles into Hungary and Czechosla-
vakia across the border from Austria. It could then move back to Aus-
tria in a few hours. The American army on the other hand would
have to 'withdraw either to French bases which are not too happy
about U.S. troops, or else back across the Atlantic.
WASHINGTON PIPELINE
DURING THE RECENT French strikes, Ex.-Sen. Bill Benton of
Connecticut was caught in France with no way to send dicta-
phone records of letters and memos back to his U.S. office. Adlai
Stevenson happened to be passing through on his world tour, and
good-naturedly packed Benton's dictaphone records home with him
.Now that th mohbiliation ormm h ssleaker off American

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN

(Continued from Page 2)
weaving, etching, enameling on cop-
per, rug hooking, photography, book-
binding, and others are requested.I
Eight weeks. $6.00. Instructor: wilmat
T, Donahue and Shata Ling.t
Engineering Drawing. Lectures and
discussions will cover the principles of
orthographic projection; practice in5
the making of working drawings; cor-
rect drafting-room practice in conven-
tional representation; the use of in-
struments; practice in lettering-free-t
hand for dimension and notes andI
mechanical for titles; reading and
checking of drawings; drill on geo-
metrical construction; instruction on1
blue and brown printing; practice inI
tracing; original drawing on tracingf
papers, Two two-hour drafting-room
periods per week. Sixteen weeks. $27.00.
Permission of instructor as well as
additional assignments will be neces-
sary to elect the course as Elemen-
tary Drawing I, three hours under-1
graduate credit. Instructor: Philip O.
Potts.
Investment Fundamentals. A course1
of study designed to introduce laymenI
to the more elementary aspects of se-
curity analysis. The series of lectures
will stress personal budgeting, empha-
size sound over-all investment plan-l
ning, and demonstrate useful proced-1
ures and techniques for electing and
analyzing individual security issues for
purchase.tClassroom discussion will as-
sume little or no previous knowledge
of investment principles. Six weeks.-
$6.00. Instructor: Wilford J. Eiteman.
Practical Public Speaking. For the1
student who desires a course devoted
exclusively to training in public speak-
ing rather than a basic course in the
whole field of speech. Study, analysis,J
practice, and criticism designed to pro-
mote the asquisition of proficiency in
extemporaneous speaking. May be tak-
en for credit or without credit. Limited
to thirty persons. (Speech 31, two hours
of undergraduate credit.) $18.00. In-
structor: Paul E. Cairns.
Semantics. The effective use of the
mental processes, particularly of mem-
ory, analysis, and integration; applica-
tion of the principles of general se-
mantics to the solution of personal
and social problems; training of the
memory and of the ability to abstract
and integrate; improvement of the emo-
tions; practical hints on the correct
use of words; recommended readings in
general semantics. Eight weeks. $8.00.
Instructor: Clarence L. Meader.
The Opera. Brings to the layman a
fuller understanding of and a basis for
a deeper enjoyment of opera as a musi-
cal art form. Deals with the fundamen-
tal aesthetic principles of opera and
demonstrates their application in works
from Mozart to the present, heard on
the Metropolitan Opera broadcasts. Six-
teen weeks. $18.00. Instructor: Glenn D.
McGeoch.
Concerts
Sttdent Recital. Unto Erkkila, violin-
ist, will be heard at 8:30 Wed. evening,
Sept. 30, in the Rackham Assembly
Hall, in a program of works by Bach,
Paganini, Bartok, Miihaud and Beeth-
oven. Mr. Erkkila is a pupil of Gilbert
Ross and a member of the Detroit
Symphony Orchestra. Played in par-
tial fulfillment of the requirements
for the Master of Music degree, the
program will be open to the public.
Events Today
Congregational Disciples Guild. Tea at
Guild House, 4:30-6:00 p.m.
Scimitars Club will hold its first
meeting of the year at 7:30 p.m., in
Room 3-K, Michigan Union. Plans for
the coming meet with Wayne Univer-
sity will be made. Fencers, both exper-
ienced and non-experienced, are in-
vited.
Kindai Nihon Kenkyukai. Meeting to-
night at 8r pm., East Conference Room
(3rd floor), Rackham Building. Stu-
dents interested in Japan are welcome.
Engineers. A tryout meeting for the

Episcopal Student Foundation. Tea
from 4 to 6 p.m, Canterbury House.
Museum of Art Alumni Memorial
Hall. Exhibit of Swedish textiles
through Oct. 15. Open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
on weekdays; 2 to 5 p.m. on Sundays.
The public is invited.
S.R.A. Council Meeting, Lane Hall,
5:45 p.m.
Square and Folk Dancing. Instruc-
tion for beginners and fun for experts.
Lane Hall, 7:30-10:00 p.m.
World University Service (formerly
WSSF) meeting, Lane Hall, 7:30 p.m.
Frank Sulewski, Regional Secretary
from Chicago, speaking.
Coming Events
American Chemical Society, Student
Affiliate. Dr. Elderfield will speak; on
"Opportunities in the Chemical Pro-
fession," at 7:30 p.m., Wed., Sept. 30,
1400 Chemical Building. All students
interested in chemistry are invited.
Roger Williams Guild. Wednesday aft-
ernoon tea, 4:30 to 6:00, at the Guild
House. Church Supper at 6:30 p.m. in Y
Fellowship Hall with students as guests.
Call 7332 for reservations.
Roger Williams Guild. Yoke Fellow-
ship meets Thursday morning at 7
a.m. in the church prayer room. In-
spirational devotions followed by a
breakfast. Through in time to get to
your 8 o'clock classes.
Le Cercle Francais will hold its first
meeting of the year Wed., Sept, 30, 8
p.m. in the Michigan League. There
will be a short talk on the importance
of the French culture by Prof. Charles
E. Koella, of the Romance Language
Department and Faculty Adviser to the
Club. Election of officers, French top-
ular songs, slides on Le Quartier Latin
of Paris, social hour and refreshments.
All, students eligible for membership.
Episcopal Student Foundation. Stu-
dent breakfast at 7:30 a.m., Wed., Sept.
30, Canterbury House.

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Sixty-Fourth Year
Edited and managed by students of,
the University of Michigan under the
authority of the Board in Control~ of
Student Publications.
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